View source for September 1978

{{short description|Month of 1978}}
{{events by month|1978}}
{{calendar|year=1978|month=September}}
[[File:Anwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin sign Camp David Accords-1978 (cropped).jpg|thumb|250px|September 17, 1978: Egypt's President [[Anwar Sadat]], U.S. President [[Jimmy Carter]], and Israeli Prime Minister [[Menachem Begin]] conclude Middle East peace agreement after negotiations at [[Camp David]] U.S. presidential retreat]]
[[File:PSA 06-01568.jpg|thumb|250px|September 25, 1978: Crash of PSA Flight 182 kills 144 people in San Diego]]

The following events occurred in '''September 1978''':

==September 1, 1978 (Friday)==
*[[Home Theater Network]] (HTN), the second pay television film channel in the U.S., premiered as a lower-priced ($3.75 per month) competitor to the existing [[Home Box Office]] (HBO). Initially shown on New England Cablevision in [[Portland, Maine]], and on for four hours a day, HTN limited its telecasts to films with a "G" or "PG" rating.<ref>{{cite news |title=Suit Puts Handcuffs On CATV |first=Frank  |last=Sleeper |newspaper=Evening Express (Portland ME) |date=September 6, 1978 |page=1}}</ref> Unable to increase its viewership sufficiently to meet its expenses, HTN would continue until its shutdown on January 31, 1987.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pay cable HTN out of business |newspaper=[[Knoxville News-Sentinel]] |date=January 31, 1987 |page=A-11}}</ref>
*The [[Speedway bombings]], random explosions of homemade bombs, began in the Indianapolis suburb of [[Speedway, Indiana]], at 9:50 in the evening with a blast from inside a trash container outside the Hi-Fi Buys store in the Speedway Shopping Center, where windows and a car windshield were shattered, followed 10 minutes later by one in a dumpster behind the Speedway motel and a third at 10:45 in a residential neighborhood.<ref>{{cite news |title=3 Explosions Rock Speedway— Police Baffled, No Serious Injuries |newspaper=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |date=September 2, 1978 |page=1}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' [[Adam Yahiye Gadahn]], American-born terrorist member of al-Qaeda; as Adam Pearlman in rural [[Oregon]] (killed in drone strike, 2015)

==September 2, 1978 (Saturday)==
*The crash of an Airwest Airlines twin-engine Otter airplane killed 11 of the 13 people on board after plunging into the harbor while attempting to land on [[Vancouver Island]] in [[Canada]]. All of the passengers were Japanese tourists. The airplane broke into two on impact, floated briefly, and then sank in {{convert|13|ft}} of water.<ref>{{cite news |title=11 Die as Canada Plane Crashes |agency=Reuters |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 3, 1978 |page=I-4}}</ref>
*[[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset County]] defeated [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex County]] to win the [[1978 Gillette Cup final|Gillette Cup]], the annual knockout tournament championship of [[first-class cricket]] in [[England]], played at [[Lord's]] in London.<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Norman |editor-last=Preston |editor-link=Norman Preston |title=[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 1979]] |edition=116 |year=1979 |publisher=Macdonald and Jane's |location=London |pages=654–658 |isbn=0-354-09080-1}}</ref> 
*College football in the U.S. opened with a new level, [[1978 NCAA Division I-AA football season|Division I-AA]], consisting of eight lower level teams from the former Division I (Bucknell, Florida A&M, Lafayette, Lehigh, Nevada, Northeastern, Northwestern State, and Portland State) and the formerly Division I [[Southwestern Athletic Conference]] (SWAC), and 35 of the better teams from Division II's [[Big Sky Conference]], [[Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference]] (MEAC), [[Ohio Valley Conference]], and the [[Yankee Conference]] (now defunct). 
*'''Died:''' 
**[[Fred G. Meyer]], 92, German-born American grocery store entrepreneur and founder of the [[Fred Meyer]] store chain<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=t_lVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CuIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2066%2C602773 |work=Eugene Register-Guard |location=(Oregon) |agency=Associated Press |title=Meyer, founder of retail chain, dies at age 92 |date=September 2, 1978 |page=1A}}</ref>
**[[Charles F. Blair Jr.]], 69, pioneering American aviator, military officer in the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Air Force, founder and owner of the [[Antilles Air Boats]] commuter airline, was killed in the crash of Antilles Air Boats Flight 941, along with three of his 10 passengers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Plane Crash Kills Aviator Charles F. Blair, Husband of Maureen O'Hara |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 3, 1978 |page=I-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Aviation Accident Report AAR-79-09 (id DCA78AA021) | publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]] |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Pages/AAR7909.aspx|accessdate = January 2, 2015}}</ref>

==September 3, 1978 (Sunday)==
*[[Air Rhodesia Flight 825]], with 52 passengers and four crew, was shot down by missile fired by the [[Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army]] (ZIPRA) after taking off from the resort of [[Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe|Victoria Falls]] to [[Harare|Salisbury]] in [[Rhodesia]] (now [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Rhodesia Plane Vanishes Carrying 56; Crash Feared |agency=UPI |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 4, 1978 |page=I-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rhodesian Guerrillas Kill 10 Plane Crash Survivors |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 5, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rebel Missile Downed Plane Carrying 56, Rhodesia Says |first=David |last=Lamb |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 8, 1978 |page=I-9}}</ref> Of the 56 people on board, 38 were killed immediately when the [[Vickers Viscount]] impacted near the town of [[Karoi]]. The ZIPRA guerrillas then hunted the 18 survivors and killed 10 of them.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lindsell-Stewart |first=Gavin |title=Three Describe a Night of Terror |date=September 5, 1978 |location=Salisbury |journal=[[The Herald (Zimbabwe)|The Rhodesia Herald]] |page=1}}</ref> The other eight had managed to escape the ZIPRA terrorists' attention.<ref>{{cite book |title=Against the Grain: Memoirs of a Zimbabwean Newsman |last=Nyarota |first=Geoffrey |author-link=Geoffrey Nyarota |year=2006 |location=Cape Town |publisher=Zebra Publishing |pages=62–63 |isbn=978-1-77007-112-4}}</ref>
*The crash of an [[Air Guinee Express|Air Guinee]] flight to the Guinean capital of [[Conakry]] killed 15 of the 17 people on board. The [[Ilyushin Il-18]] was approaching Conakry at the end of a flight from [[Moscow]] in the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19780903-2 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-18D 3X-GAX Conakry}}</ref>
*[[Pope John Paul I]] was formally installed as the 263rd pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church, with ceremonies taking place at St. Peter's Square in Rome before a crowd of 250,000 people, and an estimated one billion television viewers worldwide.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pope Formally Installed at Outdoor Mass— 250,000 Gather for Solemn, 2½-Hour Rites in St. Peter's Square |first=William |last=Tuohy |author-link=William Tuohy |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 4, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref>
*[[Kilkenny GAA]] won the [[1978 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final|championship]] of Ireland's [[National Hurling League]] at [[Croke Park]] in [[Dublin]], defeating defending champion [[Cork GAA]], 1-15 to 2-8 (equivalent to 18 to 14).
*Mountaineers Glenn Woodsworth and Carol Evenchick became the first persons to climb to the top of [[Canada]]'s [[Tsaydaychuz Peak]], a {{convert|9049|foot|adj=on}} mountain in the [[Pattullo Range]] of the [[Hazelton Mountains]] in [[British Columbia]].
*'''Born:''' [[Carmen Amariei]], Romanian team handball player with 182 appearances for the Romanian women's team; in [[Cluj Napoca]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://history.eurohandball.com/ec/cl/women/2010-11/player/503104/Carmen+Andreea+Amariei |website=history.eurohandball.com |title=Carmen Andreea Amariei |access-date=21 August 2021}}</ref> 
*'''Died:''' [[Karin Molander]], 89, Swedish film actress<ref>[http://www.fandango.com/karinmolander/biography/p49906 Fandango. Biography: Karin Molander]</ref>

