When Jesus had concluded His discourse
This phrase marks the end of a significant teaching moment by Jesus. The Greek word for "concluded" is "ἐπλήρωσεν" (eplērōsen), which implies a sense of fulfillment or completion. Jesus' teachings were not random but purposeful, fulfilling the spiritual needs of His listeners. His discourses often included parables and teachings that revealed the Kingdom of God, emphasizing repentance, faith, and righteousness. This completion signifies a transition from teaching to action, demonstrating that Jesus' words were always followed by deeds.

in the hearing of the people
The phrase underscores the public nature of Jesus' ministry. The Greek word for "hearing" is "ἀκοῇ" (akoē), which can also mean "report" or "fame." This suggests that Jesus' teachings were not only heard by those present but also spread widely, contributing to His growing reputation. The people who heard Him were often a diverse group, including Jews, Gentiles, the curious, and the skeptical. This public discourse highlights the accessibility of Jesus' message to all who were willing to listen, reflecting the inclusive nature of the Gospel.

He went to Capernaum
Capernaum, a town on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee, served as a central hub for Jesus' ministry. The Greek verb "ἦλθεν" (ēlthen) indicates a deliberate movement or journey. Capernaum was a significant location due to its position on major trade routes, making it a place where Jesus could reach a wide audience. Archaeological findings reveal a thriving community with a synagogue, which Jesus frequented. This town witnessed many of His miracles and teachings, becoming a focal point for His ministry. Jesus' choice to go to Capernaum reflects His strategic approach to spreading His message, reaching both Jews and Gentiles in a bustling, multicultural environment.

There
The word "there" situates the narrative in a specific location, which is Capernaum, as mentioned in the preceding verse. Capernaum was a significant town in Jesus' ministry, often serving as a base for His operations. It was a bustling hub of commerce and culture, located on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee. This setting underscores the accessibility of Jesus' ministry to both Jews and Gentiles, as Capernaum was a melting pot of different cultures and peoples.

a highly valued servant
The Greek term for "servant" here is "δοῦλος" (doulos), which can mean a bond-servant or slave. The phrase "highly valued" indicates that this servant was not just any servant but one who was esteemed and precious to the centurion. This highlights the centurion's character, showing that he valued his servant beyond mere utility, reflecting a compassionate and humane attitude. In the Roman world, where slaves were often seen as property, this centurion's regard for his servant is noteworthy and sets the stage for the centurion's faith and humility later in the passage.

of a centurion
A centurion was a Roman officer in charge of approximately one hundred soldiers. The presence of a centurion in the narrative is significant, as it introduces a Gentile figure into the story. Centurions were known for their discipline, leadership, and authority. This particular centurion's interaction with Jesus is remarkable because it demonstrates the breaking down of ethnic and religious barriers. The centurion's faith and respect for Jesus, a Jewish teacher, exemplify the universality of Jesus' mission and the inclusivity of the Gospel message.

was sick
The Greek word used here is "κακῶς ἔχων" (kakōs echōn), which means to be ill or in a bad condition. The servant's illness is severe, as indicated by the subsequent phrase "about to die." This situation sets the stage for a miracle, highlighting Jesus' power over sickness and death. It also emphasizes the desperation and urgency of the centurion's plea, reflecting the human condition's vulnerability and the need for divine intervention.

and about to die
The phrase "about to die" underscores the critical nature of the servant's condition. It conveys a sense of impending doom and the limitations of human ability to save or heal. This dire situation amplifies the miraculous nature of what is to follow and sets the stage for a demonstration of Jesus' authority over life and death. It also serves as a reminder of the fragility of life and the hope that Jesus brings, offering life even in the face of death. This moment foreshadows the ultimate victory over death that Jesus will achieve through His resurrection.

When the centurion heard about Jesus
The term "centurion" refers to a Roman officer in charge of approximately one hundred soldiers. This title indicates a man of authority and discipline, often respected for his leadership and character. The centurion's hearing about Jesus suggests the widespread reputation of Jesus' ministry, even among the Gentiles. The Greek word for "heard" (ἀκούσας, akousas) implies not just passive listening but an active engagement with the information, indicating the centurion's openness to the truth of Jesus' power and compassion.

he sent some Jewish elders
The act of sending Jewish elders is significant, as it reflects the centurion's respect for Jewish customs and his understanding of the cultural and religious dynamics of the time. The Greek word for "elders" (πρεσβυτέρους, presbyterous) denotes leaders or respected figures within the Jewish community. This action demonstrates the centurion's humility and wisdom in seeking intercession from those who had a closer relationship with Jesus, acknowledging his own position as a Gentile outsider.

to ask Him to come
The phrase "to ask" (ἐρωτᾶν, erōtan) conveys a sense of earnest request or plea, rather than a command, highlighting the centurion's humility and recognition of Jesus' authority. The centurion's desire for Jesus "to come" underscores his faith in the physical presence of Jesus as a conduit for divine healing, reflecting the belief in the incarnational aspect of Jesus' ministry.

and heal his servant
The word "heal" (διασώσῃ, diasōsē) in Greek carries the connotation of saving or delivering, indicating not just physical restoration but a holistic salvation. The centurion's concern for his "servant" (δοῦλος, doulos) reveals his compassion and sense of responsibility, which is notable given the typical Roman view of servants as mere property. This compassion mirrors the heart of Jesus' ministry, which often reached out to the marginalized and oppressed, offering a profound lesson in the value of every human life.

When they came to Jesus
This phrase sets the scene for a significant encounter. The "they" refers to the Jewish elders sent by the centurion, a Roman officer, to Jesus. The act of coming to Jesus signifies a recognition of His authority and power. In the Greek, "came" (ἦλθον) implies a deliberate approach, indicating the elders' respect and urgency. Historically, this reflects the centurion's understanding of Jesus' ability to heal, despite being a Gentile, which underscores the breaking of cultural barriers and the universal reach of Jesus' ministry.

they pleaded with Him earnestly
The word "pleaded" (παρεκάλουν) in Greek conveys a sense of earnest entreaty or begging. This shows the depth of their concern and the seriousness of the centurion's request. The elders' earnestness highlights their respect for the centurion and their belief in Jesus' compassion and power. This plea is not just a casual request but a heartfelt appeal, reflecting the desperation and hope placed in Jesus' ability to heal.

This man is worthy to have You grant this
The phrase "this man is worthy" (ἄξιός ἐστιν) is significant. The elders argue for the centurion's worthiness based on his love for the Jewish nation and his building of a synagogue. In a historical context, this is remarkable, as Roman centurions were often seen as oppressors. Yet, this centurion's actions demonstrate a respect and love for the Jewish people, which the elders believe makes him deserving of Jesus' help. This highlights the theme of faith and righteousness not being confined to ethnic or religious boundaries but being recognized by actions and heart.

for he loves
The phrase "for he loves" indicates a deep, genuine affection and commitment. The Greek word used here is "agapáō," which is often associated with a selfless, sacrificial love. This is the same root used to describe God's love for humanity, emphasizing the centurion's sincere and profound regard for the Jewish people. In a historical context, Roman centurions were typically seen as oppressors, yet this centurion's love breaks cultural and societal barriers, reflecting a Christ-like love that transcends ethnic and national boundaries.

our nation
The term "our nation" refers to the Jewish people, highlighting the centurion's respect and appreciation for the Jewish culture and religion. In the first-century Roman Empire, Jews were often marginalized, yet this centurion's love for the Jewish nation suggests a recognition of their unique covenant relationship with God. This respect for the Jewish nation aligns with the biblical theme of God's chosen people and foreshadows the inclusion of Gentiles into the faith community, as seen in the New Testament.

and has built
The phrase "and has built" signifies action and investment. The Greek word "oikodomeō" implies constructing or edifying, not just physically but also spiritually and communally. This action demonstrates the centurion's commitment to the Jewish community, going beyond mere words to tangible support. It reflects the biblical principle that true love is demonstrated through actions, as seen in James 2:18, where faith is shown by deeds.

our synagogue
The term "our synagogue" refers to the local place of worship and community gathering for the Jews. Synagogues were central to Jewish religious life, serving as places for teaching, prayer, and community assembly. The centurion's contribution to building a synagogue indicates his respect for Jewish worship and his desire to support their religious practices. This act of building a synagogue is significant, as it symbolizes a bridge between the Jewish and Gentile worlds, prefiguring the unity of believers in Christ. Historically, this also reflects the Roman practice of allowing subject peoples to maintain their religious customs, yet the centurion's personal involvement suggests a deeper connection and respect for the Jewish faith.

So Jesus went with them
This phrase highlights the willingness of Jesus to respond to the needs of those who seek Him. The Greek word for "went" (πορεύομαι, poreuomai) implies a journey or a purposeful movement. Jesus' decision to go with the Jewish elders who pleaded on behalf of the centurion demonstrates His compassion and readiness to engage with all people, regardless of their social or ethnic background. This act of going with them underscores the inclusive nature of Jesus' ministry, breaking cultural barriers and showing that His love and healing are available to all who seek Him.

But when He was not far from the house
The phrase "not far from the house" indicates the proximity of Jesus to the centurion's dwelling, suggesting that the centurion's faith was so strong that he believed Jesus' mere presence nearby was sufficient for a miracle. This reflects the centurion's understanding of authority and power, recognizing that Jesus' authority transcends physical boundaries. The historical context here is significant, as Roman centurions were typically seen as oppressors by the Jewish people, yet this centurion's faith and humility set him apart, illustrating that faith can be found in unexpected places.

the centurion sent friends to say to Him
The centurion's decision to send friends rather than approaching Jesus himself is a demonstration of humility and respect. In the cultural context of the time, a Roman centurion would have been a man of significant authority and power, yet he chooses to approach Jesus through intermediaries. This act of sending friends is a testament to his recognition of Jesus' divine authority and his own unworthiness. It also reflects the centurion's understanding of the social and religious customs of the Jews, as he respects the potential for Jesus to become ceremonially unclean by entering a Gentile's home.

Lord, do not trouble Yourself
The address "Lord" (Κύριε, Kyrie) is significant, as it acknowledges Jesus' divine authority and power. The centurion's plea for Jesus not to "trouble" Himself (from the Greek σκύλλω, skýllō, meaning to harass or bother) reveals his deep respect and reverence for Jesus. This request is not out of a desire to inconvenience Jesus but rather from a profound sense of humility and recognition of Jesus' greatness. The centurion's faith is evident in his belief that Jesus' word alone is sufficient for healing, without the need for physical presence.

for I am not worthy to have You come under my roof
This statement is a powerful expression of humility and self-awareness. The centurion acknowledges his own unworthiness (ἱκανός, hikanos, meaning sufficient or worthy) in the presence of Jesus. This humility is striking, given the centurion's high status and authority within the Roman military. His recognition of his unworthiness contrasts with the typical Roman view of power and authority, highlighting a deep spiritual insight and faith. This humility is a key aspect of the centurion's character and serves as a model for believers, emphasizing the importance of recognizing our own limitations and the greatness of Christ.

That is why
This phrase indicates a conclusion or reason based on prior context. The centurion, a Roman officer, acknowledges his unworthiness, which is significant given his high status. This humility is a profound example of faith and respect, especially from a Gentile towards Jesus, a Jewish teacher. It reflects a deep understanding of authority and the power of Jesus' word.

I did not consider myself worthy
The Greek word for "worthy" here is "ἱκανός" (hikanos), which can mean sufficient or adequate. The centurion's self-assessment reveals a humility that contrasts with his societal position. In a historical context, Roman centurions were powerful figures, yet this centurion recognizes a greater authority in Jesus, demonstrating a profound respect and understanding of spiritual hierarchy.

to come to You
Approaching Jesus directly was seen as a significant act, especially for a Gentile. The centurion's decision not to come himself underscores his reverence and recognition of Jesus' holiness. This reflects the cultural and religious barriers of the time, where Gentiles and Jews often remained separate, yet the centurion's faith transcends these divisions.

