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{{Short description|French Canadian prelate}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type =
| type =
| honorific-prefix = [[His Excellency]], [[the Right Reverend]]
| honorific-prefix = [[His Excellency]], [[the Right Reverend]]
| name = Augustin-Magloire Blanchet
| name = Augustin-Magloire Blanchet
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle|Bishop of Nesqually]]
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle|Bishop of Nesqually]]
Line 16: Line 17:
| appointed = May 31, 1850
| appointed = May 31, 1850
| enthroned = July 28, 1850
| enthroned = July 28, 1850
| ended = July 14, 1879
| ended = July 14, 1879
| predecessor = ''Inaugural bishop''
| predecessor = ''Inaugural bishop''
| opposed =
| opposed =
Line 25: Line 26:
| consecrated_by = [[Ignace Bourget]]
| consecrated_by = [[Ignace Bourget]]
| other_post = Bishop of Walla Walla, Oregon Country (1846–1850)
| other_post = Bishop of Walla Walla, Oregon Country (1846–1850)
⚫
| motto = <!---------- Personal details ---------->
| motto =
⚫
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1797|08|22|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1797|08|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[St-Pierre-de-La-Rivière-du-Sud]], [[Lower Canada]]
| birth_place = [St-Pierre-de-La-Rivière-du-Sud, [[Lower Canada]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1887|02|25|1797|08|22|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1887|02|25|1797|08|22|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Vancouver, Washington|Vancouver]], [[Washington Territory]]
| death_place = [[Vancouver, Washington|Vancouver]], [[Washington Territory]], US
| buried = Holyrood Catholic Cemetery, [[Shoreline, Washington|Shoreline]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
| buried = Holyrood Catholic Cemetery, [[Shoreline, Washington|Shoreline]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
| nationality =
| nationality =
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}}
}}


'''Augustin Magloire Alexandre Blanchet''' (22 August 1797 – 25 February 1887) was a [[French Canadian]] [[prelate]] of the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]] in the [[Pacific Northwest]] who served as the first [[bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] of the now-defunct Diocese of Walla Walla and of the Diocese of Nesqually (now known as the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle|Archdiocese of Seattle]]). Along with his elder brother and several other fellow French Canadian missionaries, Blanchet was instrumental in establishing the Catholic Church presence in the present-day [[U.S. state]] of [[Washington (state)|Washington]].
'''Augustin Magloire Alexandre Blanchet''' (22 August 1797 – 25 February 1887) was a [[French Canadian]] [[prelate]] of the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]. He served as the first bishop of the now-defunct [[Diocese of Walla Walla]] and of the [[Diocese of Nesqually]] in present-day [[Washington (state)|Washington]].


Along with his elder brother and other fellow French Canadian missionaries, Blanchet established the Catholic Church presence in what later became Washington.
==Early life and priesthood==
Augustin Magloire Blanchet was born in the village of [[Saint-Pierre-de-La-Rivière-du-Sud]], in present-day [[Quebec]]. The younger brother of [[François Norbert Blanchet]], Augustin Blanchet studied at [[Petit Séminaire de Québec|Le Petit Séminaire de Québec]] and then at the [[Séminaire de Québec|Grand Seminary of Quebec]]. He was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] on 3 June 1821 in the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec|Archdiocese of Quebec]] and held several church positions in Quebec and [[Nova Scotia]], mainly around the [[Montreal]] area.<ref name=DictCanBio>{{cite web|last=Voisine|first=Nive|title=Augustin-Magloire Blanchet|url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=5378|work=Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online|accessdate=27 January 2011}}</ref>


==Episcopal ministry==
== Biography ==


===Bishop of Walla Walla===
=== Early life and priesthood ===
Augustin Blanchet was born on 23 August 1797 in the village of Saint-Pierre-de-La-Rivière-du-Sud, in what was then the British colony of [[Lower Canada]]. The younger brother of [[François Norbert Blanchet]], Augustin Blanchet studied at [[Petit Séminaire de Québec|Le Petit Séminaire de Québec]] and then at the [[Séminaire de Québec|Grand Seminary of Quebec]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Bagley |first=Will |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnQCBQAAQBAJ&dq=bishop+Augustin+Blanchet&pg=PA247 |title=The Great Medicine Road, Part 1: Narratives of the Oregon, California, and Mormon Trails, 1840–1848 |date=2014-10-22 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=978-0-8061-4749-9 |language=en}}</ref>
⚫
On 28 July 1846, while a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] in Montreal, A.M.A. Blanchet was appointed bishop of the new Diocese of Walla Walla in the [[Oregon Country]] (now in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]]). Blanchet was to follow his brother, who had gone to the Oregon Country in 1838 to set up a Catholic church presence there, and was the [[bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] of the Diocese of Oregon City (now the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Portland|Archdiocese of Portland]]).<ref name=DictCanBio/>