==September 4, 1978 (Monday)==
*[[Anna University]] was established in [[India]] at [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]) and named in honor of [[C. N. Annadurai]], who had been the [[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] of [[Madras State]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] until his death from cancer in 1969.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.annauniv.ac.in/about.aspx |title=Welcome to Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore |work=annauniv.ac.in |access-date=18 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620130817/http://www.annauniv.ac.in/about.aspx |archive-date=20 June 2009}}</ref>
*The wreckage of the American [[paddle steamer]] boat ''[[Phoenix (1815 steamer)|Phoenix]]'' was discovered in New York's [[Lake Champlain]] exactly 159 years after her sinking on September 4, [[1819]].<ref name=NRHP>{{cite web |url={{NRHP url|98001268}} |title=NRHP nomination for Phoenix (shipwreck) |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |first=Roger L. |last=Ciuffo |year=1998 |access-date=2016-11-17}} with {{NRHP url|id=98001268|photos=y|title=photos from 1998}}</ref>
*Seven people were killed at a Labor Day festival in the U.S. town of [[Derry, Pennsylvania]], and 13 seriously injured, when a [[Hughes TH-55 Osage|Hughes 269-C]] helicopter stalled while flying at low altitude over the parking lot of the St. Joseph's Church.<ref>{{cite news |title=Copter Falls Into Crowd at Church Picnic, Kills Seven |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 5, 1978 |page=I-3}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' [[Wes Bentley]], American film and TV actor known for ''[[American Beauty (1999 film)|American Beauty]]''; in [[Jonesboro, Arkansas]]<ref>{{cite news |title=American Beauty's Wes Bentley |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/jan/23/comment.akinojumu |newspaper=The Guardian |date=January 23, 2000}}</ref>
*'''Died:''' [[Leonora Cohen]], 105, English suffragette and women's rights activist<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.yorkmuseumstrust.org.uk/blog/ask-the-expert-qa-26-november-the-leonora-cohen-suffragette-collection-with-nicola-pullen/ |title=Ask the Expert Q&A 26 November – Leonora Cohen Suffragette Collection with Nicola Pullen |website=[[York Museums Trust]] |language=en-GB |access-date=2018-02-04}}</ref>

==September 5, 1978 (Tuesday)==
*Hosted by U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Israel's Prime Minister [[Menachem Begin]] and Egypt's President [[Anwar Sadat]] [[Camp David Accords|opened discussions on a treaty]] at the U.S. presidential retreat at Camp David in Maryland.<ref>{{cite news |title=Begin, Sadat Meet at Camp David Today |first=Norman |last=Kempster |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 5, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref>
*The only "[[open university]]" in [[Thailand]], [[Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University]] (STOU) was created. It would begin classes on December 1, 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title=Background|url=http://www.stou.ac.th/Eng/Background.aspx|website=Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University|access-date=3 December 2016}}</ref>
*U.S. Congressman [[Daniel Flood]], who had represented his district in Pennsylania for 27 years, was indicted by a federal grand jury on three counts of perjury on charges of lying about receiving illegal payoffs from persons benefiting from legislation that he had sponsored.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/09/06/rep-flood-indicted-on-perjury-charges/f842ed49-657b-4138-a991-dd172103ad55/|title= Rep. Flood Indicted on Perjury Charges |newspaper=The Washington Post|author=Babcock, Charles R.|date=September 6, 1978|access-date=January 28, 2018}}</ref> Although re-elected in November, Flood would resign halfway through his term in January 1980.
*'''Born:''' [[Chris Hipkins]], 41st [[List of prime ministers of New Zealand|Prime Minister of New Zealand]] from January to November, 2023; in [[Hutt Valley]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Hon Chris Hipkins |url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/minister/biography/chris-hipkins |publisher=New Zealand Government |access-date=22 November 2021 |archive-date=22 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122233815/https://www.beehive.govt.nz/minister/biography/chris-hipkins |url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''Died:''' 
**[[Nikodim Rotov]], 48, Russian Orthodox Church archbishop and the Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod, collapsed and died of a heart attack while at a papal audience with [[Pope John Paul I]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Russian Archbishop Dies During Papal Audience |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19780906&id=N0wNAAAAIBAJ&pg=7076,622971 |agency= [[Associated Press]] | newspaper= [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |date= 6 September 1978 | page= 6 |accessdate= 30 August 2013}}</ref>
**[[Joe Negroni]], 37, American rock and roll singer, died of a cerebral hemorrhage. 
**[[Joe Glick]], 75, American boxer and former world welterweight champion<ref>{{cite web|title=Joe Glick|url=http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=10125&cat=boxer&pageID=4|publisher=BoxRec|accessdate=22 April 2015}}</ref>

==September 6, 1978 (Wednesday)==
*In the U.S., scientists at the [[City of Hope National Medical Center]] in [[Duarte, California]], announced that they had been able to make "a biological [[carbon copy]] of the molecule for the human [[insulin]] hormone and possibly be able to mass produce insulin for treatment of persons with [[diabetes]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Scientists Produce Carbon Copy of Human Insulin |first=George |last=Alexander |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 7, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' 
**[[Homare Sawa]], Japanese footballer with 205 caps for the Japan women's national team; in [[Fuchū, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Homare Sawa |url=http://www.london2012.com/athlete/sawa-homare-1019517/ |publisher=2012 London Olympics Committee |access-date=1 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502014639/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/sawa-homare-1019517/ |archive-date=2 May 2013}}</ref> 
**[[Mathew Horne]], English comedian and TV actor known for ''[[Gavin & Stacey]]''; in [[Burton Joyce]], [[Nottinghamshire]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/my-secret-life-matthew-horne-actor--comedian-31-2004026.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/my-secret-life-matthew-horne-actor--comedian-31-2004026.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |location=London |newspaper=The Independent |title=My Secret Life: Matthew Horne, Actor & comedian, 31 |date=19 June 2010}}</ref> 
*'''Died:''' 
**[[Adolf Dassler|Adolf "Adi" Dassler]], 77, German cobbler, inventor and entrepreneur who founded the athletic shoe and sportswear company [[Adidas]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Smit |first=Barbara |title=Sneaker Wars: The Enemy Brothers who Founded Adidas and Puma and the Family Feud that Forever Changed the Business of Sport |page=4 |location=New York |publisher=CCCO/HarperCollins Publishers |year=2008 |isbn=9780061246579}}</ref>
**[[Members of the Red Army Faction#9|Willi-Peter Stoll]], 28, West German terrorist with the Red Army Faction, suspected of direct involvement in the kidnapping and murder of [[Hanns Martin Schleyer]], was shot to death after police in [[Dusseldorf]] spotted him at the Shanghai Chinese Restaurant. Stoll pulled a pistol when asked for his identification and was shot at the scene.<ref>{{cite news |title=Top W. German Fugitive Killed |agency=Reuters |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 7, 1978 |page=I-8}}</ref>