But just say the word
This phrase highlights the centurion's belief in the power of Jesus' spoken word. The Greek term "λόγος" (logos) for "word" signifies not just a spoken word but also the divine expression and authority. The centurion's faith in Jesus' ability to heal from a distance underscores a recognition of Jesus' divine authority, echoing the creation narrative where God speaks the world into existence.

and my servant will be healed
The centurion's confidence in Jesus' power to heal without physical presence is a testament to his faith. The Greek word for "healed" is "ἰάομαι" (iaomai), meaning to cure or restore. This reflects the holistic healing that Jesus offers, not just physical but spiritual restoration. The centurion's faith is a model for believers, illustrating trust in Jesus' power and authority over all creation.

For I myself am a man under authority
This phrase begins with the centurion acknowledging his position within a hierarchy. The Greek word for "authority" is "ἐξουσία" (exousia), which implies a delegated power or influence. In the Roman military structure, a centurion was a commander of a hundred soldiers, yet he was still under the authority of higher-ranking officers. This reflects a broader biblical principle of submission to authority, as seen in Romans 13:1, where believers are instructed to submit to governing authorities. The centurion's understanding of authority is crucial, as it parallels the spiritual authority of Jesus, who operates under the divine authority of God the Father.

with soldiers under me
The centurion continues by describing his command over soldiers, illustrating the chain of command in the Roman army. The Greek word "ὑπὸ" (hypo) means "under," indicating a position of subordination. This military context provides a vivid picture of discipline and obedience, which the centurion uses to draw a parallel to Jesus' spiritual authority. Just as soldiers obey their earthly commanders, the centurion recognizes that Jesus has authority over sickness and the spiritual realm, expecting His commands to be obeyed without question.

I tell one, 'Go,' and he goes
Here, the centurion describes the immediate obedience of his soldiers. The Greek verb "πορεύομαι" (poreuomai) means "to go" or "to proceed," emphasizing action and movement. This reflects the centurion's confidence in the power of spoken words within his command. In a spiritual sense, this mirrors the authority of Jesus' words, which have the power to heal and transform. The centurion's faith in Jesus' ability to command healing from a distance is a profound testament to his understanding of Jesus' divine authority.

and another, 'Come,' and he comes
The command "Come" is translated from the Greek "ἔρχομαι" (erchomai), which means "to come" or "to arrive." This further illustrates the centurion's authority and the responsiveness of his soldiers. In the context of Jesus' ministry, this reflects the call to discipleship, where Jesus invites individuals to follow Him. The centurion's analogy underscores his belief that Jesus' words carry the same weight and authority, capable of summoning healing and restoration.

and to my servant, 'Do this,' and he does it
The phrase "Do this" is derived from the Greek "ποιέω" (poieo), meaning "to do" or "to make." This command signifies action and compliance, highlighting the centurion's expectation of obedience from his servant. In the broader biblical narrative, this reflects the call to obedience to God's commands. The centurion's statement is a powerful expression of faith, recognizing that just as his servant obeys his commands, so too will the natural and spiritual realms obey the commands of Jesus. This acknowledgment of Jesus' authority is a central theme in the Gospels, where faith in Jesus' word is often linked to miraculous outcomes.

When Jesus heard this
This phrase indicates a moment of divine attention and response. The Greek word for "heard" is "ἀκούσας" (akousas), which implies not just hearing but understanding and perceiving. Jesus, in His omniscience, recognizes the depth of the centurion's faith. This moment underscores the importance of faith that reaches the ears of God, suggesting that true faith is not just spoken but is deeply understood by Christ.

He marveled at him
The Greek word "ἐθαύμασεν" (ethaumazen) is used here, meaning to marvel or be amazed. It is significant that Jesus, the Son of God, is described as marveling. This indicates the extraordinary nature of the centurion's faith. In the Gospels, Jesus marvels at faith only twice—here and at the unbelief in Nazareth (Mark 6:6). This contrast highlights the centurion's faith as exemplary and worthy of divine admiration.

and turning to the crowd following Him
This phrase sets the scene and emphasizes the public nature of Jesus' response. The Greek word "στραφεὶς" (strapheis) means to turn around or to turn one's attention. Jesus uses this moment to teach the crowd, making the centurion's faith a lesson for all. The crowd, likely composed of Jews, would have been surprised by Jesus' commendation of a Gentile, challenging their preconceptions about faith and righteousness.

He said
The authority of Jesus' words is underscored here. The Greek "εἶπεν" (eipen) is a simple past tense, indicating a definitive statement. When Jesus speaks, His words carry divine authority and truth. This moment is not just a casual observation but a profound declaration meant to instruct and inspire.

I tell you
This phrase is a solemn introduction to a significant truth. The Greek "λέγω ὑμῖν" (lego hymin) is often used by Jesus to preface important teachings. It signals to the listeners that what follows is of great importance and should be heeded. Jesus is about to reveal a truth that challenges existing beliefs and expectations.

not even in Israel
Here, Jesus makes a striking comparison. The phrase "οὐδὲ ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ" (oude en tō Israēl) highlights the unexpected nature of the centurion's faith. Israel, God's chosen people, was expected to exhibit great faith, yet Jesus finds a greater faith in a Roman centurion. This statement serves as a rebuke to those who rely on heritage rather than genuine faith.

have I found
The Greek "εὗρον" (heuron) implies a search or discovery. Jesus, in His ministry, seeks out faith among His people. The use of this word suggests that true faith is rare and precious, something that must be sought after and cherished. It also implies that Jesus is actively looking for faith in the hearts of individuals.

such great faith
The phrase "τοσαύτην πίστιν" (tosautēn pistin) emphasizes the magnitude of the centurion's faith. "Pistin" (faith) in Greek denotes trust, belief, and confidence. The centurion's faith is not just belief in Jesus' power but a profound trust in His authority. This faith is characterized by humility and recognition of Jesus' divine authority, setting a standard for all believers.

And when the messengers returned to the house
This phrase sets the scene for the miraculous outcome of the centurion's faith. The "messengers" here are the friends of the centurion, who had been sent to Jesus to convey the centurion's request for healing. The Greek word for "messengers" is "ἀπεσταλμένοι" (apestalmenoi), which can also mean "sent ones" or "apostles." This highlights the role of these individuals as intermediaries, emphasizing the centurion's humility and faith. The "house" refers to the centurion's dwelling, a place of authority and care, symbolizing the centurion's responsibility and concern for his servant.

they found the servant in good health
The phrase "in good health" is translated from the Greek word "ὑγιαίνοντα" (hygianonta), which means to be sound, healthy, or whole. This word is often used in the New Testament to describe physical healing, but it also carries a connotation of spiritual wholeness. The servant's restoration to health is a testament to the power of Jesus' word, even from a distance, and serves as a powerful witness to the centurion's faith. The centurion's faith is remarkable because he believed in Jesus' authority to heal without needing His physical presence, reflecting a deep understanding of Jesus' divine power. This miraculous healing underscores the theme of faith and authority that runs throughout the Gospel of Luke, illustrating that faith in Jesus transcends cultural and social boundaries, as seen in the centurion, a Roman officer, who is not part of the Jewish community yet exhibits profound faith.

Soon afterward
This phrase indicates a sequence of events, suggesting that what follows is directly connected to the preceding narrative. In the context of Luke, this follows the healing of the centurion's servant, showcasing Jesus' growing ministry and the increasing momentum of His miraculous works. The Greek word used here, "ἐγένετο" (egeneto), often denotes a transition or a new phase, emphasizing the unfolding of Jesus' mission.

Jesus
The central figure of the Gospel, Jesus is portrayed as the Messiah, the Son of God, whose earthly ministry is characterized by teaching, healing, and compassion. The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation," underscoring His divine purpose to bring salvation to humanity.

went to a town called Nain
Nain is a small town in Galilee, not frequently mentioned in historical texts, which highlights the humility and accessibility of Jesus' ministry. The choice of Nain, a relatively obscure location, reflects the inclusivity of Jesus' message, reaching out to all, regardless of their social or geographical standing. The journey to Nain also signifies Jesus' intentional movement towards those in need, as the subsequent verses reveal a miraculous encounter.

and His disciples
The disciples are those who have chosen to follow Jesus, learning from His teachings and witnessing His miracles. The Greek term "μαθηταί" (mathētai) implies learners or students, indicating their role in absorbing and later disseminating Jesus' teachings. Their presence with Jesus in Nain signifies their commitment and the communal aspect of Jesus' ministry.

and a large crowd
The mention of a large crowd highlights the growing popularity and influence of Jesus. People were drawn to Him for various reasons, including His teachings, miracles, and the hope He represented. This crowd symbolizes the diverse group of individuals seeking truth, healing, and redemption, reflecting the universal appeal of Jesus' message.

went with Him
This phrase emphasizes the movement and dynamic nature of Jesus' ministry. The Greek word "συνεπορεύοντο" (syneporeuonto) suggests a journey or pilgrimage, indicating that following Jesus is an active, ongoing process. It also reflects the communal aspect of faith, as both disciples and the crowd are united in their pursuit of Jesus, illustrating the collective journey of believers towards spiritual enlightenment and transformation.

As He approached the gate of the town
This phrase sets the scene for the miraculous event that is about to unfold. The "gate of the town" was a significant location in ancient cities, often serving as a place of gathering, commerce, and legal matters. In the context of Luke 7:12, it symbolizes a threshold between life and death, as Jesus is about to encounter a funeral procession. The Greek word for "gate" (πύλη, pylē) can also imply an entryway to new beginnings, foreshadowing the life-giving miracle Jesus is about to perform.

a dead man was being carried out
This phrase introduces the central figure of the narrative, a "dead man." In Jewish culture, the dead were typically buried outside the city to maintain ceremonial cleanliness. The act of "being carried out" indicates a funeral procession, a moment of deep sorrow and communal mourning. The Greek word for "dead" (νεκρός, nekros) emphasizes the finality of death, setting the stage for the extraordinary power of Jesus over life and death.

the only son of his mother
This phrase highlights the depth of the tragedy. The "only son" (μονογενής, monogenēs) signifies not just the loss of a child but the loss of the mother's future security and lineage. In ancient Jewish society, sons were responsible for the care of their widowed mothers. This detail underscores the mother's vulnerability and the magnitude of her loss, making the miracle that follows even more poignant.

and she was a widow
The mention of the mother being "a widow" adds another layer of desperation to the situation. Widows in biblical times were often left without financial support or social standing, relying heavily on their children for survival. The Greek word for "widow" (χήρα, chēra) conveys a sense of isolation and helplessness, highlighting the compassion of Jesus as He intervenes in her dire circumstances.

And a large crowd from the town was with her
This phrase indicates the communal nature of the mourning process. The "large crowd" (ὄχλος, ochlos) reflects the shared grief and support of the community, as well as the public nature of the miracle that is about to occur. The presence of many witnesses serves to authenticate the miracle and spread the news of Jesus' divine authority and compassion throughout the region.

When the Lord saw her
This phrase introduces us to the compassionate nature of Jesus, who is referred to as "the Lord," emphasizing His divine authority and sovereignty. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδεν" (eiden), which implies not just a physical seeing but a deep perception and understanding. Jesus' ability to see beyond the surface reflects His omniscience and His intimate knowledge of human suffering. In the historical context, this encounter takes place in Nain, a small town in Galilee, highlighting Jesus' ministry to those in less prominent areas, demonstrating that His compassion extends to all, regardless of their social status or location.