Blanchet was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the priesthood on 3 June 1821 for the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec|Archdiocese of Quebec]] and held several church positions in Lower Canada, mainly around [[Montreal]], and in the [[Cape Breton Island|Cape Breton]] region what was then the British colony of [[Nova Scotia]].<ref name="DictCanBio">{{cite web|last=Voisine|first=Nive|title=Augustin-Magloire Blanchet|url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=5378|work=Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online|accessdate=27 January 2011}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> He also served as chaplain for the [[Sisters of Providence (Montreal)|Sisters of Providence]] in Montreal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dolan |first=Jay P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2P-GRjwqqgC&dq=bishop+Augustin+Blanchet&pg=PT500 |title=The American Catholic Experience: A History from Colonial Times to the Present |date=2011-09-07 |publisher=Crown Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-307-55389-8 |language=en}}</ref>
Blanchet was ordained bishop on 27 September 1846 by Archbishop [[Ignace Bourget]] at [[Saint-Jacques Cathedral (Montreal)|Saint-Jacques Cathedral]] in Montreal. He left for Oregon on 4 March 1847 and arrived in Walla Walla on 5 September. The killing of [[Protestant]] [[missionary|missionaries]] in the [[Whitman massacre]] on 29 November 1847 led to an uneasy relationship among Blanchet, the native [[Cayuse people]], and the [[United States]] government, and as a result Blanchet retreated to [[St. Paul, Oregon|St. Paul]] in the [[Willamette Valley]].<ref name=DictCanBio/>


=== Bishop of Walla Walla ===
⚫
On 31 May 1850, the [[Holy See]] under [[Pope Pius IX]] established the Diocese of Nesqually (later spelled "Nisqually"), with its [[episcopal see]] in [[Vancouver, Washington|Vancouver]] in what was by then known as the [[Oregon Territory]], and named Blanchet bishop of the new diocese. Three years later the Walla Walla diocese was completely eliminated and much of its territory transferred to the new Nesqually diocese.<ref name=DictCanBio/>
⚫
On 28 July 1846, while serving as a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] in Montreal, Blanchet was appointed bishop of the new Diocese of Walla Walla in the [[Oregon Country]] area of the Pacific Northwest. Francois Blanchet had set up a Catholic church presence there in 1838, serving a [[bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] of the [[Diocese of Oregon City]].<ref name="DictCanBio" /> Augustin Blanchet was ordained bishop on 27 September 1846 by Archbishop [[Ignace Bourget]] at [[Saint-Jacques Cathedral (Montreal)|Saint-Jacques Cathedral]] in Montreal.

Blanchet left Montreal for Oregon Country on 4 March 1847 and arrived in Walla Walla on 5 September 1847. According to contemporary accounts, he was unhappy to discover that Walla Walla was no more than an trading post. Blanchet immediately ran into conflict with the [[Oblate Order of Mary Immaculate|Oblate order]] priests in the diocese performing missionary work. They refused Blanchet's efforts to assign them as parish priests.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=McNally |first=Vincent J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uxnngGgkklUC&dq=bishop+Augustin+Blanchet&pg=PA17 |title=The Lord's Distant Vineyard: A History of the Oblates and the Catholic Community in British Columbia |date=August 2000 |publisher=University of Alberta |isbn=978-0-88864-346-9 |language=en}}</ref> Blanchet also tried to claim an Oblate mission property that the order had received from a Native American tribe.

Described as an inflexible and arrogant leader, Blanchet quickly alienated most of the secular priests in his diocese. Many of these priests attempted to join the Jesuit and Oblate orders to escape his control. In response, Blanchet introduced rules to make these transfers more difficult and to steer seminarians away from the orders.<ref name=":0" />

On 29 November 1847, two [[Protestant]] [[missionary|missionaries]] and eight other Americans were murdered by some members of the Cayuse tribe in what was later termed the [[Whitman massacre]]. The killers mistakenly believed that the missionaries had poisoned 200 tribal members while trying to treat them for [[measles]]. Despite attempts by the tribe to defuse the conflict, American settlers raised militias to punish the tribe. Local Protestants accused the Catholic clergy of being in league with the Cayuse. This animosity, along with warfare between the [[United States Army|Army]] and the Cayuse and the failure of the diocese to grow, prompted the Vatican to move Blanchet to a new episcopal see in [[St. Paul, Oregon|St. Paul]] in the [[Willamette Valley]].<ref name="DictCanBio" /><ref name=":0" />