==September 7, 1978 (Thursday)==
*[[Bulgaria]]n [[defector]] [[Georgi Markov]] was fatally poisoned by a Bulgarian intelligence agent who approached him at a street corner in [[London]] and used an umbrella to inject a pellet into Markov's leg.<ref>{{cite news |title=Defector Dies; Blamed Poison-Tipped Umbrella |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 13, 1978 |page=I-7}}</ref> Markov died four days later.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/sep/14/bulgaria-umbrella-murder-archive-1978 |title=From the archive, 14 September 1978: Bulgarian dissident killed by poisoned umbrella at London bus stop |author=((Guardian Staff)) |date=14 September 2012 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=7 June 2019 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The poison-tipped umbrella: the death of Georgi Markov in 1978 |date=9 September 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/from-the-archive-blog/2020/sep/09/georgi-markov-killed-poisoned-umbrella-london-1978 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> An autopsy found a [[platinum]] pellet, smaller than the head of a [[pin]] and shown by a microscope to have small holes within it.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pellet Found in Slain Bulgarian, British Disclose |first=Bernard |last=Nossiter |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 30, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref> 
[[File:Keith Moon 4 - The Who - 1975-2.jpg|120px|thumb|Keith Moon]]
*[[Keith Moon]], 32, English musician and drummer for [[The Who]], died of an overdose of the sedative [[clomethiazole]], having ingested 32 pills.<ref>{{cite book |last=Fletcher |first=Tony |author-link=Tony Fletcher |title=Dear Boy: The Life of Keith Moon |publisher=Omnibus Press |year=1998 |pages=517–524 |isbn=978-1-84449-807-9}}</ref> Moon's death took place inside apartment 12 of 9 [[Curzon Place]] in [[London]], the same flat where [[Cass Elliot]] of [[the Mamas and the Papas]] had died in 1974 at the age of 32.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilkes |first=Roger |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/4812977/Inside-story-9-Curzon-Place.html |title=Inside story: 9 Curzon Place |date=17 February 2001 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=29 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629215613/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/4812977/Inside-story-9-Curzon-Place.html |archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref>

==September 8, 1978 (Friday)==
*Iranian Army troops [[Black Friday (1978)|killed 122 rioters]] in [[Tehran]] and wounded 4,000 others after firing on the crowd.<ref>{{cite news |title=58 Die as Iran Army Fires on Anti-Shah Protesters |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 9, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref> 
*'''Died: '''[[Ricardo Zamora]], 77, Spanish footballer and goalkeeper who managed the Spain national team from 1920 to 1936

==September 9, 1978 (Saturday)==
*Simultaneous attacks were started across [[Nicaragua]] by the [[Sandinistas]], a rebel organization attempting to end decades of rule of the Central American nation by the Somoza family, led by President Anastasio Somoza.<ref>{{cite news |title=The World |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 10, 1978 |page=I-2}}</ref> The Sandinistas took control of the cities of [[Masaya]] and [[Esteli]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Somoza Troops Mount Major Counterattack— Battle 1,000 Rebels in Masaya; 3-Day Death Toll of 200 Feared |first=Leonard |last=Greenwood |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 12, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref> By Wednesday, the group had control of northern Nicaragua and its three largest cities, [[Leon, Nicaragua|Leon]], Esteli and [[Chinandega]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Rebels Holding 3 Nicaragua Cities— Martial Law Declared Throughout Country |first1=Leonard |last1=Greenwood |first2=Frank |last2=del Olmo |author2-link=Frank del Olmo |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 14, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref> Nicaragua's National Guard suppressed the rebellion by September 20 at the cost of more than 1,000 lives.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nicaragua Claims Total Victory but Rebels Pledge New Uprising |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 21, 1978 |page=I-11}}</ref>
*The Soviet space probe [[Venera 11]] was launched from Baikonur at 8:25 in the morning local time (0329 UTC) to explore the planet [[Venus]], and would land there on December 25, returning data for 95 minutes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?MCode=Venera_11 |title=Venera 11 |access-date=2012-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121002131/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?MCode=Venera_11 |archive-date=2015-01-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' [[Gina Gogean]], Romania artistic gymnast, world champion in the vault (1994, 1996); floor exercise (1995, 1996, 1997), and the balance beam (1997); in [[Câmpuri]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Gina Gogean |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/29005 |website=Olympedia |access-date=27 December 2022}}</ref>
*'''Died:'''
**[[Jack L. Warner]], 86, Canadian-born American film mogul who operated [[Warner Bros.]] from 1918 to 1973<ref>{{cite news |title=Jack Warner, Hollywood Movie Pioneer, Dies at 86; He and a Brother Introduced Sound to Films in 1928 |first=Wayne |last=Warga |author-link=Wayne Warga |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 10, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jack L. Warner's Death Closes Out Pioneer Clan of 'Talkies' |magazine=Variety |date=September 13, 1978 |page=2}}</ref>
**[[Hugh MacDiarmid]], 86, Scottish poet<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hugh MacDiarmid: Overview |url=https://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst227.html |access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
**[[Sylvia Ashby]], 70, British-born Australian market researcher and pollster
**[[James Alexander Cowan]], 76, Canadian public relations consultant

==September 10, 1978 (Sunday)==
[[File:Incidente al GP Monza 1978.jpg|150px|thumb|The fatal crash at the Italian Grand Prix]]
*An error at the start of the [[1978 Italian Grand Prix|Italian Grand Prix]] caused an accident involving ten cars which killed driver [[Ronnie Peterson]] and injured [[Vittorio Brambilla]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lauda Wins the Race; Andretti the Title |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 11, 1978 |page=II-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2007 |title=The Accident |url=http://www.ronniepeterson.se/subc/eng/olyckan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829042451/http://www.ronniepeterson.se/subc/eng/olyckan.html |archive-date=2013-08-29 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=RonniePeterson.se}}</ref>

==September 11, 1978 (Monday)==
*[[New Jersey]] became the first of only 16 U.S. states to ratify the [[District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment]], a proposed 27th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would have given the [[District of Columbia]] two U.S. Senators and at least one U.S. Representative, without making D.C. the 51st state.<ref name=neale>{{cite web |url=https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42979.pdf |title=The Proposed Equal Rights Amendment: Contemporary Ratification Issues |last=Neale |first=Thomas |date=May 9, 2013 |publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]] |pages=24–26 |access-date=October 16, 2015}}</ref> Without 38 states having ratified by the deadline on August 22, 1985, the D.C. Voting Rights Amendment failed.<ref name=neale/> The vote to ratify was 59 to 12 in the state assembly and 27 to 5 in the state senate.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Nation |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 12, 1978 |page=I-2}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' 
** [[Ed Reed]], American NFL player, 2004 NFL Defensive Player of the Year, holder of the NFL record for career interception yards (1,590), NFL interception leader 2004, 2008 and 2010), enshrined at the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]; in [[St. Rose, Louisiana]]<ref>{{Profootballhof|ed-reed}}</ref>
** [[Else-Marthe Sørlie Lybekk]], Norwegian [[team handball]] star with 215 caps for the Norway women's national handball team, 2008 gold medalist; in [[Gjøvik]]<ref name=db-ol2000-handball>{{cite web |url=http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=25&sp=HAN |title=2000 Summer Olympics &ndash; Sydney, Australia &ndash; Handball |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407003620/http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=25&sp=HAN |archive-date=2008-04-07 |website=databaseOlympics.com |access-date=February 3, 2008}}</ref>
** [[Dejan Stanković]], Serbian footballer with 103 caps for the Yugoslavian, and later the Serbian national team; in [[Belgrade]], [[SR Serbia]], [[Yugoslavia]]<ref>{{cite web |title=D. Stanković |url=https://int.soccerway.com/coaches/dejan-stankovic/763// |website=Soccerway}}</ref>
** [[Ben Lee]], Australian actor and singer known for ''[[The Rage in Placid Lake]]''; in [[Sydney]]<ref>{{Official website|http://www.ben-lee.com/}}</ref>
*'''Died:'''
**[[Janet Parker]], 40, British medical photographer at the [[University of Birmingham]] became [[1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom#Parker's illness and death|the last human being to die from smallpox]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Smallpox kills woman victim |newspaper=Evening Standard |location=London |date=September 11, 1978 |page=1}}</ref> after having become ill from [[smallpox]] 25 days earlier.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pallen |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Pallen |title=The Last Days of Smallpox: Tragedy in Birmingham |title-link=The Last Days of Smallpox |year=2018 |publisher=Amazon KDP |location=UK |isbn=9781980455226}}</ref>
**[[Valerian Gracias]], 77, [[India]]n Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Bombay since 1950
**[[Georgi Markov]], 49, Bulgarian novelist, journalist and dissident, died of blood poisoning after being assaulted on September 7.<ref>{{cite news |title=Defector's mystery death |first1=Lindsay |last1=Mackie |first2=John |last2=Andrews |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |date=September 12, 1978 |page=1}}</ref>
**[[Ronnie Peterson]], 34, Swedish Formula One race car driver, died the day after being injured in a crash at the [[1978 Italian Grand Prix]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Peterson Dies of Injuries in Monza Crash |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 12, 1978 |page=III-1}}</ref>
**[[Curtis Shake]], 91, American jurist who served as the presiding judge in the [[IG Farben trial]] as part of the [[Nuremberg trials]] of 1947 and 1948.