He had compassion on her
The Greek word for "compassion" is "ἐσπλαγχνίσθη" (esplanchnisthē), which is derived from the word for "bowels" or "innards," indicating a deep, visceral empathy. This term is used in the Gospels to describe Jesus' profound emotional response to human suffering. In a conservative Christian perspective, this compassion is not merely an emotional reaction but a reflection of God's love and mercy. Jesus' compassion is active and transformative, leading to miraculous interventions. Historically, widows in ancient Jewish society were often vulnerable and marginalized, and Jesus' compassion for the widow of Nain underscores His concern for the oppressed and His role as a defender of the defenseless.

and said, Do not weep
The phrase "Do not weep" is a command that carries both comfort and authority. The Greek word for "weep" is "κλαίε" (klaie), which denotes a loud, mournful crying typical of funeral lamentations in Jewish culture. Jesus' directive to cease weeping is not dismissive but rather anticipatory of the miracle He is about to perform. It reflects His power over life and death and His ability to bring hope in the midst of despair. In the broader scriptural context, this command echoes the eschatological promise found in Revelation 21:4, where God will wipe away every tear, pointing to the ultimate hope and restoration found in Christ.

He went up
In this phrase, we see Jesus taking the initiative to approach the situation. The Greek word used here is "προσελθών" (proselthōn), which means to come near or approach. This action signifies Jesus' willingness to engage with those in need, reflecting His compassionate nature. Historically, this act of approaching the dead would have been considered ceremonially unclean according to Jewish law, yet Jesus transcends these boundaries, emphasizing His authority over life and death.

and touched the coffin
The act of touching the coffin is significant. The Greek word for "touched" is "ἥψατο" (hēpsato), which implies a deliberate and purposeful action. In Jewish culture, touching a coffin or anything associated with death would render a person unclean (Numbers 19:11). However, Jesus' touch is transformative, not defiling. This action demonstrates His power to purify and bring life, overriding the laws of ritual impurity.

and those carrying it stood still
The immediate response of the bearers to stand still upon Jesus' touch indicates the authority and presence of Jesus. The Greek word "ἔστησαν" (estēsan) means to stop or stand firm. This reaction underscores the respect and awe that Jesus commanded, even in a moment of mourning. It also sets the stage for the miraculous event that is about to unfold, highlighting the anticipation and attention of the crowd.

Young man
The address "Young man" is personal and direct. The Greek term "νεανίσκε" (neaniske) refers to a young man, often implying vigor and potential. By addressing the young man directly, Jesus acknowledges his identity and worth, even in death. This personal address signifies that Jesus sees beyond the physical state to the soul, affirming the value of each individual.

I say to you
The phrase "I say to you" emphasizes the authority of Jesus' words. The Greek "λέγω σοι" (legō soi) is a declaration of power. In the context of the Gospels, when Jesus speaks, creation responds. This phrase is a reminder of the divine authority of Christ, echoing the creative power of God who spoke the world into existence.

get up!
The command "get up" is a call to life. The Greek word "ἐγέρθητι" (egerthēti) is an imperative, meaning to rise or awaken. This command not only signifies physical resurrection but also symbolizes spiritual awakening. In the broader scriptural context, it reflects the hope of resurrection and new life that Jesus offers to all who believe. This moment is a foretaste of the ultimate resurrection that Jesus promises, showcasing His victory over death.

And the dead man
The phrase "the dead man" refers to the young man from the town of Nain, who had passed away and was being carried out for burial. In the original Greek, the word for "dead" is "νεκρός" (nekros), which signifies a lifeless body, emphasizing the finality and hopelessness of death. This sets the stage for the miraculous nature of what Jesus is about to do, highlighting His power over life and death, a power that only God possesses. In the cultural context of first-century Judea, death was a profound and communal event, often involving public mourning and processions, which underscores the public nature of this miracle.

sat up
The act of sitting up is a physical demonstration of life returning to the young man. The Greek word "ἀνέκαθισεν" (anekathisen) is used here, which means to sit up or rise. This action is immediate and visible, serving as undeniable evidence of the miracle. In the context of the Gospel, this act symbolizes the power of Jesus to reverse the irreversible, to bring life where there was death, and to restore hope where there was despair. It is a foretaste of the resurrection power that Jesus Himself will demonstrate and offer to all believers.

and began to speak!
The young man's speaking is a further confirmation of his restored life. In the Greek, "ἤρξατο λαλεῖν" (ērxato lalein) indicates that he began to speak, suggesting a return to normalcy and consciousness. Speech is a sign of life and presence of mind, and in the biblical narrative, it often signifies the restoration of relationship and community. This detail emphasizes the completeness of the miracle—Jesus not only restores physical life but also the ability to communicate and interact, which is essential for human connection and community.

Then Jesus gave him back to his mother
This phrase highlights the compassion and personal nature of Jesus' miracles. The Greek word "ἔδωκεν" (edōken) means "gave," indicating an intentional and generous act. By giving the young man back to his mother, Jesus restores not only a life but also a family and a future. In the historical and cultural context, a widow losing her only son would face significant social and economic challenges, as sons were often the primary providers. Jesus' act is not only a miracle of life but also an act of social restoration and compassion, reflecting the heart of God for the vulnerable and marginalized. This miracle serves as a powerful testament to Jesus' authority and His deep empathy for human suffering, offering hope and assurance to all who trust in Him.

A great prophet
The phrase "a great prophet" reflects the people's recognition of Jesus as a significant figure in the tradition of the Old Testament prophets. In the Greek, the word for prophet is "προφήτης" (prophētēs), which means one who speaks forth by the inspiration of God. Historically, prophets were seen as God's messengers, delivering His word to the people. The crowd's declaration acknowledges Jesus' authority and divine connection, reminiscent of prophets like Elijah and Elisha, who also performed miracles. This recognition is significant as it shows the people's growing awareness of Jesus' divine mission, even if they do not yet fully understand His identity as the Messiah.

has appeared among us
The phrase "has appeared among us" indicates the physical presence and manifestation of Jesus in their midst. The Greek word used here is "ἐγήγερται" (egegertai), which can mean to rise or to appear. This suggests not only a physical presence but also a divine intervention in their lives. The historical context is important here, as the Jewish people were longing for a deliverer during Roman occupation. The appearance of a prophet was seen as a sign of hope and divine favor, echoing the times when God sent prophets to guide and deliver Israel.

God has visited His people
This phrase is deeply significant, as it implies a divine visitation and intervention. The Greek word for "visited" is "ἐπεσκέψατο" (epeskepsato), which means to look upon in order to help or benefit. This is a powerful acknowledgment of God's active role in the lives of His people. In the Old Testament, God's visitation often brought deliverance or judgment. Here, it signifies God's mercy and compassion, as Jesus' miracles and teachings bring healing and hope. This phrase also foreshadows the ultimate visitation of God through the incarnation of Jesus Christ, who came to redeem humanity.

They were all filled with awe
The phrase "They were all filled with awe" captures the reaction of the people to the miraculous events they witnessed. The Greek word for awe is "φόβος" (phobos), which can mean fear, reverence, or respect. This response is typical in biblical accounts of divine encounters, where the presence and power of God evoke a profound sense of wonder and reverence. This awe is not just fear but a recognition of the holy and the divine at work, prompting the people to glorify God. It reflects a moment of spiritual awakening and acknowledgment of God's majesty and authority.

and glorified God
The phrase "and glorified God" indicates the people's response of praise and worship. The Greek word "ἐδόξαζον" (edoxazon) means to honor or magnify. This response is a natural outcome of witnessing God's power and mercy. In the biblical context, glorifying God is an act of acknowledging His greatness and giving Him the honor due to His name. This phrase highlights the appropriate response to divine intervention—praise and worship. It serves as a reminder for believers to continually recognize and glorify God for His works in their lives, fostering a spirit of gratitude and reverence.

This news
The phrase "this news" refers to the reports of Jesus' miraculous works, particularly the raising of the widow's son in Nain, which had just occurred. In the Greek, the word used is "logos," which can mean word, message, or report. This highlights the power of spoken testimony in spreading the Gospel. Historically, oral tradition was a primary means of communication, and the rapid spread of news about Jesus' miracles underscores the impact of His ministry on the people of that time.

about Jesus
The focus here is on Jesus, the central figure of the Gospel. The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This emphasizes His role as the Savior and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies. In the context of Luke's Gospel, Jesus is portrayed as the compassionate and powerful Messiah, whose actions and teachings reveal the nature of God's kingdom.

spread
The Greek word "exerchomai" is used here, meaning to go out or spread abroad. This indicates the dynamic and unstoppable nature of the Gospel message. The early Christian movement was characterized by its rapid expansion, driven by the transformative power of Jesus' life and works. The spreading of this news is a testament to the compelling nature of Jesus' ministry and the work of the Holy Spirit in disseminating the truth.

throughout Judea
Judea was the southern region of ancient Israel, a significant area in Jewish history and culture. It was the heartland of Jewish religious life, containing Jerusalem and the Temple. The mention of Judea signifies the initial geographical focus of Jesus' ministry and the fulfillment of God's promises to His chosen people. It also sets the stage for the Gospel's eventual spread to the Gentiles, as foretold in the Scriptures.

and all the surrounding region
This phrase indicates the broader impact of Jesus' ministry beyond Judea. The surrounding region would include areas like Galilee and Samaria, highlighting the inclusive nature of Jesus' mission. The Gospel's reach into these areas foreshadows the universal scope of Christ's message, breaking down barriers between Jews and Gentiles and fulfilling the Great Commission to make disciples of all nations. This expansion reflects the early church's mission and the transformative power of the Gospel to transcend cultural and geographical boundaries.

Then
The word "then" serves as a transitional term, indicating a sequence of events. In the Greek, it is often translated from "καὶ" (kai), which can mean "and" or "then," depending on the context. This word connects the preceding narrative, where Jesus performed miracles and taught the people, to the current action involving John's disciples. It emphasizes the continuity of the Gospel narrative and the unfolding revelation of Jesus' ministry.

the disciples of John
This phrase refers to the followers of John the Baptist, a significant prophetic figure who prepared the way for Jesus. The Greek word for "disciples" is "μαθηταί" (mathētai), meaning learners or students. John's disciples were dedicated to his teachings and mission, which focused on repentance and the coming of the Messiah. Historically, John the Baptist had a substantial following, and his disciples were known for their ascetic practices and commitment to his message.

reported to him
The act of reporting is captured by the Greek word "ἀπήγγειλαν" (apēngeilan), meaning to announce or declare. This indicates that John's disciples were actively communicating the events they witnessed or heard about. The context suggests a sense of urgency and importance in their message, as they were conveying significant developments in Jesus' ministry to John, who was imprisoned at the time.

about all these things
This phrase encompasses the miracles and teachings of Jesus that had been occurring, as described earlier in the chapter. The Greek "περὶ πάντων τούτων" (peri pantōn toutōn) suggests a comprehensive report, indicating that John's disciples were thorough in their account. The "things" likely include Jesus healing the centurion's servant and raising the widow's son, both of which demonstrated His authority and compassion. This report would have been of great interest to John, who was awaiting confirmation of Jesus' identity as the Messiah.

and sent them
This phrase indicates an action taken by John the Baptist, who, despite being imprisoned, remains active in his ministry. The Greek word for "sent" is "ἀπέστειλεν" (apesteilen), which is derived from "apostellō," meaning to send forth with a specific purpose. This reflects John's continued commitment to his mission, even when he is physically constrained. It underscores the importance of seeking truth and clarity in faith, a principle that resonates throughout the New Testament.

to the Lord
The term "Lord" here is "Κύριος" (Kyrios) in Greek, a title of respect and authority. In the context of the New Testament, it is often used to refer to Jesus, acknowledging His divine authority and messianic role. This title reflects the early Christian understanding of Jesus as both Master and God, a central tenet of Christian belief that affirms His sovereignty and divinity.

to ask
The Greek word "ἐρωτήσῃ" (erōtēsē) implies a request for information or clarification. This action highlights the importance of inquiry in the faith journey. It is a reminder that questions and doubts are natural and can lead to deeper understanding and stronger faith. John's inquiry through his disciples shows humility and a desire for confirmation, which is a model for believers to seek truth earnestly.