⚫
On 31 May 1850, [[Pope Pius IX]] established the Diocese of Nesqually (later spelled "Nisqually"), with its episcopal see in Vancouver, Washington, in what was by then known as the [[Oregon Territory]], and named Blanchet bishop. Three years later, the Vatican dissolved the Diocese of Walla Walla and transferred much of its territory to the new Nesqually diocese.<ref name="DictCanBio" />


===Bishop of Nesqually===
===Bishop of Nesqually===
On 23 January 1851, Blanchet established the existing [[Proto-Cathedral of St. James the Greater|St. James Church]] built by his brother François and [[Modeste Demers]] at [[Fort Vancouver]] as his [[cathedral]], renaming it St. James Cathedral.<ref name=HLCaldbick>{{cite web|last=Caldbick|first=John J.|title=Bishop Augustine Blanchet dedicates Washington's original St. James Cathedral at Fort Vancouver on January 23, 1851.|url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9126|publisher=HistoryLink.org}}</ref> In 1853, the diocese's territory became part of the [[Washington Territory]].
On 23 January 1851, Blanchet established the existing [[Proto-Cathedral of St. James the Greater|St. James Church]] built by his brother François and [[Modeste Demers]] at [[Fort Vancouver]] as his cathedral, renaming it St. James Cathedral.<ref name=HLCaldbick>{{cite web|last=Caldbick|first=John J.|title=Bishop Augustine Blanchet dedicates Washington's original St. James Cathedral at Fort Vancouver on January 23, 1851.|url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9126|publisher=HistoryLink.org}}</ref> In 1853, the diocese became part of [[Washington Territory]].


In 1868, [[Francis X. Prefontaine]], a young priest and fellow Quebec native, requested Blanchet's permission to build a [[church (building)|church building]] near [[Pioneer Square, Seattle|Pioneer Square]] in bustling [[Seattle]] to support the city's first Catholic [[parish]], Our Lady of Good Help, which he had recently established.<ref name="HistoryLink1">{{cite encyclopedia
In 1868, [[Francis X. Prefontaine]], a young priest and fellow Lower Canada native, requested Blanchet's permission to build a church building near [[Pioneer Square, Seattle|Pioneer Square]] in [[Seattle]] to support the city's first Catholic [[parish]], Our Lady of Good Help.<ref name="HistoryLink1">{{cite encyclopedia
|url = http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3633
|url = http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3633
|title = Prefontaine, Father Francis Xavier (1838-1909)
|title = Prefontaine, Father Francis Xavier (1838-1909)
Line 68: Line 76:
|encyclopedia = The Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History
|encyclopedia = The Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History
|publisher = HistoryLink
|publisher = HistoryLink
}}</ref> Blanchet believed that Seattle was a lost cause, but nevertheless he gave the priest permission to build a church as long as Prefontaine would raise the money for it himself and it would cost the diocese nothing. Prefontaine eventually raised enough money to build a church, and in 1869 he opened Seattle's Catholic church.<ref name="CathedralHeroes1">{{cite web
}}</ref> Blanchet believed that Seattle was a lost cause, but nevertheless he gave Prefontaine permission to build a church there, on the condition that Prefontaine raised all the money. Prefontaine in 1869 opened Seattle's Catholic church.<ref name="CathedralHeroes1">{{cite web
|url=http://www.stjames-cathedral.org/history/kidsheroes.htm
|url=http://www.stjames-cathedral.org/history/kidsheroes.htm
|title=Father Francis X. Prefontaine
|title=Father Francis X. Prefontaine
Line 85: Line 93:
|year = 1903
|year = 1903
|publisher = Lewis Publishing Company
|publisher = Lewis Publishing Company
}}</ref>
}}</ref> The Church of Our Lady of Good Help no longer stands but its namesake statue of the [[Virgin Mary]] was saved and now stands in the cathedral chapel under the title of "Our Lady of Seattle."<ref>{{cite web |title=Virtual Tour - Chapel |url=http://www.stjames-cathedral.org/Tour/chapel.htm |website=St. James Cathedral |accessdate=23 December 2018}}</ref>

⚫
==Retirement and death==
⚫
Blanchet retired as bishop on 23 December 1879, at age 82, and was named [[titular see|titular bishop]] of [[Ibora]]. He continued to live in the Diocese of Nesqually in his retirement, and died in Vancouver on 25 February 1887.