==September 12, 1978 (Tuesday)==
*For the first time since World War I, Greek warships were allowed by Turkey to pass through the [[Dardanelles]] and the [[Bosporus]] [[strait]]s as two Greek Navy destroyers visited the [[Black Sea]] port of [[Odisha|Odessa]] in the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The World |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 13, 1978 |page=I-2}}</ref>
*The Declaration of Alma Ata was signed in the capital city of the Kazakh SSR in the Soviet Union, providing the core document on primary health care practices and paving the way for what is now the Kazakhstan healthcare system.
*The U.S. TV situation comedy ''[[Taxi (TV series)|Taxi]]'', starring [[Judd Hirsch]]), [[Marilu Henner]], [[Tony Danza]], [[Christopher Lloyd]], [[Danny DeVito]] and [[Andy Kaufman]], premiered on the ABC network for the first of 114 episodes over five seasons. Created by [[James L. Brooks]] and [[David Davis (TV producer)|David Davis]], the show was inspired by an article in ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' magazine, "Night-Shifting for the Hip Fleet", by Mark Jacobson, which appeared on September 22, 1975.<ref>{{cite book |first=Jeff |last=Sorensen |title=The Taxi Book |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |year=1987 |page=3}}</ref> The last original episode would be telecast on June 15, 1983. During its run, ''Taxi'' would win 18 [[Emmy Awards]] and 25 [[Golden Globes]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lovece |first1=Frank |author1-link=Frank Lovece |last2=Franco |first2=Jules |title=Hailing Taxi: The Official Book of the Show |location=New York |publisher=[[Prentice Hall]] |year=1988}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' 
** [[Ruben Studdard]], American gospel singer; in [[Frankfurt]], [[West Germany]]<ref>[http://starbulletin.com/2007/01/02/features/story01.html Birmingham man The "American Idol" brings his Bible-Belt charm to Hawaii] by Burl Burlingame, Star-Bulletin, January 2, 2007, retrieved December 10, 2007,</ref>
** [[Ben McKenzie]] (stage name for Benjamin McKenzie Schenkkan), American TV and film actor; in [[Austin, Texas]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/benjamin-mckenzie/bio/189542 |title=Benjamin McKenzie |publisher=[[TV Guide|TVGuide.com]] |access-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-date=September 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910173517/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/benjamin-mckenzie/bio/189542 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==September 13, 1978 (Wednesday)==
*Code-named "Diablo Hawk", the first test of [[Project Excalibur]], a project by the U.S. [[Defense Nuclear Agency]] to develop an [[x-ray laser]] to disable ballistic missiles, was unsuccessful. The instrumentation on a device invented by [[George Chapline]] failed to measure any effects.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hecht |first=Jeff |title=The History of the X-ray Laser |journal= Optics & Photonics News |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages= 26 |date=May 2008 |url=https://www.osa-opn.org/home/articles/volume_19/issue_5/features/the_history_of_the_x-ray_laser/ |issn=1047-6938 |doi=10.1364/OPN.19.5.000026 |bibcode=2008OptPN..19R..26H |access-date=2017-06-16 |archive-date=2017-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624070915/https://www.osa-opn.org/home/articles/volume_19/issue_5/features/the_history_of_the_x-ray_laser/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*The [[Ford Motor Company]] became the first U.S. corporation to be indicted on criminal charges, as a grand jury in [[Elkhart County, Indiana]], returned a four count criminal indictment for reckless homicide and criminal negligence in the design and manufacture of a [[Ford Pinto]] automobile that had burst into flame in an accident on August 10 that killed three girls.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ford Firm Indicted in Deaths of 3 Girls |first=Larry |last=Green |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 15, 1978 |page=I-7}}</ref>
*'''Died:''' [[Annie Ina Laidlaw]], 89, Australian nursing matron who led the [[Royal Australian Naval Nursing Service]] during the Second World War.<ref>{{Citation |last=Vines |first=Patricia C. |title=Annie Ina Laidlaw (1889–1978) |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/laidlaw-annie-ina-10770 |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |access-date=2023-12-09 |place=Canberra |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |language=en}}</ref>

==September 14, 1978 (Thursday)==
*The National Emergencies Act of 1976, passed on September 14, 1976, became effective, terminating four different states of emergency that had been declared in 1933 (to prevent bank failures), 1950 (during the Korean War), 1970 (during a postal strike) and 1971 (an economic policy declaration), ending the power of the U.S. President "to institute martial law, seize property and restrict travel" as well to "send armed forces into action abroad, take control of communications facilities and even set the stage for secret rules and regulations by closing the [[Federal Register]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Law Ends Four States of Emergency |first=John H. |last=Averill |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 15, 1978 |page=I-8}}</ref>
*In the Philippines, 17 people near Manila were killed when a Philippine Air Force airplane crashed into the Barrio Santos neighborhood, along with 15 of the 24 people on the aircraft. The Fokker F-27 airplane was attempting to land at Nichols Air Base during a thunderstorm and was carrying members of the security staff of President Ferdinand Marcos, who had accompanied him to birthday celebrations.<ref>[https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/328787 Aviation Safety Network]</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Manila Plane Crash Kills 33 |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 15, 1978 |page=I-15}}</ref>
*After only 17 days in office, the government of Portugal's Prime Minister [[Alfredo Nobre da Costa]] and his 14-member cabinet were forced to resign when a vote of no confidence passed, 140 to 123 in the Assembly of the Republic.<ref>{{cite news |title=Defeat in Parliament Topples 17-Day-Old Portuguese Regime |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 15, 1978 |page=I-11}}</ref>
*The U.S. TV science fiction comedy ''[[Mork & Mindy]]'', starring [[Robin Williams]] and [[Pam Dawber]], premiered on the ABC network and would become the surprise hit of the 1978-79 U.S. prime time season as the third most popular program of the year. Despite the show's success, its producers decided to change the format the following season and ratings would decline dramatically, with cancellation in 1982 after four seasons and 91 episodes.
*'''Born:''' 
** [[Ben Cohen (rugby union)|Ben Cohen]], English rugby union player, with 57 caps for the England national rugby union team and captain of the 2003 world champions; in [[Northampton]], [[Northamptonshire]]<ref>[http://en.espn.co.uk/england/rugby/player/13278.html Ben Cohen], ESPN Scrum</ref>
** [[Ron DeSantis]], U.S. politician, Republican [[Governor of Florida]] since 2019 and former U.S. Representative; in [[Jacksonville, Florida]]<ref>{{CongLinks |congbio=D000621}}</ref>
** [[Carmen Kass]], Estonian supermodel; in [[Paide]], [[Estonian SSR]], [[Soviet Union]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Palju õnne, Carmen Kass! 37 fakti meie supermodelli ilust ja elust |url=https://kroonika.delfi.ee/artikkel/72443421/palju-onne-carmen-kass-37-fakti-meie-supermodelli-ilust-ja-elust |publisher=Kroonika |access-date=24 April 2024 |language=et |date=23 April 2014}}</ref>