Are You the One who was to come
This phrase is a direct reference to the messianic expectations rooted in Old Testament prophecies. The Greek "ὁ ἐρχόμενος" (ho erchomenos) translates to "the Coming One," a title for the Messiah. This reflects the anticipation of a deliverer as foretold in scriptures like Isaiah 35:4-6 and Malachi 3:1. John's question is profound, as it seeks to confirm Jesus' identity as the fulfillment of these prophecies, a cornerstone of Christian faith.

or should we look for someone else?
The phrase "ἕτερον προσδοκῶμεν" (heteron prosdokōmen) suggests the possibility of another coming. This reflects the uncertainty and varied expectations of the Messiah during that time. It highlights the human tendency to doubt and the need for reassurance. John's question invites reflection on the nature of faith and the importance of recognizing Jesus as the true Messiah, encouraging believers to trust in God's promises and timing.

When the men came to Jesus
This phrase sets the scene for a significant encounter. The "men" referred to here are disciples of John the Baptist. In the historical context, John the Baptist was a pivotal figure, preparing the way for Jesus. His disciples coming to Jesus signifies a bridge between the old covenant and the new. The Greek word for "came" (ἦλθον, ēlthon) implies a purposeful journey, indicating the importance of their mission. This moment underscores the transition from anticipation to fulfillment in the messianic expectation.

they said
The act of speaking here is crucial. In the biblical narrative, words are powerful and often carry divine authority. The Greek word for "said" (εἶπαν, eipan) is used frequently in the New Testament to denote not just casual conversation but declarations of significance. This phrase highlights the role of communication in revealing divine truth and the importance of testimony in the Christian faith.

John the Baptist sent us
John the Baptist is a central prophetic figure, and his sending of disciples to Jesus is laden with meaning. The Greek word for "sent" (ἀπέστειλεν, apesteilen) is related to the term "apostle," meaning one who is sent with a mission. This indicates John's recognition of Jesus' authority and his own role as a forerunner. Historically, John was imprisoned at this time, which adds urgency and poignancy to his inquiry through his disciples.

to ask
The act of asking is a demonstration of humility and a desire for understanding. The Greek word (ἐρωτήσῃ, erōtēsē) implies a respectful inquiry, not a challenge. This reflects the genuine search for truth that characterizes the followers of John and, by extension, all who seek Jesus. It is a model for how believers should approach God—with questions born of faith and a desire for deeper knowledge.

‘Are You the One who was to come
This question is at the heart of messianic expectation. The phrase "the One who was to come" is a direct reference to the promised Messiah, anticipated throughout the Old Testament. The Greek phrase (ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ho erchomenos) is rich with prophetic significance, echoing passages like Malachi 3:1 and Isaiah 40:3. It encapsulates the hope of Israel for deliverance and restoration.

or should we look for someone else?
This part of the inquiry reveals a tension between expectation and reality. The Greek word for "look" (προσδοκῶμεν, prosdokōmen) suggests an active, hopeful waiting. It acknowledges the possibility of misunderstanding or incomplete revelation. This question invites reflection on the nature of faith and the challenge of recognizing God's work in unexpected ways. It encourages believers to remain open to God's unfolding plan, even when it defies human expectations.

At that very hour
This phrase indicates a specific moment in time, emphasizing the immediacy and divine timing of Jesus' actions. The Greek word for "hour" (ὥρα, hōra) can denote a particular time or season, suggesting that Jesus' miracles were not random but orchestrated according to God's perfect plan. This highlights the sovereignty of God in the unfolding of His redemptive work through Christ.

He healed many people
The act of healing is central to Jesus' ministry, demonstrating His compassion and divine authority. The Greek word for "healed" (ἰάομαι, iaomai) implies not just physical restoration but also spiritual and emotional wholeness. This reflects the holistic nature of Jesus' mission, addressing the totality of human brokenness and pointing to the ultimate healing found in salvation.

of diseases, afflictions, and evil spirits
This phrase encompasses the various forms of suffering that Jesus addressed. "Diseases" (νόσοι, nosoi) refers to physical ailments, while "afflictions" (βασάνοις, basanois) can imply severe distress or torment, possibly of a psychological nature. "Evil spirits" (πνεύματα πονηρά, pneumata ponēra) indicates demonic oppression, showcasing Jesus' authority over the spiritual realm. Together, these terms illustrate the comprehensive scope of Jesus' power to deliver humanity from all forms of bondage.

and He gave sight to many who were blind
The restoration of sight is both a literal and metaphorical act. Physically, it demonstrates Jesus' miraculous power over creation. Spiritually, it symbolizes enlightenment and the revelation of truth. The Greek word for "gave sight" (χαρίζομαι, charizomai) suggests a gracious gift, underscoring the unmerited favor bestowed upon those who receive spiritual insight. This act foreshadows the greater spiritual awakening that Jesus brings to those who are spiritually blind, opening their eyes to the reality of God's kingdom.

So He replied
This phrase indicates a direct response from Jesus, emphasizing His authority and intentionality in addressing the question posed by John the Baptist's disciples. The Greek word for "replied" (ἀποκρίνομαι, apokrinomai) suggests a thoughtful and deliberate answer, underscoring the importance of the message that follows. In the context of first-century Judea, a reply from a rabbi or teacher carried significant weight, often seen as a definitive teaching moment.

Go back and report to John
Here, Jesus instructs the messengers to return to John the Baptist with a specific message. The directive "Go back" (πορεύομαι, poreuomai) implies a journey or mission, highlighting the importance of the task. The word "report" (ἀπαγγέλλω, apaggellō) means to announce or declare, indicating that the message is not just for John’s information but is a proclamation of truth. This reflects the practice of messengers in ancient times who were entrusted with conveying critical information accurately.

what you have seen and heard
This phrase emphasizes the empirical evidence of Jesus' ministry. The words "seen" (ὁράω, horaō) and "heard" (ἀκούω, akouō) point to the tangible and audible experiences of the messengers. In the Jewish tradition, witnessing was a crucial aspect of establishing truth, as seen in Deuteronomy 19:15, which requires two or three witnesses to confirm a matter. Jesus appeals to this tradition, providing a solid foundation for His messianic identity.

The blind receive sight
This miraculous act fulfills the messianic prophecy found in Isaiah 35:5, which speaks of the eyes of the blind being opened. The Greek word for "receive sight" (ἀναβλέπω, anablepō) means to look up or regain sight, symbolizing not only physical healing but also spiritual enlightenment. In the historical context, blindness was often seen as a metaphor for spiritual ignorance, and Jesus' healing acts as a sign of His divine authority to bring light to a darkened world.

the lame walk
This miracle also aligns with Isaiah 35:6, where the lame are said to leap like a deer. The Greek word for "walk" (περιπατέω, peripateō) implies not just the ability to move but to live and conduct one's life. In a society where physical disability often led to marginalization, Jesus' healing of the lame signifies restoration and inclusion, reflecting the kingdom of God’s values of wholeness and community.

those with leprosy are cleansed
Leprosy, a term used for various skin diseases, rendered individuals ceremonially unclean according to Levitical law (Leviticus 13-14). The Greek word for "cleansed" (καθαρίζω, katharizō) means to purify or make clean, indicating both physical healing and spiritual restoration. Jesus' cleansing of lepers demonstrates His power over impurity and His role in restoring individuals to both health and community.

the deaf hear
This miracle fulfills Isaiah 29:18, where the ears of the deaf are unstopped. The Greek word for "hear" (ἀκούω, akouō) signifies not only the physical ability to hear but also the capacity to understand and respond. In the biblical context, hearing is often associated with obedience and faith, as seen in Romans 10:17, where faith comes by hearing the word of Christ.

the dead are raised
Raising the dead is the ultimate demonstration of Jesus' divine power and authority over life and death. The Greek word for "raised" (ἐγείρω, egeirō) means to awaken or lift up, symbolizing resurrection and new life. This act prefigures Jesus' own resurrection and serves as a powerful testament to His identity as the Son of God, who has the power to grant eternal life.

and the good news is proclaimed to the poor
The proclamation of the "good news" (εὐαγγελίζω, euangelizō) to the poor fulfills Isaiah 61:1, where the anointed one brings good tidings to the afflicted. The term "poor" (πτωχός, ptōchos) refers not only to those lacking material wealth but also to the spiritually humble and needy. Jesus' ministry prioritizes the marginalized, emphasizing the inclusivity of the gospel and the kingdom of God, where the last shall be first (Matthew 20:16).

Blessed
The Greek word used here is "makarios," which conveys a sense of happiness or being fortunate. In the biblical context, it often refers to a state of spiritual well-being and prosperity. This blessing is not merely a superficial happiness but a deep-seated joy that comes from being in right relationship with God. The use of "blessed" here echoes the Beatitudes in Matthew 5, where Jesus describes the characteristics of those who are truly blessed in the kingdom of God. It suggests a divine favor that transcends earthly circumstances.

is the one
This phrase indicates an individual, emphasizing personal responsibility and choice. In the context of Jesus' ministry, it underscores the personal decision each person must make in response to His message and identity. The singular form highlights that this blessing is available to each person who chooses to follow Christ, regardless of their background or status.

who does not fall away
The Greek word "skandalizō" is used here, which can mean to stumble, fall, or be offended. It implies a spiritual stumbling block or a cause for falling into sin or disbelief. In the context of Jesus' ministry, many were challenged by His teachings and actions, which often contradicted societal norms and religious expectations. This phrase serves as a warning and encouragement to remain steadfast in faith, even when Jesus' ways are difficult to understand or accept.

on account of Me
This phrase points directly to Jesus as the potential cause of stumbling. It acknowledges that following Christ may lead to challenges, misunderstandings, or persecution. Historically, Jesus' claims to divinity and His radical teachings were a stumbling block for many, including the religious leaders of His time. This phrase calls believers to a deeper commitment, recognizing that true discipleship may involve trials and the need to trust in Jesus' wisdom and authority, even when it defies human logic or tradition.

After John's messengers had left
This phrase sets the scene for the events that follow. John the Baptist, a pivotal figure in the New Testament, had sent messengers to Jesus to inquire if He was the expected Messiah. The departure of these messengers marks a transition in the narrative. Historically, John was imprisoned by Herod Antipas, and his disciples were his link to the outside world. This context underscores the urgency and importance of their mission. The Greek word for "messengers" is "ἀγγέλους" (angelous), which can also mean "angels" or "envoys," highlighting their role as carriers of a divine message.

Jesus began to speak to the crowds about John
Here, Jesus addresses the crowd, shifting the focus from the private inquiry of John's disciples to a public teaching moment. The Greek word for "crowds" is "ὄχλοις" (ochlois), indicating a large gathering of people, which was common in Jesus' ministry. This setting emphasizes the significance of John's role and the message Jesus is about to convey. Jesus' public endorsement of John serves to affirm John's prophetic ministry and prepare the people for the revelation of Jesus' own identity and mission.

What did you go out into the wilderness to see?
Jesus poses a rhetorical question to the crowd, prompting them to reflect on their motivations and expectations. The "wilderness" (Greek: "ἔρημον," erēmon) is significant in biblical history as a place of testing, revelation, and encounter with God. It recalls the Israelites' journey through the desert and John’s own ministry in the wilderness, where he called people to repentance. This question challenges the audience to consider the true nature of John's prophetic role and the spiritual hunger that drew them to him.

A reed swaying in the wind?
This metaphorical question contrasts the steadfastness of John with the image of a "reed" (Greek: "κάλαμον," kalamon) easily moved by the wind. In the ancient world, reeds were common along the Jordan River, where John baptized. The imagery suggests instability and lack of conviction, which is the opposite of John's character. By using this metaphor, Jesus highlights John's unwavering commitment to his prophetic mission, despite external pressures and personal hardships.

Otherwise, what did you go out to see?
This phrase challenges the audience to reflect on their expectations and motivations. In the Greek, the word for "see" (ἰδεῖν, idein) implies more than just physical sight; it suggests understanding or perceiving. Jesus is prompting the crowd to consider the deeper significance of John the Baptist's ministry. Historically, John was a prophet who lived in the wilderness, and his appearance and lifestyle were starkly different from societal norms. This question encourages introspection about the true nature of spiritual leadership and the values that should be sought.

