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{{Short description|Tribe of rodents}}
{{Automatic Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|fossil_range=[[Pliocene]] to Recent<ref name=DE188/>
|fossil_range=[[Pliocene]] to Recent<ref name=DE188/>
|image = Abrothrix sanborni.jpg
|image=Abrothrix sanborni.jpg
|image_caption=''[[Abrothrix sanborni]]''
|image_caption=''[[Abrothrix sanborni]]''
|taxon=Abrotrichini
|taxon=Abrotrichini
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|type_genus=''[[Abrothrix]]''
|type_genus=''[[Abrothrix]]''
|type_genus_authority=[[George Robert Waterhouse|Waterhouse]], 1837<ref name=DE188/>
|type_genus_authority=[[George Robert Waterhouse|Waterhouse]], 1837<ref name=DE188/>
|subdivision_ranks=[[Genus|Genera]]<ref name=DE188/>
|subdivision_ranks=Genera
|subdivision_ref=<ref name=DE188/>
|subdivision=
|subdivision=
*''[[Abrothrix]]''
*''[[Abrothrix]]''
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}}
}}


'''Abrotrichini''', also known as the '''Andean clade'''<ref>Smith and Patton, 1999, p.&nbsp;104</ref> or '''southern Andean clade''',<ref name=MC1087>Musser and Carleton, 2005, p.&nbsp;1087</ref> is a [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] of [[rodent]]s in the subfamily [[Sigmodontinae]].<ref name=DE188>D'Elía et al., 2007, p.&nbsp;188</ref> It includes about fifteen [[species]] in four [[genus|genera]],<ref name=MC05>Musser and Carleton, 2005</ref> distributed in [[List of South American mammals|South America]] from southern [[List of mammals of Peru|Peru]] to southernmost South America, including the [[Patagonia]]n steppes. The earliest known [[fossil]]s are from the [[Pliocene]] of [[List of mammals of Argentina|Argentina]].<ref name=DE188/>
'''Abrotrichini''', also known as the '''Andean clade'''<ref>Smith and Patton, 1999, p.&nbsp;104</ref> or '''southern Andean clade''',<ref name=MC1087>Musser and Carleton, 2005, p.&nbsp;1087</ref> is a [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] of [[rodent]]s in the subfamily [[Sigmodontinae]].<ref name=DE188>D'Elía et al., 2007, p.&nbsp;188</ref> It includes about fifteen [[species]] in four [[genus|genera]],<ref name=MC05>Musser and Carleton, 2005</ref> distributed in [[List of mammals of South America|South America]] from southern [[List of mammals of Peru|Peru]] to southernmost South America, including the [[Patagonia]]n steppes. The earliest known [[fossil]]s are from the [[Pliocene]] of [[List of mammals of Argentina|Argentina]].<ref name=DE188/>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
Abrotrichines were universally placed in the tribe [[Akodontini]] until the 1990s, and some were even classified within the genus ''[[Akodon]]''. [[Allozyme]] studies in the early 1990s first provided evidence for their distinction from Akodontini,<ref name=DE188/> and in 1999 a study analyzing sequences of the [[mitochondrial DNA|mitochondrial]] [[cytochrome b|cytochrome ''b'']] gene found further evidence for the distinction between Akodontini and this group and proposed the name Abrotrichini for the latter.<ref name=SP106>Smith and Patton, 1999, p.&nbsp;106</ref> The name Abrotrichini remained formally unavailable under the [[International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]], however, because their proposal had been conditional.<ref>Smith and Patton, 1999, p.&nbsp;106: "An appropriate name for the new tribe would be Abrotrichini"; D'Elía et al., 2007, p.&nbsp;190</ref> Thus, the clade remained without a valid name and for this reason it was included in Akodontini in the 2005 third edition of ''[[Mammal Species of the World]]''.<ref name=MC1087/> Other phylogenetic studies, which also incorporated [[nuclear DNA|nuclear]] genes, affirmed the distinction between Akodontini and the new group.<ref>D'Elía, 2003, fig.&nbsp;1; D'Elía et al., 2003, fig.&nbsp;2; D'Elía et al., 2006, figs.&nbsp;1, 2</ref> In 2007, Guillermo D'Elía and coworkers published a full diagnosis of the tribe Abrotrichini, validating the name.<ref name=DE188/>
Abrotrichines were universally placed in the tribe [[Akodontini]] until the 1990s, and some were even classified within the genus ''[[Akodon]]''. [[Allozyme]] studies in the early 1990s first provided evidence for their distinction from Akodontini,<ref name=DE188/> and in 1999 a study analyzing sequences of the [[mitochondrial DNA|mitochondrial]] [[cytochrome b|cytochrome ''b'']] gene found further evidence for the distinction between Akodontini and this group and proposed the name Abrotrichini for the latter.<ref name=SP106>Smith and Patton, 1999, p.&nbsp;106</ref> The name Abrotrichini remained formally unavailable under the [[International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]], however, because their proposal had been conditional.<ref>Smith and Patton, 1999, p.&nbsp;106: "An appropriate name for the new tribe would be Abrotrichini"; D'Elía et al., 2007, p.&nbsp;190</ref> Thus, the clade remained without a valid name and for this reason it was included in Akodontini in the 2005 third edition of ''[[Mammal Species of the World]]''.<ref name=MC1087/> Other phylogenetic studies, which also incorporated [[nuclear DNA|nuclear]] genes, affirmed the distinction between Akodontini and the new group.<ref>D'Elía, 2003, fig.&nbsp;1; D'Elía et al., 2003, fig.&nbsp;2; D'Elía et al., 2006, figs.&nbsp;1, 2</ref> In 2007, Guillermo D'Elía and coworkers published a full diagnosis of the tribe Abrotrichini, validating the name.<ref name=DE188/>