==September 15, 1978 (Friday)==
*[[Muhammad Ali]] [[Leon Spinks vs. Muhammad Ali II|regained the world heavyweight boxing championship]] at the age of 36 in a unanimous decision in a 15-round bout with [[Leon Spinks]], who had dethroned him from the heavyweight crown [[Muhammad Ali vs. Leon Spinks|on February 15]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ali Turns Back Clock and Wins Title Again— Becomes Champion for the Third Time With Unanimous Decision Over Spinks |first=Jack |last=Hawn |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 16, 1978 |page=III-1}}</ref> The fight was telecast from the [[Caesars Superdome|Superdome]] in [[New Orleans]] by the ABC network which had purchased the U.S. rights for $5.3 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxrec.com/show/15997|website=BoxRec|title=Friday 15, September 1978|accessdate=November 7, 2020}}</ref>  
*'''Born:''' [[Eiður Guðjohnsen]], Icelandic footballer with 88 caps for the Iceland national team; in [[Reykjavík]]
*'''Died: '''[[Willy Messerschmitt]], 80, German aircraft designer known for designing the [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]] Luftwaffe fighter, the second most-produced warplane in history, and the [[Messerschmitt Me 209]]<ref>{{cite news |title=German Air Pioneer Messerschmitt Dies |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 16, 1978 |page=I-4}}</ref>

==September 16, 1978 (Saturday)==
*[[1978 Tabas earthquake|A 7.4 magnitude earthquake killed at least 15,000 people]] in the city of [[Tabas]] in [[Iran]]. The quake was measured with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of IX (Violent).<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran Quake Leaves 11,000 Dead, 40 Towns in Ruins— Only 2,000 in City of 12,000 Survive 7.7 Shock; Death Toll Rising as Bodies Are Pulled From Rubble |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 18, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Iran City No longer Exists; Victims Hunted in Rubble— Quake Toll in Northeast Area May Reach 15,000; Tabas Destroyed in 90 Seconds; Disease a Threat |first=Joe Alex |last=Morris Jr. |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 19, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref> 
*General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]], who had overthrown the government a year earlier, formally assumed the post of [[President of Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The World|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 17, 1978 |page=I-2}}</ref>
*For the first time in thoroughbred horse racing history, two U.S. Triple Crown winners competed against each other in the same race.[[Seattle Slew]], who had won the Triple Crown (Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes) in 1977 upset the 1978 Triple Crown winner, [[Affirmed]] in the [[Marlboro Cup Invitational Handicap]] at Belmont, New York, finishing in first place three lengths ahead of Affirmed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seattle Slew Beats Affirmed by 3 Lengths |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 17, 1978 |page=III-1}}</ref>
*'''Born:'''  [[Stephanie Murphy]], American politician, U.S. Representative for Florida from 2017 to 2023 and the first Vietnamese-born woman to be member of the U.S. Congress; as Dang Thi Ngoc Dung in [[Ho Chi Minh City]]<ref>{{cite web |title=MURPHY, Stephanie |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001202 |website=bioguide.congress.gov}}</ref>

==September 17, 1978 (Sunday)==
*The [[Camp David Accords]] were signed at the U.S. presidential retreat of Camp David between Menahem Begin of Israel and Anwar Sadat of Egypt.<ref>{{cite news |title='MIDEAST PEACE FRAMEWORK' SIGNED— Sadat and Begin Pledge Treaty Within Three Months; Carter Hails Success of Negotiation |first=Jack |last=Nelson |author-link=Jack Nelson (journalist) |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 18, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref>
*The science fiction television show ''[[Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)|Battlestar Galactica]]'', starring  [[Lorne Greene]], [[Richard Hatch (actor)|Richard Hatch]], and [[Dirk Benedict]], premiered on the ABC television network in the U.S., and would run for 24 episodes after poor ratings for the most expensive American TV program up to that time. The program was similar enough to the successful 1977 film ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' that [[20th Century Studios|20th Century Fox]] sued [[Universal Pictures|Universal Studios]] for [[plagiarism]], [[copyright infringement]], [[unfair competition]], and [[Lanham Act]] claims.<ref name=Universal_vs_BSG>{{cite book |via=Google Books |last=Fullen |first=Andrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4MVfuQR0UsC&q=Battlestar+Galactica++Studios+lawsuit&pg=PA91 |title=Universal Studios vs. Battlestar Galactica |pages=10, 171 |publisher=[[CreateSpace]] |date=November 1, 2007 |isbn=1-4348-1579-X}}</ref> The final original episode would be aired on April 29, 1979.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Criswell |first1=David |first2=Richie |last2=Levine |year=2006 |title=Somewhere Beyond the Heavens: Battlestar Galactica Unofficial Companion |publisher=Imprint Books |isbn=1591099935}}</ref>
*Rolf Günther, a pastor in the town of [[Falkenstein, Saxony|Falkenstein]] in [[East Germany]], committed [[self-immolation]] in front of his congregation during services at the Church of the Holy Cross. Günther had doused himself with a flammable liquid while in the [[vestry]] of the Church before walking to the front of the altar while the parishioners were singing a hymn, then stretched out his hands to the altar candles to ignite himself. Church officials denied that his action was politically motivated.<ref>{{cite news |title=East German Pastor Sets Himself Aflame at Altar During Services |first=Harry |last=Trimborn |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 20, 1978 |page=I-11}}</ref>

==September 18, 1978 (Monday)==
*''[[Pegasus 1]]'', at {{convert|3200|lb}} one of the heaviest satellites ever launched into space, fell out of orbit after more than 13 years and burned up as it plummeted through Earth's atmosphere over northern [[Angola]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Fiery Pegasus 1 Satellite Falls Toward Africa |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 18, 1978 |page=I-4}}</ref> with one large fragment plunging into the Atlantic Ocean off of the Angolan coast.<ref>{{cite news |title=The World |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 19, 1978 |page=I-2}}</ref>
*The American TV situation comedy ''[[WKRP in Cincinnati]]'', about a fictional [[radio station]] in [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]], premiered on the CBS network for the first of 90 episodes over four years. The last original episode would be telecast on April 21, 1982.<ref>{{cite book| first=Michael B.| last=Kassel| title=America's Favorite Radio Station: WKRP in Cincinnati| publisher=Popular Press| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-esBmJWj3sC&q=wilson| date=June 15, 1993| isbn=978-0-8797-2584-6}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' [[Billy Eichner]], American TV actor, comedian and producer known for ''[[Difficult People]]''; in [[Queens, New York City]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-26 |title=18 Things to Know About Billy Eichner |url=https://www.heyalma.com/18-things-to-know-about-billy-eichner/ |access-date=2022-01-28 |website=Alma |language=en-US |archive-date=January 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128194455/https://www.heyalma.com/18-things-to-know-about-billy-eichner/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==September 19, 1978 (Tuesday)==
*Two days after the signing of the Camp David Accords, U.S. President [[Jimmy Carter]] made one of the most important decisions of his presidency and held a meeting at the White House with [[Chai Zemin]], the Director of the Liaison Office of the People's Republic of China in Washington, to discuss relations between the two nations. After conferring with Chai, Carter ordered [[Leonard Woodcock]], the U.S. liaison in Beijing, to inform the Chinese government of a change in U.S. foreign policy, and to establish full diplomatic relations by January 1, 1979. The conferences thereafter would be kept a secret for almost three months before a joint announcement from both Washington and Beijing that the U.S. and the PRC would exchange ambassadors and that the U.S. would sever diplomatic relations with the Republic of China at [[Taiwan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=President Set China Goal on Sept. 19 |first=Oswald |last=Johnston |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 17, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref>    
*The [[Solomon Islands]] was admitted as the newest member of the United Nations.<ref>{{cite book |author=United Nations Department of Public Information |title=Yearbook of the United Nations 2011 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_iqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1462 |date=31 December 2015 |publisher=[[United Nations]] |isbn=978-92-1-057510-2 |pages=1462}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' [[Mariano Puerta]], Argentine tennis player who reached the finals of the 2005 French Open but was banned from the sport for eight years because of [[Doping in sport|doping]]; in [[San Francisco, Córdoba]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Mariano Puerta |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/-/P372/overview |website=atptour.com |publisher=Association of Tennis Professionals}}</ref>
*'''Died:''' [[Carl Bridgewater]], 13, a newspaper carrier in England, was shot dead when he inadvertently disturbed a burglary.