A man dressed in fine clothes?
The reference to "fine clothes" (μαλακοῖς, malakois) contrasts with John the Baptist's known attire of camel's hair and a leather belt (Matthew 3:4). In the cultural context of the time, fine clothing was associated with wealth, status, and often, the ruling class. Jesus uses this imagery to highlight the stark difference between worldly expectations of grandeur and the humble, yet powerful, presence of John. This serves as a reminder that God's messengers may not conform to societal standards of success or appearance.

Look, those who wear fine clothes and indulge in luxury
The word "look" (ἰδοὺ, idou) is an imperative, drawing attention to a truth that might be overlooked. The phrase "indulge in luxury" (τρυφῇ, tryphē) suggests a life of ease and self-indulgence, often disconnected from the hardships and realities faced by the common people. In the historical context, such individuals were typically found in the courts of kings or among the elite. Jesus is emphasizing that true prophetic authority and spiritual insight are not dependent on external appearances or material wealth.

are found in palaces
Palaces (βασιλείοις, basileiois) were the residences of royalty and the wealthy elite, symbolizing power, privilege, and often, corruption. By stating that those who wear fine clothes are found in palaces, Jesus underscores the contrast between the worldly kingdom and the Kingdom of God. This serves as a critique of the societal structures that equate material wealth with divine favor. In the biblical narrative, God's messengers often come from humble beginnings, challenging the status quo and calling people to repentance and transformation.

But what did you go out to see?
This phrase challenges the audience to reflect on their intentions and expectations. The Greek word for "see" (ἰδεῖν, idein) implies more than just physical sight; it suggests understanding or perceiving. Jesus is prompting the crowd to consider the deeper significance of their actions and the person they went to witness. This introspective question encourages believers to examine their own motivations in seeking spiritual truth and guidance.

A prophet?
The term "prophet" (προφήτης, prophētēs) in the Jewish tradition refers to someone who speaks on behalf of God, often delivering messages of warning, hope, or instruction. Prophets were revered figures in Israel's history, seen as God's mouthpieces. By asking if they went to see a prophet, Jesus acknowledges John the Baptist's role in this esteemed line, affirming his divine mission and authority.

Yes, I tell you
This affirmation by Jesus underscores the certainty and importance of His statement. The Greek word for "yes" (ναί, nai) is a strong affirmation, emphasizing the truth of what follows. Jesus is not merely offering an opinion but is declaring a divine truth. This assurance from Christ invites believers to trust in His words and the revelations He provides.

and more than a prophet
Here, Jesus elevates John the Baptist's status beyond that of a traditional prophet. The phrase "more than" (περισσότερον, perissoteron) suggests an additional, greater role. John is not only a prophet but also the forerunner of the Messiah, fulfilling the prophecy of Malachi 3:1. This distinction highlights the unique and pivotal role John plays in God's redemptive plan, preparing the way for Jesus. It serves as a reminder of the unfolding of God's promises and the significance of each individual's role in His divine narrative.

This is the one about whom it is written
This phrase introduces a prophetic fulfillment, indicating that the events or person being discussed were foretold in Scripture. The phrase "it is written" is a common biblical expression used to reference the authority and reliability of the Scriptures. In this context, it underscores the divine orchestration of events and the fulfillment of God's promises. The use of "written" (Greek: γέγραπται, gegraptai) emphasizes the permanence and unchangeable nature of God's word.

‘Behold
The word "Behold" (Greek: ἰδού, idou) is an imperative that calls for attention. It is often used in Scripture to draw the reader or listener's focus to something significant or to introduce a divine revelation. This word serves as a divine spotlight, highlighting the importance of the message that follows.

I will send My messenger ahead of You
This phrase is a direct reference to Malachi 3:1, where God promises to send a messenger to prepare the way. The "messenger" (Greek: ἄγγελος, angelos) is understood to be John the Baptist, who plays a pivotal role in preparing the people for the coming of Jesus. The phrase "ahead of You" indicates the preparatory work that John would do before the arrival of Jesus, emphasizing the divine plan and order in the unfolding of salvation history.

who will prepare Your way before You
The role of the messenger is to "prepare" (Greek: κατασκευάσει, kataskeuasei) the way, which involves making ready or setting things in order. This preparation is both spiritual and moral, calling people to repentance and readiness for the coming of the Lord. The "way" (Greek: ὁδόν, hodon) is a metaphor for the path or journey, often used in Scripture to describe the course of life or the direction of one's spiritual journey. The phrase "before You" reiterates the role of John the Baptist as the forerunner to Christ, emphasizing the divine mission and the fulfillment of prophecy.

I tell you
This phrase underscores the authority of Jesus as He speaks. In the Greek, "λέγω ὑμῖν" (legō hymin) is a direct assertion, emphasizing the truth and importance of what follows. Jesus often uses this phrase to introduce significant teachings, indicating that His words are not mere opinion but divine revelation. It is a call to listen and understand the weight of His message.

among those born of women
This expression is a Semitic idiom referring to all human beings. It highlights the humanity of John the Baptist, placing him within the context of human history. The phrase emphasizes the natural birth process, contrasting it with the spiritual rebirth that Jesus offers. It sets the stage for understanding John's greatness in human terms, yet also prepares the listener for the comparison with the kingdom of God.

there is no one greater than John
Here, Jesus acknowledges the unparalleled role of John the Baptist. Historically, John is the last of the Old Testament prophets and the forerunner of Christ, fulfilling the prophecy of Malachi 3:1. His greatness is not in worldly power or wealth but in his unique mission to prepare the way for the Messiah. The Greek word "μείζων" (meizōn) indicates superiority in rank or importance, affirming John's pivotal role in salvation history.

yet even the least
This phrase introduces a paradox central to the teachings of Jesus. The Greek word "ἐλάχιστος" (elachistos) means the smallest or least significant. In the kingdom of God, earthly measures of greatness are upended. This statement challenges the listener to reconsider what true greatness means in the context of God's kingdom, where humility and servanthood are exalted.

in the kingdom of God
The "kingdom of God" is a central theme in Jesus' teaching, representing God's sovereign rule and the realm where His will is perfectly done. It is both a present reality and a future hope. The kingdom is characterized by righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit (Romans 14:17). This phrase invites believers to live under God's reign, experiencing the transformative power of His presence.

is greater than he
This concluding phrase highlights the radical nature of the kingdom of God. The Greek word "μείζων" (meizōn) is used again, but now in a spiritual context. Even the least in the kingdom surpasses John in privilege and position because they participate in the new covenant through Christ. This statement reflects the profound truth that spiritual rebirth and citizenship in God's kingdom confer a greater status than any earthly role or achievement.

All the people who heard this
This phrase sets the scene for a collective response to Jesus' words. The Greek word for "people" here is "laos," which often refers to the general populace, distinct from religious leaders. The inclusivity of "all" emphasizes the widespread impact of Jesus' message. Historically, this reflects a time when Jesus' teachings were reaching beyond the religious elite to the common people, indicating a shift in spiritual accessibility.

even the tax collectors
Tax collectors, or "telōnai" in Greek, were often despised in Jewish society for their collaboration with the Roman occupiers and their reputation for corruption. The inclusion of tax collectors highlights the radical nature of Jesus' ministry, which reached out to those marginalized and considered sinners. This phrase underscores the transformative power of Jesus' message, capable of reaching and changing even those considered morally compromised.

acknowledged God’s justice
The Greek word for "acknowledged" is "edikaiōsan," which can also mean "justified" or "declared righteous." This acknowledgment is not merely intellectual assent but a profound recognition of God's righteous standards. "God’s justice" refers to His righteous judgment and the fulfillment of His promises. In the context of Luke, this acknowledgment signifies a turning point where individuals recognize the divine authority and truth in Jesus' message, aligning themselves with God's righteous plan.

for they had received the baptism of John
The phrase "received the baptism of John" connects the people's response to the preparatory work of John the Baptist. John's baptism was one of repentance, preparing the way for Jesus. The Greek word "baptisma" signifies an immersion, symbolizing a profound inner transformation. This historical context shows that those who had undergone John's baptism were already primed for Jesus' message, having repented and turned towards God. It highlights the continuity in God's redemptive plan, where John's ministry laid the groundwork for the acceptance of Jesus' teachings.

But the Pharisees and experts in the law
This phrase identifies the religious leaders of the time, specifically the Pharisees and the scribes or "experts in the law." The Pharisees were a Jewish sect known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses and the traditions of the elders. The "experts in the law" were scholars who interpreted and taught the Jewish law. Historically, these groups held significant influence over Jewish religious life and were often seen as the gatekeepers of religious orthodoxy. Their role was to guide the people in understanding and living according to the Torah. However, their focus on legalism often led to a spiritual blindness, preventing them from recognizing the new work God was doing through John the Baptist and Jesus.

rejected God’s purpose for themselves
The Greek word for "rejected" here is "ἀθετέω" (atheteo), which means to nullify, disregard, or set aside. This indicates a deliberate and conscious decision to refuse what God had intended for them. "God’s purpose" refers to His divine plan of salvation and repentance, which was being proclaimed through John the Baptist. The Pharisees and experts in the law, by rejecting John's baptism, were essentially rejecting the preparatory work for the coming of the Messiah. This highlights a tragic irony: those who were most knowledgeable about the Scriptures failed to recognize and accept God's unfolding plan.

because they had not been baptized by John
John the Baptist's baptism was one of repentance, preparing the way for the coming of Jesus. Baptism by John symbolized a public acknowledgment of one's sins and a commitment to a new way of life. The refusal of the Pharisees and experts in the law to be baptized by John was not merely a rejection of a ritual but a rejection of the call to repentance and transformation. This act of non-participation signified their unwillingness to humble themselves and acknowledge their need for repentance. In the broader scriptural context, baptism is a significant act of obedience and faith, symbolizing purification and the beginning of a new life in God. Their refusal to participate in this act demonstrated their resistance to the new covenant that God was establishing through Jesus Christ.

To what then can I compare the men of this generation?
In this phrase, Jesus begins with a rhetorical question, inviting His listeners to reflect on the nature of their own society. The Greek word for "compare" (ὁμοιόω, homoiō) suggests a likeness or analogy, indicating that Jesus is about to draw a parallel that will reveal deeper truths. The term "men of this generation" refers specifically to the people living during Jesus' time, particularly those who were skeptical or resistant to His message. Historically, this generation was marked by political unrest and religious rigidity, as the Jewish people were under Roman occupation and the Pharisees held significant influence over religious life. Jesus' question sets the stage for a critique of their spiritual blindness and stubbornness.

What are they like?
This phrase continues the rhetorical device, emphasizing the need for introspection among Jesus' audience. The Greek word for "like" (ὅμοιος, homoios) is related to the previous term "compare," reinforcing the idea of drawing a parallel. Jesus is about to provide a vivid illustration that will expose the spiritual condition of His contemporaries. In the broader scriptural context, this question challenges the listener to consider their own spiritual state and openness to God's work. It is a call to self-examination, urging individuals to recognize their need for repentance and faith.

They are like children
In this phrase, Jesus begins a parable to describe the generation's response to both John the Baptist and Himself. The Greek word for "children" here is "παιδίοις" (paidiois), which refers to young children, often emphasizing their immaturity and lack of understanding. In the cultural context of the time, children were seen as those who needed guidance and instruction, highlighting the spiritual immaturity of the people who failed to recognize the significance of John's and Jesus' ministries.

sitting in the marketplace
The "marketplace" or "ἀγορά" (agora) was the central public space in ancient towns where people gathered for various activities, including commerce, socializing, and public discourse. This setting is significant as it represents a place of public interaction and decision-making. Jesus uses this imagery to illustrate how the people, despite being in a place where they could hear and respond to the message, remain indifferent and unresponsive.

calling out to one another
The phrase "calling out" comes from the Greek "προσφωνοῦντα" (prosphonounta), which means to address or speak to someone. This action of calling out signifies an attempt to communicate or engage with others. In the context of the parable, it reflects the efforts of both John and Jesus to reach out to the people with their messages of repentance and salvation.