==Legacy and veneration==
Blanchet's first cathedral at [[Fort Vancouver]] was succeeded by a new St. James Cathedral in Vancouver in 1885; the original cathedral burned down in 1889. In the early 20th century, [[Francis X. Prefontaine]], who years earlier had requested Blanchet's permission to build a church in Seattle, convinced Bishop [[Edward John O'Dea|Edward O'Dea]] to move the [[episcopal see]] of the Diocese of Nisqually to Seattle, and in 1903 the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle. The cathedral O'Dea built in Seattle retained the [[St. James Cathedral in Seattle|St. James Cathedral]] name of Blanchet's original cathedral.


⚫
=== Retirement and legacy ===
[[Bishop Blanchet High School]] in Seattle's [[Green Lake, Seattle|Green Lake]] neighborhood is named for A.M.A. Blanchet.
⚫
[[Pope Leo XIII]] accepted Blanchet's retirement as bishop of Nesqually on 23 December 1879, at age 82, and named him [[titular see|titular bishop]] of [[Ibora]]. He continued to live in the Nesqually area during his retirement. Augustin Blanchet died in [[Vancouver, Washington]], on 25 February 1887.


In 1955, it was discovered that Bishop Blanchet's body is [[incorruptibility|incorrupt]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beattie |first1=Trent |title=Missionary Bishop Uncovered and Shelved; Report on Him Shelved and Uncovered |url=http://www.catholiclane.com/missionary-bishop-uncovered-and-shelved-report-on-him-shelved-and-uncovered/ |website=Catholic Lane |accessdate=23 December 2018}}</ref>
[[Bishop Blanchet High School]] in Seattle's [[Green Lake, Seattle|Green Lake]] neighborhood is named for Blanchet. In 1955, a priest conducting an [[exhumation]] of Blanchet's body to transport to a different burial site declared that it was [[incorruptibility|incorrupt]], or preserved by miraculous processes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beattie |first1=Trent |title=Missionary Bishop Uncovered and Shelved; Report on Him Shelved and Uncovered |url=http://www.catholiclane.com/missionary-bishop-uncovered-and-shelved-report-on-him-shelved-and-uncovered/ |website=Catholic Lane |date=21 July 2015 |accessdate=23 December 2018}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 12:19, 23 August 2023

His Excellency, the Right Reverend

Augustin-Magloire Blanchet
Bishop of Nesqually
ProvinceOregon City
DioceseNesqually
AppointedMay 31, 1850
InstalledJuly 28, 1850
Term endedJuly 14, 1879
PredecessorInaugural bishop
SuccessorEgidius Junger
Other post(s)Bishop of Walla Walla, Oregon Country (1846–1850)
Orders
OrdinationJune 3, 1821
by Joseph-Octave Plessis
ConsecrationSeptember 27, 1846
by Ignace Bourget
Personal details
Born(1797-08-22)22 August 1797
[St-Pierre-de-La-Rivière-du-Sud, Lower Canada
Died25 February 1887(1887-02-25) (aged 89)
Vancouver, Washington Territory, US
BuriedHolyrood Catholic Cemetery, Shoreline, Washington
DenominationRoman Catholic

Augustin Magloire Alexandre Blanchet (22 August 1797 – 25 February 1887) was a French Canadian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the first bishop of the now-defunct Diocese of Walla Walla and of the Diocese of Nesqually in present-day Washington.

Along with his elder brother and other fellow French Canadian missionaries, Blanchet established the Catholic Church presence in what later became Washington.

Biography

[edit]

Early life and priesthood

[edit]

Augustin Blanchet was born on 23 August 1797 in the village of Saint-Pierre-de-La-Rivière-du-Sud, in what was then the British colony of Lower Canada. The younger brother of François Norbert Blanchet, Augustin Blanchet studied at Le Petit Séminaire de Québec and then at the Grand Seminary of Quebec.[1]

Blanchet was ordained to the priesthood on 3 June 1821 for the Archdiocese of Quebec and held several church positions in Lower Canada, mainly around Montreal, and in the Cape Breton region what was then the British colony of Nova Scotia.[2][1] He also served as chaplain for the Sisters of Providence in Montreal.[3]

Bishop of Walla Walla

[edit]

On 28 July 1846, while serving as a canon in Montreal, Blanchet was appointed bishop of the new Diocese of Walla Walla in the Oregon Country area of the Pacific Northwest. Francois Blanchet had set up a Catholic church presence there in 1838, serving a bishop of the Diocese of Oregon City.[2] Augustin Blanchet was ordained bishop on 27 September 1846 by Archbishop Ignace Bourget at Saint-Jacques Cathedral in Montreal.