Abrotrichini includes four genera—''[[Abrothrix]]'', ''[[Chelemys]]'', ''[[Geoxus]]'', and ''[[Notiomys]]''—which fall into two major subgroups, one including only ''Abrothrix'' and one including the four other genera.<ref name=DE190>D'Elía et al., 2007, p.&nbsp;190</ref> ''Abrothrix'' has formerly been included in ''Akodon'' and includes about nine species, among which are the northernmost abrotrichine, ''[[Abrothrix jelskii]]'' as well as far southern forms such as ''[[Abrothrix lanosus]]''.<ref>Musser and Carleton, 2005, pp.&nbsp;1088–1091</ref> Within the remaining group, ''Chelemys'' is sister to the remaining genera;<ref name=DE190/> it includes three species found in central and southern Chile and nearby Argentina.<ref>Musser and Carleton, 2005, pp.&nbsp;1109–1110</ref> The remaining three genera, each of which includes a single species, are closely related and share [[fossorial]] (digging) habits.<ref name=DE190/> ''Geoxus'' occurs in central and southern Chile and nearby Argentina,<ref>Musser and Carleton, 2005, p.&nbsp;1116</ref> ''Notiomys'' in southern Argentina,<ref>Musser and Carleton, 2005, p.&nbsp;1136</ref> and ''Pearsonomys'' in central Chile.<ref name=MC1160>Musser and Carleton, 2005, p.&nbsp;1160</ref>
Abrotrichini includes four genera—''[[Abrothrix]]'', ''[[Chelemys]]'', ''[[Geoxus]]'', and ''[[Notiomys]]''—which fall into two major subgroups, one including only ''Abrothrix'' and one including the four other genera.<ref name=DE190>D'Elía et al., 2007, p.&nbsp;190</ref> ''Abrothrix'' has formerly been included in ''Akodon'' and includes about nine species, among which are the northernmost abrotrichine, ''[[Abrothrix jelskii]]'' as well as far southern forms such as ''[[Abrothrix lanosus]]''.<ref>Musser and Carleton, 2005, pp.&nbsp;1088–1091</ref> Within the remaining group, ''Chelemys'' is sister to the remaining genera;<ref name=DE190/> it includes three species found in central and southern Chile and nearby Argentina.<ref>Musser and Carleton, 2005, pp.&nbsp;1109–1110</ref> The remaining three genera, each of which includes a single species, are closely related and share [[fossorial]] (digging) habits.<ref name=DE190/> ''Geoxus'' occurs in central and southern Chile and nearby Argentina,<ref>Musser and Carleton, 2005, p.&nbsp;1116</ref> and ''Notiomys'' in southern Argentina,<ref>Musser and Carleton, 2005, p.&nbsp;1136</ref>


