Now this was the allotment
The term "allotment" refers to the division of the Promised Land among the tribes of Israel. In Hebrew, the word used is "נַחֲלָה" (nachalah), which means inheritance or possession. This concept is deeply rooted in the covenantal promise God made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, emphasizing the fulfillment of God's promises and the tangible manifestation of His faithfulness to His people.

for the tribe of Manasseh
Manasseh was one of the two sons of Joseph, who was one of the twelve sons of Jacob. The tribe of Manasseh is significant because it was one of the two half-tribes that descended from Joseph, the other being Ephraim. This division highlights the special status of Joseph's lineage, as Jacob had adopted Joseph's sons as his own, granting them equal inheritance among the tribes of Israel.

as Joseph’s firstborn
Joseph, though not the firstborn of Jacob, was given the rights of the firstborn through his sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. This phrase underscores the special favor and blessing that Joseph received from Jacob, which is a recurring theme in the narrative of Genesis. It reflects the providential hand of God in elevating Joseph despite his earlier hardships.

Machir, the firstborn of Manasseh
Machir was the eldest son of Manasseh and is often associated with strength and valor. The name Machir means "sold" or "bartered," which may reflect the transactional nature of inheritance and land possession in ancient Israel. Machir's descendants were known for their military prowess, which is significant in the context of the conquest and settlement of the land.

the father of Gilead
Gilead is both a person and a region east of the Jordan River. As a person, Gilead was a descendant of Machir, and as a region, it was known for its balm and rugged terrain. The mention of Gilead here ties the lineage of Manasseh to a specific geographical area, emphasizing the connection between people and land in the biblical narrative.

received Gilead and Bashan
The regions of Gilead and Bashan were located east of the Jordan River and were known for their fertile land and strategic importance. The Hebrew word for "received" is "לָקַח" (laqach), which means to take or acquire. This indicates the active role of the tribe in claiming their inheritance, which was both a gift from God and a result of their own efforts.

because they were men of war
This phrase highlights the martial character of the descendants of Machir. The Hebrew word for "war" is "מִלְחָמָה" (milchamah), which signifies battle or conflict. The ability to defend and conquer the land was crucial for the survival and establishment of the tribes in the Promised Land. It underscores the theme of divine empowerment and human responsibility in the conquest narrative.

So this allotment
The term "allotment" refers to the division of the Promised Land among the tribes of Israel. In Hebrew, the word used is "נַחֲלָה" (nachalah), which signifies an inheritance or possession. This concept is deeply rooted in the covenantal promise God made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, emphasizing the faithfulness of God in fulfilling His promises. The allotment is not just a physical distribution of land but a spiritual inheritance that signifies God's provision and blessing.

for the rest of the descendants of Manasseh
Manasseh was one of the sons of Joseph, and his descendants were divided into two groups: those who settled east of the Jordan and those who settled west. The phrase "the rest of the descendants" indicates the portion of the tribe that settled west of the Jordan. This division highlights the unique position of Manasseh, receiving a double portion, which reflects Joseph's special status among the tribes of Israel.

the clans of Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher, and Shemida
These names represent the family groups or clans within the tribe of Manasseh. Each name carries historical and genealogical significance, tracing back to the sons and grandsons of Manasseh. For instance, Abiezer is noted as the family from which Gideon, the judge, came (Judges 6:11). The mention of these clans underscores the importance of family lineage and the fulfillment of God's promises to each family unit within the tribe.

These are the male descendants of Manasseh son of Joseph
The emphasis on "male descendants" reflects the patrilineal system of inheritance common in ancient Israel. This system ensured the continuity of family names and the preservation of tribal identity. Manasseh, as the son of Joseph, holds a significant place in Israel's history, as Joseph was a key figure in God's plan to preserve the Israelites during the famine in Egypt.

by their clans
The phrase "by their clans" indicates the organized structure within the tribe of Manasseh. Each clan had its own leadership and territory, which contributed to the overall governance and social structure of the tribe. This organization reflects the order and intentionality in God's distribution of the land, ensuring that each family had a place and a role within the larger community of Israel.

Now Zelophehad son of Hepher
The mention of Zelophehad, a descendant of Manasseh, highlights the importance of lineage and inheritance in Israelite society. The name "Zelophehad" is of Hebrew origin, meaning "protection from terror," which may reflect the hope or character attributed to him by his family. Hepher, his father, is part of the genealogy that ties Zelophehad to the tribe of Manasseh, one of the sons of Joseph. This connection underscores the tribal identity and the significance of maintaining family heritage within the Promised Land.

the son of Gilead, the son of Makir, the son of Manasseh
This genealogical line traces back to Manasseh, one of the two sons of Joseph, who was a key figure in the history of Israel. Gilead and Makir are significant as they represent the regions and clans within the tribe of Manasseh. The name "Gilead" is often associated with a mountainous region east of the Jordan River, known for its balm and rugged terrain. "Makir" is noted as a warrior clan, emphasizing the strength and valor associated with this lineage. The connection to Manasseh, Joseph's firstborn, highlights the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs, ensuring that their descendants would inherit the land.

had no sons, but only daughters
This phrase introduces a unique situation in the patriarchal society of ancient Israel, where inheritance typically passed through male descendants. The absence of sons in Zelophehad's family sets the stage for a significant legal and theological development regarding the rights of women in inheritance. This situation challenges the traditional norms and opens the door for God's justice and provision to be demonstrated in a new way.