‘We played the flute for you
The act of playing the flute, "αὐλέω" (auleo), is symbolic of a joyful or celebratory invitation. In ancient Jewish culture, music was often associated with weddings and celebrations. Here, it represents the joyful message of the kingdom of God that Jesus brought. However, the people's lack of response to this joyous call highlights their spiritual deafness and unwillingness to embrace the good news.

and you did not dance
"Dance" or "ὀρχέομαι" (orcheomai) signifies a response to music, typically one of joy and celebration. The absence of dancing indicates a refusal to participate or engage with the message being offered. This lack of response to Jesus' message of joy and salvation underscores the people's stubbornness and resistance to change.

we sang a dirge
A "dirge" or "θρηνέω" (threneo) is a lament or mournful song, often associated with funerals. This contrasts with the previous joyful imagery and represents the somber message of repentance and judgment that John the Baptist preached. The use of both joyful and mournful imagery in the parable highlights the comprehensive nature of God's message, which includes both celebration and repentance.

and you did not weep.’
To "weep" or "κλαίω" (klaio) is to express sorrow or repentance. The failure to weep in response to the dirge signifies a lack of contrition or acknowledgment of sin. This reflects the people's hard-heartedness and unwillingness to repent despite the clear call to do so through John's ministry. The overall message of the verse is a critique of the generation's spiritual apathy and their failure to respond appropriately to God's diverse and persistent calls to them.

For John the Baptist
John the Baptist is a pivotal figure in the New Testament, known for his role as the forerunner to Jesus Christ. His life and ministry were prophesied in the Old Testament, notably in Isaiah 40:3, which speaks of a voice calling in the wilderness. John’s mission was to prepare the way for the Lord, calling people to repentance. His austere lifestyle and prophetic message were reminiscent of the Old Testament prophets, particularly Elijah, with whom he is often compared. His dedication to his calling is a testament to his faith and obedience to God.

came neither eating bread nor drinking wine
This phrase highlights John’s ascetic lifestyle, which was marked by simplicity and self-denial. In the context of first-century Judaism, bread and wine were staples of the diet, symbolizing sustenance and joy. By abstaining from these, John set himself apart, emphasizing his prophetic role and dedication to God’s mission. His lifestyle was a physical manifestation of his message of repentance and preparation for the coming Messiah. The Greek word for "came" (ἦλθεν) indicates his arrival and presence as a divinely appointed messenger.

and you say, ‘He has a demon!’
This accusation reflects the rejection and misunderstanding John faced from some of his contemporaries. In the cultural and religious context of the time, attributing someone’s actions to demonic influence was a way to discredit them. Despite John’s evident piety and prophetic authority, his unconventional lifestyle led some to dismiss him as possessed or mad. This reaction underscores the spiritual blindness and hardness of heart that Jesus often confronted in His ministry. It serves as a reminder of the resistance that true righteousness and divine truth can encounter in a fallen world.

The Son of Man
This title, "The Son of Man," is deeply rooted in the Old Testament, particularly in the book of Daniel 7:13-14, where it describes a messianic figure endowed with authority, glory, and sovereign power. In the New Testament, Jesus frequently uses this title to refer to Himself, emphasizing both His humanity and His divine mission. The phrase underscores the incarnation—God becoming man—and highlights Jesus' role as the representative of humanity, fulfilling the prophecies and expectations of the Messiah.

came eating and drinking
This phrase illustrates the normalcy and relatability of Jesus' life. Unlike John the Baptist, who led an ascetic lifestyle, Jesus participated in everyday activities, including eating and drinking. This behavior was significant in the cultural context of first-century Judea, where sharing meals was a sign of fellowship and acceptance. Jesus' willingness to engage in such activities demonstrates His approachability and His desire to connect with people from all walks of life, breaking down social barriers.

and you say
This phrase indicates the response of the religious leaders and the people who were critical of Jesus. It reflects the judgmental attitude of those who were unable to see beyond their preconceived notions of what the Messiah should be. Their criticism reveals a misunderstanding of Jesus' mission and a failure to recognize the fulfillment of God's promises through Him.

‘Look at this glutton and drunkard
These accusations were meant to discredit Jesus by associating Him with excess and immorality. The terms "glutton" and "drunkard" were serious charges, often used in the Old Testament to describe rebellious and disobedient behavior (Deuteronomy 21:20). However, these accusations were unfounded and stemmed from a superficial observation of Jesus' actions. They highlight the contrast between human judgment and divine truth, as Jesus' actions were motivated by love and a desire to reach the lost.

a friend of tax collectors and sinners!’
This phrase, though intended as a criticism, actually reveals a profound truth about Jesus' ministry. Tax collectors and sinners were marginalized and despised in Jewish society, often seen as traitors and morally corrupt. By befriending them, Jesus demonstrated the inclusive nature of God's kingdom and His mission to seek and save the lost (Luke 19:10). This friendship was not an endorsement of sin but a call to repentance and transformation. It underscores the radical grace and mercy of God, who reaches out to the outcasts and offers them a place in His family.

But
The conjunction "but" serves as a pivotal transition, contrasting the preceding statements about the rejection of John the Baptist and Jesus by the Pharisees and experts in the law. It introduces a divine truth that stands in opposition to human misunderstanding. In Greek, "but" is often translated from "δέ" (de), which indicates a shift in thought, emphasizing the importance of what follows.

wisdom
The term "wisdom" in Greek is "σοφία" (sophia), which in biblical context often refers to divine wisdom, a gift from God that leads to righteous living and understanding of His will. In the Old Testament, wisdom is personified, especially in the book of Proverbs, as a guiding force that leads to life and prosperity. Here, wisdom is depicted as having a tangible outcome, seen in the lives and actions of those who embrace it.

is vindicated
The Greek word for "vindicated" is "δικαιόω" (dikaioō), meaning to be justified or proven right. This suggests that true wisdom, though it may be questioned or rejected by some, ultimately proves its worth and truth through its results. In a historical context, this reflects the idea that God's wisdom, as revealed through Jesus and His teachings, will be shown to be true and righteous despite opposition.

by all
The phrase "by all" indicates the comprehensive nature of wisdom's vindication. It is not limited to a select few but is evident to all who observe its outcomes. This universality underscores the idea that divine wisdom transcends human limitations and biases, offering a truth that is accessible and recognizable to everyone.

her children
"Her children" refers to the outcomes or results of wisdom. In Greek, "children" is "τέκνα" (tekna), which can also mean followers or disciples. This metaphorical use suggests that the actions and lives of those who embrace divine wisdom serve as evidence of its truth. Historically, this can be seen in the early Christian community, whose transformed lives bore witness to the wisdom of Christ's teachings. In a broader scriptural context, it aligns with the idea that true faith is demonstrated through works, as seen in James 2:18, where faith is shown by deeds.

Then
The word "then" serves as a transitional marker, indicating a sequence of events. In the context of Luke's Gospel, it connects the preceding narrative with the current event. This word suggests continuity and progression in Jesus' ministry, emphasizing the unfolding of His mission and the divine orchestration of events.

one of the Pharisees
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in first-century Judaism known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions. The Greek term "Pharisaios" reflects their role as separatists, emphasizing purity and devotion. This invitation from a Pharisee highlights the tension between Jesus and the religious leaders, as well as the curiosity and intrigue Jesus inspired among them.

invited Jesus
The act of inviting Jesus signifies an openness or curiosity on the part of the Pharisee. In the cultural context of the time, sharing a meal was a significant social gesture, often indicating a desire for dialogue or relationship. This invitation sets the stage for a deeper exploration of Jesus' teachings and character.

to eat with him
Eating together in the ancient Near East was a sign of fellowship and acceptance. The Greek word "sunesthio" implies a communal sharing of food, which was a sacred and intimate act. This phrase underscores the potential for reconciliation and understanding, even amidst differing beliefs and practices.

and He entered the Pharisee’s house
Jesus' willingness to enter the Pharisee's house demonstrates His openness to engage with all people, regardless of their social or religious standing. The act of entering signifies acceptance of the invitation and a readiness to interact with those who might oppose or misunderstand Him.

and reclined at the table
In the cultural context of the time, reclining at the table was a customary posture during meals, especially at formal gatherings. The Greek word "kataklino" indicates a relaxed and intimate setting. This phrase highlights Jesus' comfort in diverse social settings and His willingness to meet people where they are, both physically and spiritually.

When a sinful woman
The phrase "sinful woman" indicates a person known for her moral failings, likely a reference to a woman of ill repute, possibly a prostitute. In the Greek, the word used for "sinful" is "ἁμαρτωλός" (hamartōlos), which means one who is devoted to sin or preeminently sinful. This highlights the societal judgment she faced, yet it also sets the stage for the transformative power of Jesus' grace. Her label as "sinful" underscores the radical nature of Jesus' ministry, which reached out to those marginalized and condemned by society.

from that town
This phrase situates the woman within a specific community, emphasizing that her reputation was well-known among the locals. The town is likely Nain or a nearby area, as Jesus was traveling through Galilee. The mention of her being "from that town" suggests that her actions were bold and courageous, as she risked further scorn by approaching Jesus in a public setting.

learned that Jesus was dining there
The Greek word for "learned" is "ἐπιγνούσα" (epignousa), which implies a deeper understanding or realization. This suggests that the woman had heard of Jesus' teachings and miracles, and recognized an opportunity for redemption. Her knowledge of Jesus' presence indicates her determination and faith, as she sought out the one she believed could offer her forgiveness and a new beginning.

she brought an alabaster jar of perfume
The "alabaster jar" is significant both materially and symbolically. Alabaster, a fine stone, was used to store precious ointments and perfumes, indicating the value of the contents. The Greek word "ἀλάβαστρον" (alabastron) refers to a container used for expensive perfumes, often sealed to preserve the fragrance. This act of bringing such a costly item demonstrates the woman's sacrificial love and repentance. The perfume, likely nard, was a luxury item, symbolizing her willingness to give her best to Jesus. Her action foreshadows the anointing of Jesus' body for burial, highlighting themes of sacrifice and devotion.

As she stood behind Him at His feet weeping
The phrase "stood behind Him" indicates a position of humility and reverence. In the cultural context of the time, it was customary for a disciple or servant to stand behind a master, signifying respect and submission. The Greek word for "weeping" is "κλαίουσα" (klaiousa), which conveys a deep, heartfelt sorrow. This woman's tears are not just a sign of emotional distress but also of repentance and devotion. Her position and tears reflect a profound acknowledgment of Jesus' authority and her own unworthiness.

she began to wet His feet with her tears
The act of wetting Jesus' feet with her tears is symbolic of cleansing and purification. In ancient times, washing someone's feet was a task reserved for the lowest servants, highlighting her humility. The Greek word "βρέχειν" (brechein) for "wet" suggests an abundance of tears, indicating the depth of her contrition and love. This act can be seen as a precursor to the spiritual cleansing that Jesus offers to all who come to Him in repentance.

and wipe them with her hair
In the Jewish culture of the time, a woman's hair was considered her glory and was usually kept covered. By using her hair to wipe Jesus' feet, the woman is performing an act of profound humility and self-abasement. The Greek word "ἐκμάσσειν" (ekmassein) for "wipe" implies a gentle, tender action, reflecting her care and devotion. This act signifies the laying down of her own glory at the feet of Jesus, acknowledging His superiority and her submission to Him.

