Research progress on dynamic monitoring index for early warning of rock collapse

Early warning of rock collapse is one of the hot issues in the field of geotechnical engineering.The traditional monitoring and early warning methods of monitoring indicators are relatively uniform, with more attention being paid to the identification of accelerated damage precursors, which means that the early warning of collapse disasters has many inherent difficulties.In fact, rockblock collapse is caused by the dynamic failure of system instability, so it can be more effective to apply kinetic monitoring indicators to realize more scientific early warnings.In this paper, dynamic monitoring indexes were introduced to summarize the dynamic responses of rock and soil failure processes.A dynamic monitoring index based on natural vibration frequency can provide data for detecting damage in a dangerous rock mass.Based on the latest experimental research, it is concluded that the dynamic monitoring index can effectively reflect changes in physical and mechanical characteristics, and thus, can be used to dynamically and quantitatively analyze the damage and stability of a rock mass.A review of the literature on the current development of this field in China and abroad indicates that the early warning method of rock mass collapse disaster based on precursor failure identification in the detachment phase has better timeliness and will also to prove be more useful in future.Meanwhile, the development of an early warning index system of collapse is forecasted.An early monitoring and early warning index system based on dynamic, static, and environmental quantity indexes has greater potential for effective engineering monitoring and disaster warning.However, this new early warning method and its tripartite early warning indicator system offers a foundation for better responses to rock collapse in high-risk regions, and thus can improve the current passive prevention approach of rock-block monitoring and reduce the casualties and property losses that follow instantaneous rock collapse.This paper provides an effective reference for researchers studying early warning systems and the prevention of brittle damage disasters such as collapse.