Their names were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah
The listing of Zelophehad's daughters by name is significant, as it grants them individual recognition and importance in the biblical narrative. Each name carries meaning and reflects the character or hope of the family. "Mahlah" can mean "sickness" or "forgiveness," suggesting a narrative of redemption. "Noah," meaning "rest" or "comfort," echoes the hope for peace and stability. "Hoglah" may mean "partridge," a bird known for its resilience. "Milcah," meaning "queen" or "counsel," suggests wisdom and leadership. "Tirzah," meaning "delight" or "pleasure," reflects beauty and favor. The inclusion of their names emphasizes their role in the unfolding account of God's people and His provision for justice and equity, as later seen in their successful appeal for inheritance rights in Numbers 27. This narrative not only highlights God's care for all His people but also foreshadows the inclusive nature of His kingdom, where all are valued and have a place in His divine plan.

They approached Eleazar the priest
This phrase highlights the importance of spiritual leadership in ancient Israel. Eleazar, the son of Aaron, served as the high priest, a role that signified a mediator between God and the people. The Hebrew root for "approached" (נָגַשׁ, nagash) implies a respectful and purposeful coming forward, indicating the reverence and seriousness with which the daughters of Zelophehad presented their case. This action underscores the established order and respect for God-ordained authority in decision-making processes.

Joshua son of Nun
Joshua, the successor of Moses, is a central figure in the conquest and settlement of Canaan. His name, derived from the Hebrew "Yehoshua" (יְהוֹשֻׁעַ), means "The LORD is salvation," reflecting his role as a deliverer and leader. Joshua's presence in this narrative emphasizes the continuity of leadership and the fulfillment of God's promises through faithful servants. His inclusion in this decision-making process highlights the collaborative leadership model in Israel, involving both spiritual and military leaders.

and the leaders
The mention of "the leaders" (נְשִׂיאִים, nesi'im) indicates the involvement of tribal heads or elders in the governance of Israel. This collective leadership approach ensured that decisions were made with wisdom and consensus, reflecting the communal nature of Israelite society. It also illustrates the importance of accountability and shared responsibility in leadership, principles that are valued in conservative Christian thought as reflective of biblical governance.

and said, 'The LORD commanded Moses
This phrase underscores the authority of divine command in the allocation of the land. The daughters of Zelophehad reference a specific directive from God to Moses, which is recorded in Numbers 27:6-7. The Hebrew word for "commanded" (צִוָּה, tzivah) conveys a sense of authoritative instruction, emphasizing that their request is not based on personal desire but on divine mandate. This appeal to God's command highlights the importance of adhering to God's word as the ultimate authority in all matters.

to give us an inheritance among our brothers
The request for an inheritance "among our brothers" reflects the cultural and legal context of inheritance rights in ancient Israel. The Hebrew term for "inheritance" (נַחֲלָה, nachalah) signifies a portion or possession, often associated with land. The daughters of Zelophehad's appeal was groundbreaking, as it challenged traditional inheritance laws that favored male heirs. Their successful petition, based on God's command, underscores the justice and equity inherent in God's law, which transcends cultural norms.

So Joshua gave them an inheritance among their father’s brothers
This action by Joshua demonstrates obedience to God's command and a commitment to justice. The phrase "gave them an inheritance" signifies the fulfillment of God's promise and the equitable distribution of land. It reflects the biblical principle that God's promises are inclusive and that His justice extends to all, regardless of gender. This act of granting inheritance to the daughters of Zelophehad serves as a testament to God's faithfulness and the integrity of Joshua's leadership.

according to the LORD’s command
The repetition of "the LORD’s command" reinforces the divine authority behind the decision. It serves as a reminder that the ultimate source of justice and order is God Himself. This phrase underscores the importance of aligning human actions with divine will, a key tenet in conservative Christian theology. It highlights the belief that true justice and righteousness are achieved when individuals and leaders submit to God's commands and seek to implement His will in all aspects of life.