Blanchet left Montreal for Oregon Country on 4 March 1847 and arrived in Walla Walla on 5 September 1847. According to contemporary accounts, he was unhappy to discover that Walla Walla was no more than an trading post. Blanchet immediately ran into conflict with the Oblate order priests in the diocese performing missionary work. They refused Blanchet's efforts to assign them as parish priests.[4] Blanchet also tried to claim an Oblate mission property that the order had received from a Native American tribe.

Described as an inflexible and arrogant leader, Blanchet quickly alienated most of the secular priests in his diocese. Many of these priests attempted to join the Jesuit and Oblate orders to escape his control. In response, Blanchet introduced rules to make these transfers more difficult and to steer seminarians away from the orders.[4]

On 29 November 1847, two Protestant missionaries and eight other Americans were murdered by some members of the Cayuse tribe in what was later termed the Whitman massacre. The killers mistakenly believed that the missionaries had poisoned 200 tribal members while trying to treat them for measles. Despite attempts by the tribe to defuse the conflict, American settlers raised militias to punish the tribe. Local Protestants accused the Catholic clergy of being in league with the Cayuse. This animosity, along with warfare between the Army and the Cayuse and the failure of the diocese to grow, prompted the Vatican to move Blanchet to a new episcopal see in St. Paul in the Willamette Valley.[2][4]

On 31 May 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Nesqually (later spelled "Nisqually"), with its episcopal see in Vancouver, Washington, in what was by then known as the Oregon Territory, and named Blanchet bishop. Three years later, the Vatican dissolved the Diocese of Walla Walla and transferred much of its territory to the new Nesqually diocese.[2]

Bishop of Nesqually

[edit]

On 23 January 1851, Blanchet established the existing St. James Church built by his brother François and Modeste Demers at Fort Vancouver as his cathedral, renaming it St. James Cathedral.[5] In 1853, the diocese became part of Washington Territory.

In 1868, Francis X. Prefontaine, a young priest and fellow Lower Canada native, requested Blanchet's permission to build a church building near Pioneer Square in Seattle to support the city's first Catholic parish, Our Lady of Good Help.[6] Blanchet believed that Seattle was a lost cause, but nevertheless he gave Prefontaine permission to build a church there, on the condition that Prefontaine raised all the money. Prefontaine in 1869 opened Seattle's Catholic church.[7][8]

Retirement and legacy

[edit]

Pope Leo XIII accepted Blanchet's retirement as bishop of Nesqually on 23 December 1879, at age 82, and named him titular bishop of Ibora. He continued to live in the Nesqually area during his retirement. Augustin Blanchet died in Vancouver, Washington, on 25 February 1887.

Bishop Blanchet High School in Seattle's Green Lake neighborhood is named for Blanchet. In 1955, a priest conducting an exhumation of Blanchet's body to transport to a different burial site declared that it was incorrupt, or preserved by miraculous processes.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Bagley, Will (2014-10-22). The Great Medicine Road, Part 1: Narratives of the Oregon, California, and Mormon Trails, 1840–1848. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-4749-9.
  2. ^ a b c d Voisine, Nive. "Augustin-Magloire Blanchet". Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  3. ^ Dolan, Jay P. (2011-09-07). The American Catholic Experience: A History from Colonial Times to the Present. Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-55389-8.
  4. ^ a b c McNally, Vincent J. (August 2000). The Lord's Distant Vineyard: A History of the Oblates and the Catholic Community in British Columbia. University of Alberta. ISBN 978-0-88864-346-9.
  5. ^ Caldbick, John J. "Bishop Augustine Blanchet dedicates Washington's original St. James Cathedral at Fort Vancouver on January 23, 1851". HistoryLink.org.
  6. ^ "Prefontaine, Father Francis Xavier (1838-1909)". The Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. HistoryLink. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  7. ^ "Father Francis X. Prefontaine". St. James Cathedral, Seattle. Archived from the original on 2010-08-29. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  8. ^ William Farrand Prosser (1903). A History of the Puget Sound Country. Lewis Publishing Company. p. 475. Retrieved 2010-02-15 – via Internet Archive.
  9. ^ Beattie, Trent (21 July 2015). "Missionary Bishop Uncovered and Shelved; Report on Him Shelved and Uncovered". Catholic Lane. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
[edit]
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
None (first bishop)
 Bishop of Walla Walla
1846–1850 		Succeeded by
None (defunct)
Preceded by
None (first bishop)
 Bishop of Nesqually
1850–1879 		Succeeded by
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