The tribe is part of the clade [[Oryzomyalia]], which includes most of the subfamily [[Sigmodontinae]].<ref name=DE06f1>D'Elía et al., 2006, fig.&nbsp;1</ref> Within Oryzomyalia, some studies have recovered ''[[Wiedomys]]'' as the closest relative of Abrotrichini,<ref>Smith and Patton, 1999, figs.&nbsp;4, 5; D'Elía et al., 2006, fig.&nbsp;1</ref> but the basal relationships among the components of Oryzomyalia remain elusive.<ref>D'Elía et al., 2006, p.&nbsp;563</ref> Sigmodontinae encompasses hundreds of species found throughout South America and into North America. It is one of several subfamilies recognized in the family [[Cricetidae]], which includes many more species, mainly from Eurasia and North America.<ref name=MC05/>
The tribe is part of the clade [[Oryzomyalia]], which includes most of the subfamily [[Sigmodontinae]].<ref name=DE06f1>D'Elía et al., 2006, fig.&nbsp;1</ref> Within Oryzomyalia, some studies have recovered ''[[Wiedomys]]'' as the closest relative of Abrotrichini,<ref>Smith and Patton, 1999, figs.&nbsp;4, 5; D'Elía et al., 2006, fig.&nbsp;1</ref> but the basal relationships among the components of Oryzomyalia remain elusive.<ref>D'Elía et al., 2006, p.&nbsp;563</ref> Sigmodontinae encompasses hundreds of species found throughout South America and into North America. It is one of several subfamilies recognized in the family [[Cricetidae]], which includes many more species, mainly from Eurasia and North America.<ref name=MC05/>
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}


==Literature cited==
==Literature cited==
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*D'Elía, G., González, E.M. and Pardiñas, U.F.J. 2003. [http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1616504704700919 Phylogenetic analysis of sigmodontine rodents (Muroidea), with special reference to the akodont genus ''Deltamys''] (subscription only). Mammalian Biology 68:351–364.
*D'Elía, G., González, E.M. and Pardiñas, U.F.J. 2003. [http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1616504704700919 Phylogenetic analysis of sigmodontine rodents (Muroidea), with special reference to the akodont genus ''Deltamys''] (subscription only). Mammalian Biology 68:351–364.
*D'Elía, G., Luna, L., González, E.M. and Patterson, B.D. 2006. [http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790305002770 On the sigmodontine radiation (Rodentia, Cricetidae): An appraisal of the phylogenetic position of ''Rhagomys''] (subscription only). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38:558–564.
*D'Elía, G., Luna, L., González, E.M. and Patterson, B.D. 2006. [http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790305002770 On the sigmodontine radiation (Rodentia, Cricetidae): An appraisal of the phylogenetic position of ''Rhagomys''] (subscription only). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38:558–564.
*D'Elía, G., Pardiñas, U.F.J., Teta, P. and Patton, J.L. 2007. [http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/gayana/v71n2/art%2007.pdf Definition and diagnosis of a new tribe of sigmodontine rodents (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae), and a revised classification of the subfamily.] Gayana 71(2):187–194.
*D'Elía, G., Pardiñas, U.F.J., Teta, P. and Patton, J.L. 2007. [http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/gayana/v71n2/art%2007.pdf Definition and diagnosis of a new tribe of sigmodontine rodents (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae), and a revised classification of the subfamily.] ''[[Gayana]]'' '''71'''(2):187–194.
*Musser, G.G. and Carleton, M.D. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp.&nbsp;894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed]. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142&nbsp;pp. {{ISBN|978-0-8018-8221-0}}
*Musser, G.G. and Carleton, M.D. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp.&nbsp;894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed]. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142&nbsp;pp. {{ISBN|978-0-8018-8221-0}}
*Smith, M.F. & Patton, J.L. 1999. [http://www.springerlink.com/index/MM5211635T435X25.pdf Phylogenetic relationships and the radiation of sigmodontine rodents in South America: evidence from cytochrome ''b''] (subscription only). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 6:89–128.
*Smith, M.F. & Patton, J.L. 1999. [https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1020668004578 Phylogenetic relationships and the radiation of sigmodontine rodents in South America: evidence from cytochrome ''b''] (subscription only). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 6:89–128.
{{Abrotrichini nav}}
{{Abrotrichini nav}}
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[[Category:Abrotrichini| ]]
[[Category:Abrotrichini| ]]
[[Category:Mammal tribes]]

Latest revision as of 22:10, 3 July 2023

Abrotrichini
Temporal range: Pliocene to Recent[1]
Abrothrix sanborni
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
Tribe: Abrotrichini
D'Elía, Pardiñas, Teta, and Patton, 2007
Type genus
Abrothrix
Genera[1]