Thus ten shares fell to Manasseh
The phrase "ten shares" refers to the division of land among the tribe of Manasseh. In the Hebrew context, the word for "shares" (חֲבָלִים, chavalim) can also mean portions or lots, indicating a divinely ordained distribution. This allocation underscores God's providence and faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to the tribes of Israel. Historically, the tribe of Manasseh was one of the largest and most influential tribes, and receiving ten shares signifies their importance and the fulfillment of Jacob's blessing over Joseph's sons in Genesis 48:5-6. This division also reflects the patriarchal structure and inheritance laws of ancient Israel, where land was a crucial aspect of identity and sustenance.

besides the land of Gilead and Bashan
The mention of "Gilead and Bashan" highlights the geographical and historical significance of these regions. Gilead, known for its balm, was a fertile and strategic area east of the Jordan River. Bashan, renowned for its rich pastures and strong oaks, was a land of abundance. These territories were already given to the half-tribe of Manasseh, as seen in Numbers 32:33, when Moses allocated land to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. This additional inheritance "besides" these lands emphasizes God's generosity and the tribe's expansion, symbolizing spiritual growth and the blessings of obedience.

beyond the Jordan
The phrase "beyond the Jordan" refers to the Transjordan region, which was east of the Jordan River. This area was significant in Israel's history as it was the first land conquered and settled by the Israelites before crossing into Canaan. The Jordan River itself is a symbol of transition and faith, marking the boundary between the wilderness and the Promised Land. For the tribe of Manasseh, having land on both sides of the Jordan signifies a bridging of the old and new, a testament to God's faithfulness in leading His people into their inheritance. This dual possession can inspire believers to embrace both their spiritual heritage and the new life in Christ, living in the fullness of God's promises.

because the daughters of Manasseh
This phrase highlights a significant moment in biblical history where the daughters of Zelophehad, who were of the tribe of Manasseh, were granted an inheritance. This was a groundbreaking event in the ancient Near Eastern context, where inheritance typically passed through male descendants. The Hebrew root for "daughters" (בָּנוֹת, banot) emphasizes the familial and legal recognition of women in this context, showcasing God's justice and provision for all His people, regardless of gender.

received an inheritance
The concept of "inheritance" (נַחֲלָה, nachalah) in Hebrew culture was deeply tied to identity, legacy, and divine promise. It was not merely about land or property but about participating in the covenantal blessings promised to Abraham and his descendants. The daughters' receipt of an inheritance underscores the inclusivity of God's promises and the importance of faithfulness to His commands, as seen in Numbers 27 when they first approached Moses with their request.

among his sons
This phrase indicates the integration of the daughters' inheritance with that of the male descendants, symbolizing equality and unity within the tribe. It reflects the broader biblical theme of God's impartiality and the breaking down of societal barriers. The Hebrew word for "sons" (בָּנִים, banim) often represents descendants or members of a group, emphasizing the collective identity of the tribe of Manasseh.

The land of Gilead
Gilead was a region east of the Jordan River, known for its balm and fertile land. It held strategic and economic importance in ancient Israel. The mention of Gilead here serves as a geographical marker, reminding readers of the tangible blessings and responsibilities associated with the inheritance. It also connects to the broader narrative of Israel's conquest and settlement in the Promised Land, fulfilling God's promises to the patriarchs.

belonged to the rest of the sons of Manasseh
This phrase delineates the distribution of land among the tribe of Manasseh, ensuring that all members received their due portion. The Hebrew root for "belonged" (הָיָה, hayah) implies possession and fulfillment, reinforcing the idea that God's promises are realized in the lives of His people. It also highlights the orderly and just allocation of resources, reflecting God's character and the importance of stewardship in the community of faith.

The border of Manasseh
This phrase refers to the territorial boundaries assigned to the tribe of Manasseh, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Historically, the land allotment for Manasseh was significant because it was divided into two parts: one on the west side of the Jordan River and the other on the east. This division is a testament to the tribe's size and importance. The Hebrew root for "border" (גְּבוּל, "gevul") often implies a boundary or limit, signifying the God-ordained inheritance for each tribe. This allocation underscores God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

ran from Asher
"Asher" here is not the tribe but a location within the territory of Manasseh. The Hebrew root for "ran" (יָצָא, "yatsa") means to go out or proceed, indicating the direction or path of the boundary. This movement from Asher highlights the dynamic nature of the land's borders, which were not just static lines but living, breathing demarcations that defined the identity and heritage of the people of Israel.

to Michmethath
Michmethath is a place whose exact location is uncertain today, but it is believed to have been near Shechem, a significant city in biblical history. The mention of Michmethath in the boundary description emphasizes the detailed and precise nature of the land allotments. This precision reflects God's order and care in providing for His people, ensuring that each tribe received its rightful inheritance.

east of Shechem
Shechem holds a prominent place in biblical history as a city of refuge and a site of covenant renewal. It was here that Abraham first built an altar to the Lord (Genesis 12:6-7), and later, Joshua would gather all the tribes of Israel to renew their covenant with God (Joshua 24). The reference to Shechem situates the boundary in a context rich with spiritual heritage, reminding the Israelites of their covenant relationship with God and their call to faithfulness.