==September 20, 1978 (Wednesday)==
*The Rhodesian Air Force, Rhodesian Light Infantry and Special Air Service carried out [[Operation Snoopy]], a massive retaliation against the [[Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army]] (ZIPRA) in neighboring [[Mozambique]], near [[Chimoio]], as well as against the armored division of the army of Mozambique.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Rhodesian War: A Military History |last1=Moorcraft |first1=Paul L |author-link1=Paul Moorcraft |last2=McLaughlin |first2=Peter |author-link2=Peter McLaughlin|date=2008 |orig-year=1982 |location=Barnsley |publisher=[[Pen and Sword Books]] |pages=140–143 |isbn=978-1-84415-694-8}}</ref> The operation was a punitive strike against the ZIPRA guerrillas for the September 3 shootdown [[Air Rhodesia Flight 825]] and the massacre of its survivors. 
*[[John Vorster|B. J. Vorster]] announced at a press conference that he was resigning as [[Prime Minister of South Africa]] after 12 years because he was unable to fulfill "the strenuous duties of office," but added that he would be available to fill the largely ceremonial office of [[State President of South Africa|State President]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Vorster Quits as S. African Prime Minister— Apparent Poor Health Ends His Rule |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 21, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref> Vorster would be replaced on October 2 by his Minister of Defence, [[P. W. Botha]].
*The [[Umm al-Tabul Mosque]] was completed in [[Baghdad]], capital of [[Iraq]], after 14 years of construction.
*Soviet cosmonauts [[Vladimir Kovalenok]] and [[Aleksandr Ivanchenkov]], in orbit on the [[Salyut 6]] space station, broke the record for longest time in outer space, surpassing the old record of 96 days and 10 hours. The two had been launched on [[Soyuz 29]] on June 15.<ref>{{cite news |title=2 Cosmonauts Break Record |agency=UPI |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 21, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref>
*The [[musical theatre|musical]] [[revue]] ''[[Eubie!]]'', featuring the jazz and ragtime music of composer [[Eubie Blake]], opened on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] for the first of 439 performances.
*'''Born:''' 
** [[Jason Bay]], Canadian baseball player, 2004 National League Rookie of the Year, inductee to the [[Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame]]; in [[Trail, British Columbia]]
** [[Sarit Hadad]] (stage name for Sarah Hudadatov), Israeli pop music singer; in [[Afula]]<ref>{{Scrum|13436}}</ref>
**[[Inés Sainz]], Mexican model and sports journalist; in [[Querétaro (city)|Querétaro]]<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/2010/09/13/2010-09-13_ines_sainz_mexican_sports_reporter_claiming_sexual_harassment_by_jets_uses_twitt.html|newspaper = [[New York Daily News]]|date = September 13, 2010|title = Ines Sainz, reporter in Jets sexual harassment firestorm, defends self, denies feeling offended|first1 = Michael|last1 = Sheridan|first2 = Meena|last2 = Hartenstein}}</ref> 
*'''Died:''' 
**[[Elisa Ochoa]], 80, the first woman elected to the Philippine Congress
**[[Lilly Becher]], 77, East German journalist and author<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Lilly (Korpus) Becher|url=http://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363%3b-1424.html?ID=4625|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de}}</ref>

==September 21, 1978 (Thursday)==
*[[Abdallah Mohamed Kamil]] was dismissed from his job as [[List of prime ministers of Djibouti|Prime Minister of Djibouti]] by President [[Hassan Gouled Aptidon]], and was replaced by [[Barkat Gourad Hamadou]] on October 2.<ref>"Nov 1978 - Cabinet Reorganization under New Prime Minister", Keesing's Record of World Events, Volume XXIV, November, 1978 Djibouti, Page 29308.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The World |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 22, 1978 |page=I-2}}</ref>
*The Los Angeles Strings, led by [[Ilie Nastase]] and [[Chris Evert]], defeated the  Boston Lobsters, headed by [[Martina Navratilova]], 28 to 25, to win the best 3-of-5 championship series of the original [[World Team Tennis#First League|World Team Tennis]]  (WTT).<ref>{{cite news |title=Evert Leads Way as Strings Win Championship |first=Elizabeth |last=Wheeler |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 22, 1978 |page=III-1}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' 
** [[Doug Howlett]], New Zealand rugby union player with 63 caps for the New Zealand national team; in [[Auckland]]
** [[Josh Thomson]], American mixed martial artist and lightweight world championship for Strikeforce mixed martial arts; in [[San Jose, California]]<ref>{{UFC|josh-thomson}}</ref>
**[[Dinakar Thoogudeepa]], Indian film director and actor; in [[Mysore]], [[Karnataka]] state<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dinakar Thoogudeep : Kannada Director, Movies, Biography, Photos |url=https://chiloka.com/celebrity/dinakar-thoogudeep |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=chiloka.com |archive-date=20 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220195539/https://chiloka.com/celebrity/dinakar-thoogudeep |url-status=live }}</ref>
*'''Died:''' [[Enrique Gomezjurado]], 87, Ecuadorian artist<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diccionario Biográfico de Artistas Plásticos del Ecuador|last=Rodríguez Casteló|first=Hernán|publisher=Centro Cultural Benjamín Carrión|year=2004|pages=60–61}}</ref>

==September 22, 1978 (Friday)==
*In the UK, [[Winter of Discontent#11|15,000 autoworkers went on strike]] against [[Ford of Britain]], at the direction of the [[Transport and General Workers Union]] (TGWU).
*A U.S. Navy [[Lockheed P-3 Orion|P-3 Orion]] fell apart while flying near the town of [[Poland, Maine]], when an over-pressurized fuel tank caused one of its wings to separate from the craft, followed by part of the tail section, the other wing and the engines.  All eight people aboard were killed.<ref>{{cite news |title=8 Killed as Navy Plane Explodes |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 23, 1978 |page=I-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sunjournal.com/oxford-hills/story/907518 |last=Langeveld |first=M. Dirk |title=The ultimate sacrifice; wreck sites a reminder of military plane disasters |department=Oxford Hills |date=12 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310174154/http://www.sunjournal.com/oxford-hills/story/907518 |archive-date=10 March 2012 |newspaper=[[Lewiston Sun Journal]] |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' [[Harry Kewell]], Australian footballer with 58 caps for the Australia national team; in [[Sydney]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Harry Kewell: Overview |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/1049/Harry-Kewell/overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=18 August 2022}}</ref>
*'''Died:''' [[A. J. Bakunas]], 27, American stuntman, died one day after attempting to regain the world record for highest jump from a structure. Bakunas was in [[Lexington, Kentucky]], where he had been part of the filming of the movie ''[[Steel (1979 film)|Steel]]'', when he jumped from a height of {{convert|323|ft}} from a tall building, with plans for his fall to be stopped by an inflated [[airbag]]. The bag split upon impact and he was fatally injured.<ref>{{cite news |title=Stuntman Dies of Injuries in Attempt at Record Fall |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 23, 1978 |page=I-14}}</ref>