Then she kissed His feet
The act of kissing Jesus' feet is an expression of deep reverence and affection. The Greek word "κατεφίλει" (katephilei) used here is an intensive form, suggesting repeated or fervent kissing. In the historical context, kissing the feet was a gesture of profound respect and submission, often reserved for royalty or divinity. This act underscores her recognition of Jesus' divine authority and her personal devotion to Him.

and anointed them with the perfume
Anointing with perfume was a sign of honor and consecration. The Greek word "μύρον" (myron) for "perfume" refers to a costly, fragrant ointment, indicating the woman's willingness to give her best to Jesus. In the historical and scriptural context, anointing was associated with setting someone apart for a special purpose, often linked to kingship or priesthood. By anointing Jesus' feet, the woman is acknowledging His messianic role and expressing her faith in His divine mission.

When the Pharisee
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in first-century Judaism known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses and the oral traditions. The Greek word for Pharisee, "Pharisaios," is derived from a Hebrew root meaning "separated." This separation was both physical and spiritual, as they sought to maintain purity by avoiding anything considered unclean. In this context, the Pharisee represents a mindset focused on external righteousness and judgment, often missing the heart of God's law, which is love and mercy.

who had invited Him
The act of inviting Jesus into one's home was significant in the ancient Near Eastern culture, symbolizing a gesture of hospitality and respect. However, the Pharisee's invitation may have been motivated by curiosity or a desire to scrutinize Jesus rather than genuine hospitality. This reflects a common theme in the Gospels where Jesus is often invited into spaces where He is not fully welcomed or understood, yet He enters willingly, offering grace and truth.

saw this
The Greek word "eidō" implies more than just physical sight; it suggests perception and understanding. The Pharisee's observation of the event is not just about witnessing an action but interpreting it through his own lens of legalism and self-righteousness. This highlights the contrast between human judgment and divine insight, as Jesus sees beyond appearances into the heart.

he said to himself
This phrase indicates an internal dialogue, revealing the Pharisee's thoughts and attitudes. In biblical narratives, such internal monologues often expose the true nature of a character's heart. The Pharisee's self-talk is a window into his spiritual blindness and inability to recognize Jesus' identity and mission.

If this man were a prophet
The Pharisee questions Jesus' prophetic status, which in Jewish tradition, was associated with being a spokesperson for God, possessing insight into divine truths. The Greek word "prophētēs" denotes one who speaks forth by divine inspiration. The Pharisee's doubt reflects a misunderstanding of Jesus' role and authority, as he fails to see that Jesus embodies the ultimate revelation of God.

He would know
The expectation here is that a true prophet would have supernatural knowledge. The Pharisee assumes that Jesus' lack of immediate rebuke or distancing from the woman indicates ignorance. This assumption reveals a limited understanding of divine knowledge, which is not just about awareness of sin but also about the capacity for compassion and forgiveness.

what kind of woman
The phrase "what kind of" suggests a categorization based on moral and social status. In the cultural context, women of questionable reputation were often marginalized and judged harshly. The Pharisee's focus on the woman's past and social standing contrasts with Jesus' focus on her faith and repentance, illustrating the transformative power of grace.

she is
The present tense "is" emphasizes the Pharisee's fixation on the woman's current state, ignoring the possibility of change or redemption. This reflects a broader theme in the Gospels where Jesus challenges societal norms by offering new identities to those who come to Him in faith.

for she is a sinner
The label "sinner" was commonly used to describe those who did not adhere to the Pharisaic interpretation of the law. The Greek word "hamartōlos" means one who has missed the mark, a term that encompasses all humanity. The Pharisee's judgment fails to recognize that all are in need of God's grace, and it is precisely for sinners that Jesus came. This moment sets the stage for Jesus to demonstrate His mission of forgiveness and restoration, challenging the self-righteousness of the Pharisee and inviting all to experience the depth of God's love.

And Jesus answered him
The phrase begins with "And," indicating a continuation of the narrative. "Jesus" is the central figure, whose actions and words are pivotal in the Gospel. The Greek word for "answered" is "apokrinomai," which implies a response to a thought or question, even if unspoken. This suggests Jesus' divine insight into Simon's heart, as He responds to Simon's internal judgment of the woman who anointed Jesus' feet. This highlights Jesus' omniscience and His ability to address the unspoken concerns of the heart.

Simon
Simon is identified as the Pharisee who invited Jesus to his home. The name "Simon" is of Hebrew origin, meaning "he has heard." This is significant as it sets the stage for Simon to truly "hear" the lesson Jesus is about to impart. Historically, Pharisees were known for their strict adherence to the Law and often held a critical view of those they deemed sinners. Simon's role in this narrative is crucial as it contrasts the self-righteousness of the Pharisees with the grace and forgiveness offered by Jesus.

I have something to tell you
This phrase is a direct and personal address from Jesus to Simon, indicating the importance of the message. The Greek word "echo" for "have" implies possession, suggesting that Jesus holds a truth or lesson specifically for Simon. The phrase "something to tell you" indicates a teaching moment, a common method used by Jesus to impart wisdom and challenge prevailing attitudes. It sets the stage for the parable that follows, which is designed to provoke reflection and self-examination in Simon.

'Tell me, Teacher,'
Simon's response, "Tell me," shows a willingness to listen, at least superficially. The term "Teacher" is translated from the Greek "didaskalos," a title of respect acknowledging Jesus' authority and wisdom. This acknowledgment is ironic, given Simon's earlier judgmental thoughts. It reflects a common theme in the Gospels where individuals recognize Jesus' authority but struggle to fully understand or accept His teachings. This moment invites readers to consider their own openness to Jesus' teachings and the humility required to truly learn from Him.

he said
The phrase "he said" confirms Simon's verbal response, indicating a dialogue. In the narrative, this sets up the interaction that follows, where Jesus will use a parable to reveal deeper truths. The simplicity of "he said" belies the profound exchange that is about to occur, emphasizing the importance of dialogue in understanding and spiritual growth. It invites readers to engage in their own dialogue with the text, reflecting on the lessons Jesus imparts and their application to one's life.

A certain moneylender
The phrase "a certain moneylender" introduces a parable spoken by Jesus. In the Greek, the word for moneylender is "δανιστής" (danistes), which refers to someone who lends money at interest. In the historical context of first-century Judea, moneylenders were often viewed with suspicion and disdain, as they were associated with the exploitation of the poor. This sets the stage for a lesson on grace and forgiveness, as Jesus uses a familiar societal figure to convey a deeper spiritual truth.

had two debtors
The "two debtors" symbolize individuals who owe a debt they cannot repay. In the Greek, "χρεοφειλέτης" (chreopheiletes) is used for debtor, emphasizing the obligation and burden of debt. This imagery is powerful in a spiritual context, as it reflects humanity's indebtedness to God due to sin. The number two signifies the universality of the condition, representing all people who fall short of divine standards.

One owed him five hundred denarii
The "five hundred denarii" represents a substantial debt. A denarius was a day's wage for a laborer, so five hundred denarii would equate to over a year and a half of work. This highlights the enormity of the debt and the impossibility of repayment, symbolizing the weight of sin and the need for divine intervention. The large sum underscores the magnitude of forgiveness that is available through Christ.

and the other fifty
The "fifty" denotes a smaller, yet still significant, debt. While less than the five hundred, it remains beyond the debtor's ability to repay. This contrast between the two amounts serves to illustrate that regardless of the perceived size of one's sin, all are in need of forgiveness. The smaller debt reminds us that even what we consider minor transgressions separate us from God, emphasizing the equal need for grace.

When they were unable to repay
This phrase highlights the human condition of spiritual indebtedness. The Greek word for "unable" (οὐκ ἔχοντων) emphasizes a complete lack of resources or ability. In the context of the parable, it reflects our inability to atone for our sins through our own efforts. Historically, debt was a serious matter in ancient times, often leading to slavery or imprisonment. This underscores the gravity of our spiritual debt to God, which we cannot repay by our own means.

he forgave both
The Greek word for "forgave" (ἐχαρίσατο) is derived from the root "charis," meaning grace. This indicates that the forgiveness offered is an act of grace, unmerited and freely given. In the historical context of the New Testament, forgiveness of debt was a radical act, often unheard of, which parallels the radical nature of God's grace. This phrase reminds us of the boundless mercy of God, who forgives our sins not because of our worthiness, but because of His loving nature.

Which of them will love him more?
This rhetorical question invites introspection and reflection on the relationship between forgiveness and love. The Greek word for "love" (ἀγαπήσει) is rooted in "agape," which signifies a selfless, unconditional love. The question posed by Jesus challenges the listener to consider the depth of gratitude and love that should naturally flow from the experience of being forgiven. In a scriptural context, this reflects the transformative power of grace, which not only absolves but also deepens our love and devotion to God. Historically, this teaching would have been counter-cultural, as it elevates the internal transformation over external adherence to the law.

Simon replied
In this passage, Simon the Pharisee is responding to Jesus' question. The name "Simon" is of Hebrew origin, meaning "he has heard." This is significant as it sets the stage for Simon's interaction with Jesus, who is about to impart a profound lesson. The Pharisees were a religious group known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions. Simon's reply indicates his engagement in the conversation, yet it also reveals his limited understanding of grace and forgiveness, which Jesus is about to address.

I suppose
This phrase suggests a level of uncertainty or hesitation in Simon's response. It reflects a common human tendency to rely on assumptions rather than seeking deeper understanding. In the Greek, the word used here can imply conjecture or estimation, indicating that Simon is not fully confident in his answer. This moment of uncertainty opens the door for Jesus to reveal a deeper truth about forgiveness and love.

the one who was forgiven more
Here, Simon identifies the debtor who was forgiven a larger debt as the one who would love more. This statement is central to the parable Jesus is telling, which illustrates the relationship between forgiveness and love. The Greek word for "forgiven" is "aphiēmi," which means to send away or release. This concept of forgiveness is foundational in Christian theology, emphasizing the complete removal of sin through Christ's sacrifice. The phrase underscores the transformative power of forgiveness, suggesting that those who experience greater forgiveness are capable of greater love.

You have judged correctly
Jesus affirms Simon's answer, acknowledging that he has understood the basic principle of the parable. The Greek word for "judged" is "krinō," which means to separate, distinguish, or decide. In this context, it implies making a moral or ethical judgment. Jesus' affirmation serves as a gentle encouragement, recognizing Simon's ability to discern truth, while also setting the stage for a deeper revelation about the nature of God's grace and the call to love others as we have been loved. This moment highlights the importance of discernment and the willingness to learn and grow in understanding.

And turning toward the woman
This phrase highlights Jesus' intentional focus and attention. In the cultural context of the time, women were often marginalized, and Jesus' act of turning toward the woman signifies a radical departure from societal norms. The Greek word for "turning" (στραφεὶς, strafeis) implies a deliberate action, emphasizing Jesus' purposeful engagement with the woman, acknowledging her presence and actions in a profound way.

He said to Simon
Jesus addresses Simon, the Pharisee who had invited Him to his house. This direct address is significant because it shows Jesus' willingness to confront and teach those who are in positions of religious authority. The Greek verb "said" (εἶπεν, eipen) is used frequently in the Gospels to introduce important teachings or revelations, indicating that what follows is of great importance.

Do you see this woman?
This question is rhetorical and serves to challenge Simon's perception and judgment. The Greek word for "see" (βλέπεις, blepeis) goes beyond physical sight, suggesting a deeper understanding or recognition. Jesus is inviting Simon to look beyond societal prejudices and see the woman's actions and heart.

I entered your house
This phrase sets the stage for a comparison between Simon's actions and the woman's. The act of entering someone's house in ancient times was significant, as it was a gesture of hospitality and respect. Jesus' entry into Simon's house symbolizes an opportunity for Simon to show honor and hospitality, which he fails to do.

You did not give Me water for My feet
In the historical context, offering water for a guest's feet was a basic act of hospitality, especially in a dusty, sandal-wearing culture. The omission of this act by Simon is a significant breach of social etiquette and respect. The Greek word for "give" (ἔδωκας, edokas) implies a gift or offering, highlighting Simon's neglect.

but she wet My feet with her tears
The woman's actions are contrasted with Simon's inaction. Her tears represent deep repentance and devotion. The Greek word for "wet" (ἔβρεξεν, ebrexen) indicates an abundant outpouring, symbolizing the depth of her sorrow and love. Her tears serve as a substitute for the water Simon failed to provide.

and wiped them with her hair
This act is both intimate and humble. In the cultural context, a woman's hair was considered her glory, and using it to wipe Jesus' feet signifies a profound act of humility and devotion. The Greek word for "wiped" (ἐξέμαξεν, exemaxen) suggests a thorough and careful action, reflecting her dedication and reverence.