The border then went southward
The direction "southward" (נֶגֶב, "negev") indicates a movement towards the Negev, a desert region. This southward extension of the border signifies the tribe's reach and influence. In a spiritual sense, it can symbolize the expansion of God's promises and blessings, as the land was a tangible expression of His covenant with Israel.

to the inhabitants of En-tappuah
En-tappuah, meaning "spring of the apple," was a location within the territory of Manasseh. The mention of "inhabitants" (יוֹשֵׁב, "yoshev") highlights the presence of people living within these borders, emphasizing the land's role as a place of community and life. This phrase serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of land, people, and divine promise, as the land was not just a possession but a place where God's people could thrive and fulfill their calling.

The land of Tappuah
The term "Tappuah" in Hebrew means "apple" or "fruitful." This name suggests a region of fertility and abundance, which is significant in the context of the Promised Land—a land flowing with milk and honey. The mention of Tappuah highlights the richness of the inheritance given to the tribes of Israel. Historically, Tappuah was a city in the hill country of Ephraim, indicating its strategic and agricultural importance.

belonged to Manasseh
Manasseh was one of the sons of Joseph, and his descendants formed one of the tribes of Israel. The allocation of land to Manasseh reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob regarding the inheritance of the land. This phrase underscores the divine orchestration in the distribution of the land, as each tribe received its portion according to God's plan. The historical context shows that Manasseh's territory was extensive, covering both sides of the Jordan River, which speaks to the tribe's significant role in Israel's history.

but Tappuah itself
The distinction made here between the land surrounding Tappuah and Tappuah itself is crucial. It indicates a division of territory that was common in the tribal allocations. This division serves as a reminder of the complexity and precision of God's promises and the importance of obedience and faithfulness in receiving His blessings. The city of Tappuah, being a separate entity, suggests a place of particular significance or strategic value.

on the border of Manasseh
Borders in ancient times were not just geographical markers but also signified the extent of a tribe's influence and responsibility. The border of Manasseh indicates the tribe's reach and the areas they were to cultivate and protect. This phrase highlights the importance of boundaries in maintaining order and fulfilling God's covenant. Theologically, it reminds believers of the boundaries set by God in their lives, which are meant for protection and blessing.

belonged to the Ephraimites
Ephraim, like Manasseh, was a son of Joseph, and his descendants formed another tribe of Israel. The fact that Tappuah belonged to the Ephraimites, despite being on the border of Manasseh, illustrates the close relationship and shared heritage between these two tribes. This allocation reflects the unity and diversity within the body of God's people. Historically, Ephraim was a leading tribe in Israel, often associated with leadership and strength. This phrase serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of God's people and the importance of unity in diversity.

Then the border descended
The phrase "the border descended" indicates a geographical transition, moving from a higher elevation to a lower one. In the Hebrew context, the word for "descended" (יָרַד, yarad) often implies a movement from a place of prominence or significance to a more humble or ordinary location. This descent can symbolize the journey of faith, where believers are called to move from places of comfort to areas where they can serve God's purpose more fully. It reflects the humility and obedience required in following God's plan.

to the Brook of Kanah
The "Brook of Kanah" serves as a natural boundary marker. In Hebrew, "Kanah" (קָנָה) can mean "reed" or "stalk," suggesting a place where reeds grow, which is typical of a brook or stream. This brook was significant in delineating the tribal territories of Ephraim and Manasseh. The use of natural landmarks for boundaries underscores the importance of creation in God's covenant with His people, reminding us that the earth and its features are part of His divine order.

south of the brook
The phrase "south of the brook" specifies the location of the territory in relation to the brook. In biblical symbolism, the south often represents warmth, light, and blessing, as it is the direction of the sun's path. This positioning could imply that the land south of the brook, belonging to Ephraim, was favored or blessed. It highlights the careful and intentional distribution of land among the tribes, reflecting God's providence and care for His people.

These cities belonged to Ephraim
The allocation of cities to Ephraim signifies the fulfillment of God's promise to the descendants of Joseph. Ephraim, as one of Joseph's sons, was granted a significant inheritance, reflecting the double portion blessing given to Joseph. This distribution of land is a testament to God's faithfulness in keeping His promises to the patriarchs and their descendants. It also emphasizes the importance of community and belonging within the covenant relationship with God.

among the cities of Manasseh
The phrase "among the cities of Manasseh" indicates a shared or overlapping territory between the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. This arrangement highlights the interconnectedness and unity among the tribes of Israel, despite their distinct inheritances. It serves as a reminder of the need for cooperation and harmony within the body of believers, as each tribe or group has a unique role to play in the larger community of faith.