==September 23, 1978 (Saturday)== 
*Major League Baseball player [[Lyman Bostock]], an outfielder for the [[California Angels]], was fatally wounded when he was shot in the head while visiting friends in [[Gary, Indiana]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=brIvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GPkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3680%2C2384207 |work=Spokane Daily Chronicle |location=(Washington) |agency=Associated Press |title=Angels' star victim|date=September 25, 1978 |page=21}}</ref> Before driving to Gary, Bostock had scored the Angels' final run in a 5 to 4 loss to the [[Chicago White Sox]] at Chicago's Comiskey Park.<ref>{{cite news |title=Angel Game at a Glance|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 24, 1978 |page=III-17}}</ref> He died the next day.
*'''Born:''' [[Anthony Mackie]], American film actor and LGBT activist; in [[New Orleans]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anthony Mackie – Overview|work=[[Allmovie]]|url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/anthony-mackie-347951|access-date=June 21, 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090611043531/http://www.allmovie.com/artist/anthony-mackie-347951| archive-date= June 11, 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| url-status=live}}</ref>

==September 24, 1978 (Sunday)==
*[[1978 Swiss referendums#11|Voters in Switzerland approved creation]] of the [[canton of Jura]], the 26th [[cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of the European nation, with a capital at [[Delémont]], which was carved out of the [[Canton of Bern]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The World |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 25, 1978 |page=I-2}}</ref>
*In the championship of [[Gaelic football]], played at [[Croke Park]] in [[Dublin]], [[Kerry county football team|County Kerry]] defeated [[Dublin county football team|County Dublin]] by [[1978 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final|a score of 5-11 to 0-9]] (equivalent to 26 to 9.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/con-houlihan-paddy-dashed-back-to-his-goal-like-a-woman-who-smells-a-cake-burning--26885274.html |title='Paddy dashed back to his goal like a woman who smells a cake burning...'|newspaper=[[Irish Independent]] |date=9 August 2012|access-date=9 August 2012}}</ref>
*The Ayatollah [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] of [[Iran]], who had lived at [[Najaf]] in [[Iraq]] for 13 years, was expelled from Iraq by President Saddam Hussein, pursuant to an agreement between Iran and Iraq, in order to prevent Khomeini from inciting a revolution.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mutalib |first1=Hussin |title=Islam, Muslims and the Modern State: Case-Studies of Muslims in Thirteen Countries |date=18 June 1996 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan (June 18, 1996) |isbn=978-0-333-66969-3}}</ref> Khomeini was turned away from several Muslim nations before settling in France at [[Neauphle-le-Château]]. Three months later, Khomeini would return to Iran as its leader and the Shah of Iran would be forced to flee into exile.
*'''Died:'''
**[[John Paisley (CIA officer)|John Paisley]], 55, U.S. intelligence agent and CIA officer, disappeared in [[Chesapeake Bay]] after being last seen on his [[sloop]] ''Brillig'' after departing from Solomons Island. The empty boat ran aground the next day at Point Lookout.<ref>{{cite news |title=CIA May Be Involved In Boat Mystery |newspaper=The Daily Times (Salisbury MD) |date=September 27, 1978 |page=10}}</ref> A body, identified by Paisley's dental charts, was found floating in [[Chesapeake Bay]] one week later, at the mouth of the [[Potomac River]]. The decomposing corpse had been belted with {{convert|40|lb}} of divers' weights, and a .38 caliber bullet was found behind Paisley's left ear.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-CIA Official's Body Found in Bay— Shot Behind Ear, Belted With Diving Weights, Maryland Police Report |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 4, 1978 |page=I-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Simlc |first=Tad |date=1979-01-07 |title=The Missing CIA Man; His Suicide was Bizarre|language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/01/07/archives/the-missing-cia-man-his-suicide-was-bizarre-the-nature-of-his-cia.html |access-date=2023-12-13 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
**[[Hasso von Manteuffel]], 81, German General who directed tank warfare during the 1944 [[Battle of the Bulge]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Nazi General at Battle of the Bulge Dies at 81 |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 26, 1978 |page=I-10}}</ref>

==September 25, 1978 (Monday)==
{{multiple image
| direction         = vertical
| footer            = Artist's Rendition of the Initial collision (top) and GIF of the Radar tracking of PSA Flight 182 (bottom)
| footer_align      = center
| image1            = PSA182-impact.png
| alt1              = picture1
| width1            = 200
| image2            = Psa182.gif
| alt2              = picture 2
| width2            = 200
}}
*In [[San Diego]], [[California]], 144 people were killed when [[PSA Flight 182|Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 182]], a Boeing 727, collided with a small private airplane while attempting to land. At the time, the PSA 182 crash was listed as the worst air disaster in U.S. history, killing 128 passengers and seven crew on the airliner, both the flight instructor and the pilot on the Cessna 172, and 10 people near Balboa Park in San Diego's North Park neighborhood.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rarenewspapers.com/view/688990 |title=147 DIE IN SAN DIEGO AIR COLLISION — Jet Falls on Homes, Starts Fires |first=Jack |last=Jones |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 25, 1978 |page=I-1 |via=rarenewspapers.com}}</ref> The Boeing 727 crashed at the intersection of Nile Street and Dwight Street, and through houses as far as Boundary Street.<ref>{{cite news |title=Death, Destruction Stun Residents at Crash Site |first=David |last=Smollar |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 26, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref>
*Testimony before the [[United States House Select Committee on Assassinations]] resolved a mystery of almost 15 years about the "[[Umbrella man (JFK assassination)|umbrella man]]" who could be seen on film footage opening an umbrella at the moment of the fatal shot during the 1963 [[assassination of John F. Kennedy]]. Ending speculation that he sending a signal to shooters, Louie Steven Witt, an insurance salesman in Dallas, said that his purpose was to protest against Kennedy with a symbol of appeasement, said that "If the Guinness Book had records for people being in the wrong place at the wrong time and doing the wrong thing, I'd be number one in that category without even a runner-up."<ref>{{cite news |title=Mystery 'Umbrella Man' in Assassination Says He Meant to Heckle Kennedy |first=Robert L. |last=Jackson |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 26, 1978 |page=I-4}}</ref>
*''[[Life (magazine)|LIFE]]'', a news and picture [[magazine]], which had published as a popular weekly from 1936 to 1972, returned to regular publication as a monthly.<ref>{{cite news |title=Life Magazine Returns Today |agency=UPI |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 25, 1978 |page=I-5}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' [[Irakli Kobakhidze]], Georgian politician, 16th Prime Minister of Georgia, in [[Tbilisi]], Georgian SSR<ref>https://www.interpressnews.ge/en/profiles/13-irakli-kobakhidze/</ref>
*'''Died:''' [[Bret Morrison]], 66, American radio actor and cabaret singer, best known for portraying the title character on the show ''[[The Shadow]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bret Morrison, Shadow of Radio Fame, Found Dead |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 26, 1978 |page=I-3}}</ref>