Abrotrichini, also known as the Andean clade[2] or southern Andean clade,[3] is a tribe of rodents in the subfamily Sigmodontinae.[1] It includes about fifteen species in four genera,[4] distributed in South America from southern Peru to southernmost South America, including the Patagonian steppes. The earliest known fossils are from the Pliocene of Argentina.[1]

Taxonomy

[edit]

Abrotrichines were universally placed in the tribe Akodontini until the 1990s, and some were even classified within the genus Akodon. Allozyme studies in the early 1990s first provided evidence for their distinction from Akodontini,[1] and in 1999 a study analyzing sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene found further evidence for the distinction between Akodontini and this group and proposed the name Abrotrichini for the latter.[5] The name Abrotrichini remained formally unavailable under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, however, because their proposal had been conditional.[6] Thus, the clade remained without a valid name and for this reason it was included in Akodontini in the 2005 third edition of Mammal Species of the World.[3] Other phylogenetic studies, which also incorporated nuclear genes, affirmed the distinction between Akodontini and the new group.[7] In 2007, Guillermo D'Elía and coworkers published a full diagnosis of the tribe Abrotrichini, validating the name.[1]

Abrotrichini includes four genera—Abrothrix, Chelemys, Geoxus, and Notiomys—which fall into two major subgroups, one including only Abrothrix and one including the four other genera.[8] Abrothrix has formerly been included in Akodon and includes about nine species, among which are the northernmost abrotrichine, Abrothrix jelskii as well as far southern forms such as Abrothrix lanosus.[9] Within the remaining group, Chelemys is sister to the remaining genera;[8] it includes three species found in central and southern Chile and nearby Argentina.[10] The remaining three genera, each of which includes a single species, are closely related and share fossorial (digging) habits.[8] Geoxus occurs in central and southern Chile and nearby Argentina,[11] and Notiomys in southern Argentina,[12]

The tribe is part of the clade Oryzomyalia, which includes most of the subfamily Sigmodontinae.[13] Within Oryzomyalia, some studies have recovered Wiedomys as the closest relative of Abrotrichini,[14] but the basal relationships among the components of Oryzomyalia remain elusive.[15] Sigmodontinae encompasses hundreds of species found throughout South America and into North America. It is one of several subfamilies recognized in the family Cricetidae, which includes many more species, mainly from Eurasia and North America.[4]

Description

[edit]

Abrotrichines are small to medium-sized sigmodontine rodents with long and soft,[1] usually gray or brown[8] fur, a short, hairy tail and large, strong feet with well-developed claws. In the skull, the snout is long, the interorbital region hourglass-shaped, and the braincase rounded. The palate is long (extending back beyond the third molars). There are no grooves in the upper incisors and the molars are not hypsodont (high-crowned). The molars lack many accessory features, in particularly the third upper molar. There are 13 thoracic (chest) vertebrae with associated ribs, 6 lumbar vertebrae, and 18 to 29 caudal (tail) vertebrae.[1]

A karyotype of 52 chromosomes (2n = 52), present in several species, has been suggested as a synapomorphy of the tribe,[16] but while this possibility is yet to be tested, Pearsonomys is now known to have 2n = 56 and some Abrothrix olivaceus have 2n = 44.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i D'Elía et al., 2007, p. 188
  2. ^ Smith and Patton, 1999, p. 104
  3. ^ a b Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1087
  4. ^ a b Musser and Carleton, 2005
  5. ^ Smith and Patton, 1999, p. 106
  6. ^ Smith and Patton, 1999, p. 106: "An appropriate name for the new tribe would be Abrotrichini"; D'Elía et al., 2007, p. 190
  7. ^ D'Elía, 2003, fig. 1; D'Elía et al., 2003, fig. 2; D'Elía et al., 2006, figs. 1, 2
  8. ^ a b c d e D'Elía et al., 2007, p. 190
  9. ^ Musser and Carleton, 2005, pp. 1088–1091
  10. ^ Musser and Carleton, 2005, pp. 1109–1110
  11. ^ Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1116
  12. ^ Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1136
  13. ^ D'Elía et al., 2006, fig. 1
  14. ^ Smith and Patton, 1999, figs. 4, 5; D'Elía et al., 2006, fig. 1
  15. ^ D'Elía et al., 2006, p. 563
  16. ^ Smith and Patton, 1999, p. 105

Literature cited

[edit]
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