The border of Manasseh was to the north of the brook
The northern border of Manasseh, as described, delineates the extent of their territory. In biblical terms, the north can symbolize judgment or challenge, as it was often from the north that invaders came. This positioning may suggest that Manasseh's territory was strategically placed to serve as a buffer or defense for the nation. It underscores the idea that God places His people in specific locations for His purposes, equipping them to face challenges and fulfill their roles in His plan.

and ended at the sea
The phrase "ended at the sea" marks the western boundary of Manasseh's territory. The sea, often representing chaos and the unknown in biblical literature, serves as a natural limit to the land. This boundary signifies the completeness and sufficiency of God's provision for His people. It reminds believers that while there are limits to our earthly inheritance, God's spiritual blessings are boundless and eternal, offering peace and security beyond the physical realm.

Ephraim’s territory was to the south
The tribe of Ephraim, named after one of Joseph's sons, was allotted land to the south of Manasseh. This allocation reflects the fulfillment of Jacob's blessing over Joseph's sons in Genesis 48, where Ephraim was given precedence over Manasseh despite being the younger. The Hebrew root for "south" (נֶגֶב, negev) often signifies a direction associated with warmth and light, symbolizing the favor and blessing upon Ephraim. Historically, Ephraim's land was fertile and strategically located, which played a significant role in Israel's history.

and Manasseh’s to the north
Manasseh, the firstborn of Joseph, received a large portion of land, divided between territories on both sides of the Jordan River. The northern allocation signifies Manasseh's prominence and strength, as the tribe was known for its valor and size. The Hebrew root for "north" (צָפוֹן, tsaphon) can imply hidden or concealed, perhaps indicating the tribe's potential and resources. This division of land between Ephraim and Manasseh also reflects the unity and diversity within the house of Joseph.

The sea was their boundary
The "sea" refers to the Mediterranean Sea, which served as a natural western boundary for the tribes. In biblical symbolism, the sea often represents chaos and the unknown, yet here it provides a clear and defined limit to the land, suggesting God's order and provision. The Hebrew word for "sea" (יָם, yam) is used throughout Scripture to denote vastness and power, reminding the Israelites of God's sovereignty over creation.

they touched Asher on the north
The tribe of Asher, known for its rich olive oil and fertile land, bordered Manasseh to the north. The Hebrew root for "touched" (נָגַע, naga) implies contact or reaching, indicating the interconnectedness of the tribes. This connection with Asher highlights the cooperative and interdependent nature of the Israelite tribes, each contributing to the nation's overall strength and prosperity.

and Issachar on the east
Issachar, another son of Jacob, bordered Manasseh to the east. Known for its wisdom and understanding of the times (1 Chronicles 12:32), Issachar's proximity to Manasseh suggests a sharing of knowledge and resources. The Hebrew root for "east" (קֶדֶם, qedem) often signifies antiquity or origin, pointing to the tribe's deep roots and historical significance. This eastern boundary underscores the balance and harmony intended among the tribes, each fulfilling its God-given role within the Promised Land.

Within Issachar and Asher
This phrase indicates the geographical allocation of land to the tribe of Manasseh, which was unique because it extended into territories traditionally associated with other tribes, namely Issachar and Asher. Historically, this reflects the complex tribal boundaries and the intermingling of the tribes of Israel. The Hebrew root for Issachar (יִשָּׂשכָר) and Asher (אָשֵׁר) signifies "reward" and "happy" respectively, suggesting the blessings and prosperity intended for these regions.

Manasseh also had
Manasseh, one of the sons of Joseph, was granted a significant portion of land. The Hebrew name Manasseh (מְנַשֶּׁה) means "causing to forget," which is a reference to Joseph's statement about forgetting his hardships in Egypt. This allocation of land signifies the fulfillment of God's promises to the descendants of Joseph, highlighting the importance of faithfulness and divine providence.

Beth-shean
Beth-shean was a significant city in ancient Israel, known for its strategic location at the crossroads of major trade routes. The name Beth-shean (בֵּית שְׁאָן) means "house of rest" or "house of security," reflecting its role as a fortified city. Archaeological excavations have revealed its importance throughout various periods, underscoring the historical depth of the biblical narrative.

Ibleam
Ibleam, though less prominent in biblical records, was a city of strategic importance. The name Ibleam (יִבְלְעָם) is thought to mean "devouring people," which may reflect its turbulent history. This city, like others in the region, was a testament to the ongoing struggle for control and influence in the land of Canaan.

the inhabitants of Dor
Dor was a coastal city known for its maritime activities. The name Dor (דּוֹר) means "generation" or "habitation," indicating its long-standing settlement. Historically, Dor was a center of trade and culture, and its inclusion in Manasseh's territory highlights the tribe's access to diverse resources and influences.