==September 26, 1978 (Tuesday)==
*[[Air Caribbean Flight 309]] crashed on takeoff from [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]], after narrowly missing a collision with Eastern Airlines Flight 75, which was landing at the same airport. The [[wake turbulence]] from the Eastern Airlines L-1011 Tri-Star jet was powerful enough that the pilot of the smaller Air Caribbean [[Beechcraft Model 18|Beechcraft 18]] lost control and the aircraft plummeted into a tavern in the San Juan [[barrio]] of [[Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico|Santurce]]. All six people on the Air Caribbean plane were killed, and several people in the tavern were injured, two of them fatally.<ref>{{cite news |title=Eight Killed in Puerto Rico Plane Crash |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 27, 1978 |page=I-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=4067|title=Accident Beechcraft D18S N500L, 26 Sep 1978|first=Harro|last=Ranter|website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
*[[South Korea]] launched its first ballistic missile, "Korea-1", a [[Nike Hercules]] surface-to-air rocket with a range of {{convert|90|mi}}, and capable of carrying a nuclear warhead. President [[Park Chung Hee]] had previously ordered the development of short-range missiles and a nuclear weapons program that he forecast to be operational by 1983. After Park's assassination in 1979, his successor, [[Chun Doo-hwan]], discontinued further spending on the two programs.
*In a vote by parliamentary members of South Africa's ruling [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]], Defense Minister [[P. W. Botha]] was selected to be the new party chairman to succeed the outgoing [[John Vorster]], and effectively became the designated successor to Vorster as Prime Minister of South Africa. On the first ballot, none of the three candidates received the 87 votes required for a majority, with P. W. Botha having 78, Black Affairs Minister [[Connie Mulder|Cornelius "Connie" Mulder]] 72 and Foreign Minister [[Pik Botha]] 22. Pik Botha withdrew and in the second vote P. W. Botha defeated Mulder, 98 to 74.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pieter Botha Selected as New Premier of South Africa |first=Jack |last=Foisie |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 29, 1978 |page=I-21}}</ref>
*'''Died:''' [[Manne Siegbahn]], 91, Swedish physicist and 1924 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] laureate for his discoveries and research in the field of [[X-ray spectroscopy]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1924/siegbahn-bio.html |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1924 |date=2014 |website=Nobelprize.org |publisher=Nobel Media AB |access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>

==September 27, 1978 (Wednesday)==
[[File:August Sabbe memorial monument.JPG|200px|thumb|Graveside of August Sabbe, the last Estonian partisan]]
*[[August Sabbe]], the last of the [[Estonian partisans]] who had resisted the Soviet Union's annexation of [[Estonia]] since 1940, was discovered, by two [[KGB]] agents who had been posing as fishermen. Sabbe, who had been the remaining member of the "[[Guerrilla war in the Baltic states|Forest Brethren]]" ("''Metsavennad''") had hidden in the woods for more than 30 years before being tracked down by the Soviet intelligence service to his birthplace at the village of [[Paidra]] in the [[Estonian SSR]] and had jumped into the [[Võhandu|Vohandu River]] rather than to be arrested, and drowned at the age of 69.<ref>[http://kultuur.elu.ee/ke482_august_sabbe.htm "August Sabbe raddadel"] ("On the trail of August Sabbe"), by Margit-Mariann Koppel, ''Kultuur ja Elu'' magazine (April 2005)</ref>
*Pope John Paul I made his last public appearance, speaking to and entertaining a crowd at his fourth weekly papal audience.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pope's Casual, Humorous Style Charms Public |agency=AP |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 29, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' [[Ani Lorak]], popular Ukrainian singer; in [[Kitsman]], [[Ukrainian SSR]], [[Soviet Union]]

==September 28, 1978 (Thursday)==
[[File:Ioannes Paulus I, by Fotografia Felici, 1978 (cropped).jpg|120px|thumb|Pope John Paul I]]
*[[Pope John Paul I]] died after only 35 days as the leader of the Roman Catholic Church. According to a spokesman for the Vatican, the Pope died a about 11 o'clock at night and his death was not discovered until 5:30 the next morning when his household staff arrived to wake him up.<ref>{{cite news |title=POPE JOHN PAUL I DIES IN HIS SLEEP— Pontiff, 65, Stricken by Heart Attack; Reign Lasted Only 35 Days |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 29, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref> Almost 40 years later, an Italian journalist would publish findings that Pope John Paul had complained of chest pains the night before, and had severe pain in his chest at 7:00 in the evening while reciting the [[vespers]] along with his secretary, [[John Magee (bishop)|Bishop John Magee]]. Although the pain lasted for five minutes, the Pope directed that his physician, Dr. Renato Buzzonetti, not be called.<ref>[https://aleteia.org/2017/11/06/john-paul-is-mysterious-death-now-less-a-mystery "Is the mystery over the death of John Paul I finally solved?"], by Ary Waldir Ramos Diaz, ''Aleteia'', June 11, 2017</ref>
*'''Born:''' [[Dane Boedigheimer]], American Internet personality, actor and musician, in [[Itasco County, Minnesota]]<ref>https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VCGD-7NC</ref>

==September 29, 1978 (Friday)==
*[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 435]], was passed, creating the [[United Nations Transition Assistance Group]] (UNTAG) for the eventual independence of the trusteeship territory of [[South-West Africa]] (now [[Namibia]]). The transition process would not begin until a ceasefire in 1988, with UNTAG providing security during the withdrawal of troops and supervision of elections in advance of Namibia's independence in 1990.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wellens|first=Karen|author2=T.M.C. Asser Instituut|author2-link=T.M.C. Asser Instituut|title=Resolutions and statements of the United Nations Security Council (1946–1989): a thematic guide|publisher=BRILL|date=1990|page=200|isbn=978-0-7923-0796-9}}</ref>
*Outgoing Prime Minister [[John Vorster]] was elected by a joint session of both houses of South Africa's parliament (the House of Assembly and the Senate) as the new [[State President of South Africa]], a largely ceremonial post, with voting along party lines and 173 of the 204 votes coming from the National Party. Sir de Villiers Graaf of the New Republic Party was a distant second with 19, and Guerenino Bozzoli of the Progressive Party had 12.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vorster Elected South Africa President |first=Jack |last=Foisie |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 30, 1978 |page=I-14}}</ref> 
*'''Born:''' [[Kurt Nilsen]], Norwegian singer; in [[Bergen]]

==September 30, 1978 (Saturday)==
*[[Finnair Flight 405]] was hijacked by Aarno Lamminparras in [[Oulu]] in [[Finland]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Lauri |last=Puintila |title=Kaappari Lamminparras: Suomen ensimmäisen konekaappauksen tarina |publisher=[[Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö|WSOY]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-951-0-35501-5 |language=fi}}</ref> After collecting a $206,000 ransom, Lamminparras released 45 of his 48 hostages, taking with him the pilot, co-pilot and flight engineer on a flight to [[Amsterdam]] in the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite news |title=Finn Hijacks Jet for Ransom |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 1, 1978 |page=I-2}}</ref>
*'''Born:''' [[Candice Michelle]] (ring name for Candice Michelle Beckman), American professional wrestler and model and 2007 WWE Women's Champion; in [[Milwaukee]]
*'''Died:''' [[Edgar Bergen]], 75, American ventriloquist, comedian and radio star known for his program (with his dummy, [[Charlie McCarthy]]) on ''[[The Chase and Sanborn Hour]]'' on the NBC Radio Network, was found dead in his room at the Caesars Palace hotel in [[Las Vegas]], where he had been booked for a two-week performance.;<ref>{{cite news |title=Edgar Bergen, 75, Found Dead in Vegas Hotel Suite |first=Bill |last=Haslett |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 1, 1978 |page=I-1}}</ref> Bergen's death came only nine days after he had announced his retirement and his donation of the Charlie dummy to the Smithsonian Institution<ref>{{cite news |title=Bergen to Finally Dummy Up |first=Richard |last=West |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 22, 1978 |page=II-1}}</ref> and the day after his third performance during the booking.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Events by month links}}

[[Category:September|1978]]
[[Category:1978|*1978-09]]
[[Category:Months in the 1970s|*1978-09]]