You did not greet Me with a kiss
In the cultural and historical context of the ancient Near East, a kiss was a common form of greeting, especially among those who wished to show respect or affection. The Greek word for "kiss" here is "philema," which signifies a gesture of friendship and honor. In this passage, Jesus is addressing Simon the Pharisee, highlighting the lack of customary hospitality. This omission is significant, as it underscores Simon's failure to recognize Jesus' true identity and worth. The act of greeting with a kiss was not merely a social nicety but a profound acknowledgment of the other's dignity and status. In the broader scriptural context, this lack of greeting contrasts with the woman's actions, emphasizing her deep reverence and love for Jesus.

but she has not stopped kissing My feet
The phrase "has not stopped" is translated from the Greek "ou dielipen," indicating continuous action. This woman's persistent act of kissing Jesus' feet is a powerful demonstration of humility and devotion. In biblical times, feet were considered the dirtiest part of the body, and touching them was an act of servitude and submission. The Greek word for "kissing" here is "kataphilein," which implies an intense, repeated action. Her actions are a stark contrast to Simon's neglect, illustrating her recognition of Jesus' divine authority and her gratitude for His forgiveness. This act of worship is reminiscent of other biblical instances where individuals express profound reverence and repentance, such as Mary of Bethany anointing Jesus' feet (John 12:3).

since I arrived
The phrase "since I arrived" underscores the immediacy and constancy of the woman's devotion. From the moment Jesus entered Simon's house, she began her act of worship and did not cease. This continuous action highlights her unwavering faith and recognition of Jesus' presence. The Greek word "eiselthon" for "arrived" suggests a formal entrance, indicating that Jesus' presence was significant and deserving of honor. In the broader narrative of Luke 7, this moment serves as a pivotal teaching on the nature of true worship and repentance. The woman's actions are a testament to the transformative power of encountering Christ, prompting believers to reflect on their own expressions of faith and devotion.

You did not anoint
In the cultural and historical context of ancient Israel, anointing was a significant act, often associated with hospitality, honor, and consecration. The Greek word used here is "ἔχρισας" (echrisas), which means to anoint or to rub with oil. Anointing the head of a guest was a common practice in Jewish tradition, symbolizing respect and a warm welcome. By stating "You did not anoint," Jesus highlights the neglect of customary hospitality by Simon the Pharisee, contrasting it with the woman's actions.

My head with oil
The head is often seen as the seat of honor and authority. Anointing the head with oil was a gesture of blessing and respect. Oil, in biblical times, was a valuable commodity, often perfumed and used in religious and social ceremonies. The absence of this act by Simon underscores a lack of reverence and recognition of Jesus' status. The Greek word for oil, "ἐλαίῳ" (elaio), signifies not just any oil but one that is pure and often used for sacred purposes.

but she has anointed
The contrast introduced by "but" (Greek "δέ," de) is significant. It marks a turning point in the narrative, emphasizing the woman's actions as exemplary. The Greek word for anointed here is "ἤλειψεν" (ēleipsen), which, like "echrisas," means to anoint. Her actions are portrayed as deliberate and meaningful, highlighting her devotion and understanding of Jesus' true identity.

My feet with perfume
Feet, in the biblical context, symbolize humility and service. Anointing Jesus' feet, rather than His head, demonstrates the woman's humility and deep reverence. The Greek word for perfume, "μύρῳ" (myro), refers to a costly and fragrant ointment, often used in burial preparations, symbolizing sacrifice and devotion. This act of anointing Jesus' feet with perfume is a profound expression of love and repentance, contrasting sharply with Simon's lack of hospitality. It signifies the woman's recognition of Jesus' divine nature and her willingness to honor Him with her most precious possession.

Therefore
The word "therefore" serves as a crucial connector, linking the preceding narrative to the conclusion that follows. In the context of Luke 7, Jesus is addressing Simon the Pharisee after a sinful woman anoints His feet. The Greek word used here is "διό" (dio), which indicates a logical conclusion or result. It emphasizes that what Jesus is about to say is a direct outcome of the events and attitudes previously described. This word invites the reader to reflect on the cause-and-effect relationship between the woman's actions and the forgiveness she receives.

I tell you
This phrase underscores the authority of Jesus as a teacher and prophet. The Greek "λέγω σοι" (lego soi) is a personal address, indicating that Jesus is speaking directly to Simon. It highlights the personal nature of Jesus' teaching and His willingness to engage with individuals on a personal level. This phrase also serves to draw attention to the importance of the message that follows, as it comes from the mouth of the Messiah Himself.

her many sins
The phrase "her many sins" acknowledges the reality and gravity of the woman's past. The Greek word for "sins" is "ἁμαρτίαι" (hamartiai), which refers to moral failings or offenses against God. The use of "many" (πολλαί, pollai) emphasizes the extent of her transgressions, yet it also sets the stage for the profound grace that Jesus is about to reveal. This acknowledgment of sin is crucial in understanding the depth of forgiveness and the transformative power of grace.

have been forgiven
This phrase is central to the message of the Gospel. The Greek word "ἀφέωνται" (apheontai) is in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action with ongoing effects. It signifies that her sins are not only forgiven at that moment but that the forgiveness has a lasting impact. This reflects the Christian doctrine of justification, where believers are declared righteous before God through faith in Christ. The passive voice indicates that the forgiveness is an act of divine grace, not something the woman earned.

as her great love has shown
The phrase "as her great love has shown" connects the woman's actions to her forgiveness. The Greek "ὅτι ἠγάπησεν πολύ" (hoti ēgapēsen poly) suggests that her love is a response to the forgiveness she has received. This aligns with the biblical principle that love is a fruit of the Spirit and a response to God's grace. Her actions are not the cause of her forgiveness but a demonstration of her gratitude and transformation. This highlights the transformative power of grace, which inspires believers to live lives of love and devotion.

But whoever has been forgiven little loves little
This concluding statement serves as a poignant reminder of the relationship between forgiveness and love. The Greek "ᾧ δὲ ὀλίγον ἀφέεται, ὀλίγον ἀγαπᾷ" (hō de oligōn apheietai, oligōn agapa) contrasts the experiences of those who recognize the depth of their forgiveness with those who do not. It suggests that an awareness of one's need for forgiveness and the grace received results in a greater capacity for love. This serves as a call to self-examination for believers, encouraging them to recognize the magnitude of God's grace in their lives and to respond with love and gratitude.

Then Jesus said to her
This phrase sets the stage for a direct and personal interaction between Jesus and the woman. The Greek word for "said" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which is often used in the New Testament to denote authoritative speech. Jesus' words carry weight and authority, emphasizing His role as the divine teacher and healer. The personal nature of this address highlights Jesus' compassion and willingness to engage with individuals, regardless of their social status or past sins. In the historical context, this interaction breaks cultural norms, as Jewish men typically did not speak directly to women in public, especially those with questionable reputations.

Your sins
The phrase "Your sins" acknowledges the woman's past transgressions. The Greek word for "sins" is "ἁμαρτίαι" (hamartiai), which means to miss the mark or fall short of God's standards. This acknowledgment is crucial because it reflects the biblical principle that all have sinned and are in need of forgiveness (Romans 3:23). In the Jewish context, sin was often associated with ritual impurity and separation from God. By addressing her sins, Jesus is not condemning her but rather recognizing her need for redemption and restoration.

are forgiven
The declaration "are forgiven" is profound and transformative. The Greek word for "forgiven" is "ἀφέωνται" (apheōntai), which means to send away or release. This term conveys the idea of complete pardon and liberation from the burden of sin. In the scriptural context, forgiveness is a divine prerogative, and Jesus' ability to forgive sins is a testament to His divine authority and identity as the Son of God. This act of forgiveness is not just a legal transaction but a relational restoration, bringing the woman back into right standing with God. Historically, this moment would have been revolutionary, as it challenged the prevailing religious norms and demonstrated the inclusive nature of God's grace.

The other guests
This phrase refers to those who were present at the meal hosted by Simon the Pharisee. In the cultural context of first-century Judea, meals were significant social events, often involving discussions on religious and philosophical matters. The Greek word used here, "συνανάκειμαι" (synanakeimai), implies reclining together, which was the customary posture during meals. This setting underscores the communal aspect of the event and highlights the diverse reactions of those present to Jesus' actions and words.

began to say
The phrase indicates a murmuring or a whispered conversation among the guests. The Greek verb "λέγω" (legō) suggests a verbal expression of thoughts or opinions. This reaction is typical of the Pharisees and other religious leaders who often questioned Jesus' authority and actions. It reflects a moment of internal conflict and skepticism among the guests, who are grappling with the implications of Jesus' forgiving sins.

among themselves
This phrase suggests a private conversation, indicating that the guests were not openly challenging Jesus but were instead discussing their doubts and questions amongst themselves. This reflects the social dynamics of the time, where public confrontation might be avoided in favor of private discourse. It also highlights the tension and uncertainty that Jesus' actions often provoked among the religious elite.

Who is this
This question reveals the guests' astonishment and confusion regarding Jesus' identity. The Greek word "τίς" (tis) is an interrogative pronoun used to question identity or nature. This reflects a recurring theme in the Gospels, where Jesus' true nature and authority are frequently questioned by those who encounter Him. It underscores the mystery and divine authority of Jesus, which often left onlookers puzzled and challenged.

who even forgives sins?
This phrase is central to the theological significance of the passage. The act of forgiving sins was traditionally understood to be within the purview of God alone, as seen in various Old Testament scriptures. The Greek word "ἀφίημι" (aphiēmi) means to send away or release, indicating a complete removal of sin. This statement by the guests highlights their struggle to comprehend Jesus' divine authority and foreshadows the broader conflict between Jesus and the religious leaders over His claims to divinity and His role as the Messiah.

And Jesus told the woman
This phrase highlights the personal interaction between Jesus and the woman, emphasizing His direct communication and personal attention. In the cultural context of the time, women were often marginalized, yet Jesus consistently broke societal norms to engage with them. The Greek word for "told" (εἶπεν, eipen) indicates a definitive statement, underscoring the authority and compassion of Jesus. This interaction reflects the inclusive nature of Jesus' ministry, where He acknowledges and uplifts those whom society often overlooks.

Your faith
The Greek word for "faith" (πίστις, pistis) is central to Christian theology, signifying trust, belief, and confidence in God. In this context, it is not merely intellectual assent but a deep, personal trust in Jesus' power and willingness to save. The woman's faith is highlighted as the key element in her salvation, demonstrating that it is not her actions or status but her belief in Jesus that brings about her transformation. This underscores the biblical principle that faith is the means by which individuals receive God's grace.

has saved you
The phrase "has saved you" (σέσωκέν σε, sesōken se) uses the perfect tense in Greek, indicating a completed action with ongoing effects. This suggests that the woman's salvation is both a past event and a present reality, with eternal implications. Salvation in the biblical sense encompasses deliverance from sin and its consequences, restoration of relationship with God, and the promise of eternal life. This statement by Jesus affirms the transformative power of faith and the assurance of salvation for those who believe.

go in peace
The word "peace" (εἰρήνη, eirēnē) in the biblical context is rich with meaning, encompassing not only the absence of conflict but also the presence of wholeness, well-being, and harmony with God. Jesus' command to "go in peace" is both a blessing and a commissioning. It signifies the woman's new status as one reconciled to God, free from the burden of sin and shame. Historically, this peace is rooted in the Hebrew concept of "shalom," which implies completeness and fulfillment. Jesus' words assure the woman of her restored dignity and invite her to live out her faith in the fullness of God's peace.