Endor
Endor is famously known as the place where King Saul consulted a medium. The name Endor (עֵין־דּוֹר) means "spring of dwelling," suggesting a place of sustenance and habitation. This city serves as a reminder of the spiritual challenges faced by Israel and the importance of seeking God’s guidance.

Taanach
Taanach was a fortified city in the Jezreel Valley. The name Taanach (תַּעְנַךְ) may mean "sandy" or "humble," reflecting its geographical features. Taanach's mention in various biblical battles underscores its strategic military significance and the ongoing conflict between the Israelites and the Canaanites.

Megiddo
Megiddo is one of the most archaeologically significant sites in Israel, known for its role in numerous biblical battles. The name Megiddo (מְגִדּוֹ) means "place of troops" or "assembly," highlighting its strategic importance. It is famously associated with the prophetic battle of Armageddon, symbolizing the ultimate triumph of God’s kingdom.

each with their surrounding settlements
This phrase emphasizes the comprehensive nature of Manasseh's inheritance, including not just the cities but also the surrounding villages and lands. It reflects the biblical principle of stewardship and the responsibility of the tribes to cultivate and maintain the land given to them by God. The Hebrew word for settlements (בְּנוֹתֶיהָ) suggests a network of communities, underscoring the interconnectedness of the people of Israel.

But the descendants of Manasseh
The tribe of Manasseh was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, named after one of Joseph's sons. Historically, Manasseh was one of the two half-tribes, with land on both sides of the Jordan River. This phrase highlights the continuity of God's promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as their descendants are now in the Promised Land. The tribe's inability to fully possess their inheritance reflects the ongoing struggle between faithfulness to God's commands and the challenges posed by the surrounding cultures.

were unable to occupy these cities
The Hebrew root for "unable" suggests a lack of strength or capability. This inability is not just physical but also spiritual, as it reflects a failure to fully trust in God's power to deliver the land into their hands. The cities in question were part of the inheritance promised to Manasseh, yet their occupation was incomplete. This serves as a reminder of the importance of reliance on God rather than human strength alone.

because the Canaanites were determined
The Canaanites, the original inhabitants of the land, were known for their fortified cities and advanced military capabilities. The word "determined" indicates a strong resolve or stubbornness. This determination of the Canaanites to remain in the land represents the persistent opposition that God's people often face from the world. It underscores the spiritual warfare that believers must engage in, relying on God's strength to overcome.

to stay in this land
The land was a central element of God's covenant with Israel, symbolizing His promise and blessing. The Canaanites' desire to stay in the land highlights the ongoing conflict between God's people and those who do not acknowledge Him. This phrase serves as a metaphor for the Christian life, where believers are called to claim and live out the promises of God amidst a world that often resists His rule. The struggle to fully possess the land is a call to perseverance and faithfulness in the face of opposition.

But when the Israelites grew stronger
This phrase indicates a period of increasing power and stability for the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "grew stronger" is "chazaq," which conveys the idea of becoming firm, strong, or courageous. Historically, this reflects a time when the Israelites were consolidating their hold over the Promised Land, gaining confidence and resources. Spiritually, it suggests a phase of maturity and growth in faith, where reliance on God leads to increased strength and capability.

they subjected the Canaanites to forced labor
The decision to subject the Canaanites to forced labor rather than driving them out entirely is significant. The Hebrew word for "subjected" is "mas," which implies imposing tribute or labor. This action reflects a pragmatic approach to dealing with the remaining Canaanite population, utilizing them for economic gain. From a conservative Christian perspective, this can be seen as a failure to fully obey God's command to drive out the inhabitants of the land, which later led to spiritual and moral compromises.

but they did not drive them out completely
This phrase highlights a partial obedience to God's command. The Hebrew word for "drive out" is "yarash," meaning to dispossess or expel. The Israelites' failure to completely remove the Canaanites foreshadows future challenges, as these remaining inhabitants would later influence Israel with their idolatrous practices. This serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of incomplete obedience and the importance of fully following God's directives to avoid spiritual pitfalls.

The sons of Joseph
This phrase refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, the two sons of Joseph, who was one of the twelve sons of Jacob. Historically, Joseph was given a double portion through his sons, which is why these tribes are often collectively referred to as the "house of Joseph." This reflects the special status Joseph held in the family, as well as the fulfillment of Jacob's blessing in Genesis 48:5, where he adopts Ephraim and Manasseh as his own sons.

said to Joshua
Joshua, the leader of Israel after Moses, was responsible for dividing the Promised Land among the tribes. His role was not only administrative but also spiritual, as he was to ensure that the distribution was in accordance with God's will. The approach of the sons of Joseph to Joshua indicates their recognition of his authority and the need for divine guidance in the allocation of the land.

Why have you given us only one allotment and one portion as an inheritance?
This question reveals a sense of dissatisfaction and entitlement among the sons of Joseph. The term "allotment" refers to the division of land, which was a significant aspect of Israel's identity and God's promise to Abraham. The "one portion" suggests they felt their inheritance was insufficient given their size and importance. This reflects a common human tendency to compare and question God's provision, challenging believers to trust in God's perfect plan and timing.

We are a numerous people
The claim of being "numerous" highlights the growth and strength of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. This fulfillment of God's promise to multiply Abraham's descendants (Genesis 22:17) underscores the faithfulness of God. It also serves as a reminder of the responsibility that comes with blessings, as a larger population required more resources and land to sustain them.

whom the LORD has blessed so abundantly
This acknowledgment of God's blessing is crucial. It recognizes that their numbers and strength are not due to their own efforts but are a result of divine favor. The Hebrew root for "blessed" (בָּרַךְ, barak) conveys a sense of being endowed with power for success, prosperity, and longevity. This phrase serves as a reminder to believers that all blessings come from God and should be received with gratitude and humility.

If you have so many people
This phrase begins with Joshua addressing the tribe of Joseph, which includes the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. The context here is a response to their complaint about the insufficiency of their allotted land. The Hebrew word for "people" is "am," which often refers to a group bound by common ancestry or covenant. Historically, the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh were indeed numerous and powerful, reflecting the fulfillment of Jacob's blessing in Genesis 48:19. This phrase challenges them to consider their own strength and resources.

Joshua replied
Joshua, the leader of Israel after Moses, is speaking. His role as a leader is not just to distribute land but to encourage the tribes to take initiative. The Hebrew root of "replied" is "anah," which can mean to answer or respond, often with authority or insight. Joshua's response is not just a simple answer but a directive that carries the weight of his leadership and God's authority.

go up into the forest
The directive to "go up" suggests action and initiative. The Hebrew word "alah" means to ascend or climb, often used in the context of moving towards something greater or more challenging. The "forest" refers to the wooded hill country of Ephraim, which was part of their inheritance but required effort to clear and settle. This reflects a spiritual principle of taking possession of God's promises through faith and effort.

and clear land for yourselves
The phrase "clear land" involves the Hebrew word "bara," which means to create or make something new. This is a call to transform the potential of the land into a productive inheritance. Spiritually, it suggests the work of sanctification, where believers are called to actively participate in God's promises by removing obstacles and cultivating their spiritual lives.

there in the land of the Perizzites and Rephaim
The Perizzites and Rephaim were inhabitants of Canaan, representing the challenges and opposition the Israelites faced. The Perizzites were known as rural dwellers, while the Rephaim were considered giants, symbolizing formidable obstacles. Historically, this reflects the ongoing struggle of the Israelites to fully possess the land God promised them, a theme that resonates with the Christian journey of overcoming spiritual battles.

since the hill country of Ephraim is too small for you
The "hill country of Ephraim" refers to the central mountainous region of Canaan, which was part of the inheritance of the tribe of Joseph. The phrase "too small" highlights the tension between God's promise and the current reality. The Hebrew word "tsar" can mean narrow or restricted, suggesting that God's people are called to expand and grow beyond their current limitations. This is an encouragement to trust in God's provision and to step out in faith to claim the fullness of His promises.

The hill country is not enough for us
This phrase reflects the complaint of the descendants of Joseph, specifically the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. The Hebrew word for "hill country" is "har," which often denotes a mountainous region. Historically, the hill country of Ephraim was a fertile and strategic area, yet the tribes felt constrained by its size. This complaint reveals a lack of contentment and trust in God's provision. It serves as a reminder that God's blessings may not always align with our expectations, and we are called to trust in His sufficiency.

and all the Canaanites who dwell in the valley
The Canaanites were the original inhabitants of the land, and their presence in the valley posed a significant challenge. The Hebrew term for "valley" is "emeq," indicating a broad, flat area. The Canaanites' continued presence highlights the Israelites' incomplete conquest of the land, a recurring theme in the Book of Joshua. This situation underscores the need for faith and obedience to God's commands to fully possess the promises He has given.

have chariots of iron
Chariots of iron were a formidable military technology of the time, representing strength and power. The Hebrew word for "chariots" is "rekeb," and "iron" is "barzel." The mention of iron chariots emphasizes the perceived invincibility of the Canaanites, contributing to the Israelites' fear and reluctance to engage in battle. This phrase challenges believers to confront their fears and trust in God's power, which surpasses any earthly might.

both those in Beth-shean and its villages
Beth-shean was a significant Canaanite city located in the Jordan Valley. The Hebrew name "Beth-shean" means "house of security," indicating its strategic importance. The reference to "villages" or "daughters" (Hebrew: "bath") suggests the surrounding settlements under Beth-shean's influence. This highlights the extent of Canaanite control and the challenge facing the Israelites. It serves as a call to believers to rely on God's strength to overcome entrenched opposition.

and those in the Valley of Jezreel
The Valley of Jezreel, known in Hebrew as "Yizre'el," meaning "God sows," was a fertile and expansive region. It was a critical area for agriculture and trade, making it highly desirable. The presence of Canaanites in this valley further illustrates the incomplete conquest and the need for Israel to fully trust in God's promises. For modern believers, it is a reminder that God sows His purposes in our lives, and we must be diligent in cultivating faith and obedience to see His plans come to fruition.

So Joshua said
The phrase begins with Joshua, the leader of Israel after Moses, speaking directly to the tribes. Joshua, whose name means "Yahweh is salvation," is a central figure in the conquest of Canaan. His leadership is divinely appointed, and his words carry the authority of God’s command. This context emphasizes the importance of his message to the tribes of Joseph.

to the house of Joseph
The "house of Joseph" refers to the descendants of Joseph, one of the twelve sons of Jacob. Joseph's sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, received a double portion of inheritance, which is significant in the context of Israel's tribal allotments. This reflects Joseph's favored status and the fulfillment of Jacob's blessing in Genesis 48.

to Ephraim and Manasseh
Ephraim and Manasseh are the two sons of Joseph, and they are often mentioned together as the tribes that descended from him. Ephraim, the younger, was given precedence over Manasseh by Jacob's blessing, which is a recurring theme in the biblical narrative of the younger being favored over the elder. This highlights the divine sovereignty in the distribution of blessings and inheritance.

You have many people
This phrase acknowledges the numerical strength of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. In the context of ancient Israel, population size was directly related to military and economic power. The census in Numbers 26 shows that these tribes were indeed numerous, which justified their need for a larger territory.

and great strength
The "great strength" refers not only to their numbers but also to their capability and potential as a powerful force within Israel. This strength is both a blessing and a responsibility, as they are expected to use it to fulfill God’s purposes in the land of Canaan. It also implies that they have the ability to conquer and settle additional territories.

You shall not have just one allotment
This statement is a promise and a directive. It assures the tribes of Joseph that their inheritance will be expanded beyond a single portion of land. This reflects God’s provision and faithfulness in meeting the needs of His people. It also challenges them to take initiative and trust in God's promise as they expand their territory.

because the hill country will be yours as well
The phrase "hill country" refers to the elevated regions of the land of Canaan, which were often seen as challenging to inhabit due to their rugged terrain. In the Hebrew context, the term for "hill country" (Hebrew: "har") signifies a place of strength and strategic advantage. Historically, these areas were significant for defense and agriculture. The promise that it "will be yours" underscores God's assurance of victory and possession, emphasizing divine providence and the fulfillment of His promises to the Israelites.

It is a forest; clear it
The description "It is a forest" indicates that the land was densely wooded, requiring effort to make it suitable for settlement and agriculture. The Hebrew word for "forest" (Hebrew: "ya'ar") suggests a wild, untamed area. The command to "clear it" implies human responsibility and initiative in claiming God's promises. This reflects a spiritual principle that while God provides, His people must actively participate in His plans, symbolizing the cooperation between divine sovereignty and human agency.

and its farthest limits will be yours
The phrase "farthest limits" speaks to the extent of the territory that the Israelites were to claim. In the Hebrew context, this suggests a comprehensive possession, leaving no part of the promise unclaimed. It highlights the abundance of God's provision and the vastness of His blessings. Historically, this would have been an encouragement to the Israelites to fully trust in God's promise and to not settle for less than what He had ordained for them.

Although the Canaanites have iron chariots and are strong
The mention of "iron chariots" signifies the advanced military technology of the Canaanites, which would have been intimidating to the Israelites. In the ancient Near East, iron chariots were a symbol of military might and superiority. The acknowledgment that the Canaanites "are strong" serves to highlight the formidable challenge before the Israelites. However, this also sets the stage for demonstrating God's power, as His strength is made perfect in human weakness, encouraging believers to trust in divine power over human strength.

you can drive them out
The assurance "you can drive them out" is a declaration of victory despite the apparent odds. The Hebrew verb used here (Hebrew: "yarash") implies not just driving out but also taking possession. This is a call to action, encouraging the Israelites to step out in faith and obedience. It serves as a reminder that with God's help, no obstacle is insurmountable. This phrase inspires believers to confront their own "Canaanites"—the challenges and strongholds in their lives—trusting in God's promise of victory.