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{{Short description|12th-century Iberian warlord}}
'''Ibrahim b. Ahmed b. Moharech b. Hamusk'''{{Sfn|Reyes|2020|p=54}} ([[floruit|fl.]] 1144–1172), known as '''Hemochico''' in the Christian chronicles,{{Sfn|Reyes|2020|p=56}} referred to simply as '''Ibn Hamušk''', was a warlord in 12th-century [[Iberia]]. He was a close collaborator of his son-in-law [[Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh|Ibn Mardanīsh]] (the so-called 'Wolf King') in the latter's resistance efforts against the [[Almohad]]s. He betrayed Ibn Mardanīsh later in his life, siding with the Almohads.
'''Ibrahim b. Ahmed b. Moharech b. Hamusk'''{{Sfn|Reyes|2020|p=54}} ([[floruit|fl.]] 1144–1172), known as '''Hemochico''' in the Christian chronicles,{{Sfn|Reyes|2020|p=56}} referred to simply as '''Ibn Hamušk''',{{refn|group=n.|Also hispanicised by Mariano Gaspar Remiro as ''Abenhamusco''.<ref>See {{Harvnb|Gaspar Remiro|1905|pp=186–187}}</ref>}} was a warlord in 12th-century [[Iberia]]. He was a close collaborator of his son-in-law [[Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh|Ibn Mardanīsh]] (the so-called 'Wolf King') in the latter's resistance efforts against the [[Almohad]]s. He betrayed Ibn Mardanīsh later in his life, siding with the Almohads.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Line 6: Line 7:
Alongside his son-in-law [[Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh|Ibn Mardanīsh]], they created an anti-[[Almohad]] stronghold in {{ill|Sharq al-Andalus|es|Xarq al-Ándalus|lt=Eastern al-Andalus}}.{{Sfn|Vidal Castro|2012|p=73}} They left Murcia at the helm of an army largely consisting of Christian troops and took [[Jaén, Spain|Jaén]] in 1159, hereby creating an independent state ruled by Ibn Hamušk centered in the city, which also spanned to other sizeable cities such as [[Úbeda]] and [[Baeza, Spain|Baeza]].{{Sfn|García Fitz|2002|p=114}}{{Sfn|Vidal Castro|2012|p=73}} Both Ibn Hamušk and Ibn Mardanīsh allied with Christians to attack [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] in 1158–1160,{{Sfn|Cruz Aguilar|1994|p=887}} failing to conquer the city but ravaging the countryside. He took [[Écija]] and [[Carmona, Spain|Carmona]] in 1160.{{Sfn|Vidal Castro|2012|p=65}} He also unsuccessfully laid siege to [[Seville]].{{Sfn|Cruz Aguilar|1994|p=888}} He took [[Granada]] in 1162, with the inside help from local Jews who had been reportedly forced to convert to Islam.{{Sfn|Chérif|2013|p=75}} The city was lost thereafter as an Almohad support army led by [[Abu Yaqub Yusuf]] came from overseas and forced Ibn Hamušk and Ibn Mardanīsh to flee east.{{Sfn|Vílchez Vílchez|2012|p=137}}
Alongside his son-in-law [[Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh|Ibn Mardanīsh]], they created an anti-[[Almohad]] stronghold in {{ill|Sharq al-Andalus|es|Xarq al-Ándalus|lt=Eastern al-Andalus}}.{{Sfn|Vidal Castro|2012|p=73}} They left Murcia at the helm of an army largely consisting of Christian troops and took [[Jaén, Spain|Jaén]] in 1159, hereby creating an independent state ruled by Ibn Hamušk centered in the city, which also spanned to other sizeable cities such as [[Úbeda]] and [[Baeza, Spain|Baeza]].{{Sfn|García Fitz|2002|p=114}}{{Sfn|Vidal Castro|2012|p=73}} Both Ibn Hamušk and Ibn Mardanīsh allied with Christians to attack [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] in 1158–1160,{{Sfn|Cruz Aguilar|1994|p=887}} failing to conquer the city but ravaging the countryside. He took [[Écija]] and [[Carmona, Spain|Carmona]] in 1160.{{Sfn|Vidal Castro|2012|p=65}} He also unsuccessfully laid siege to [[Seville]].{{Sfn|Cruz Aguilar|1994|p=888}} He took [[Granada]] in 1162, with the inside help from local Jews who had been reportedly forced to convert to Islam.{{Sfn|Chérif|2013|p=75}} The city was lost thereafter as an Almohad support army led by [[Abu Yaqub Yusuf]] came from overseas and forced Ibn Hamušk and Ibn Mardanīsh to flee east.{{Sfn|Vílchez Vílchez|2012|p=137}}


He betrayed his son-in-law, perhaps influenced by the alleged mistreatment of his daughter by Ibn Mardanīsh (Ibn Mardanīsh's wife, who was repudiated),{{Sfn|Cruz Aguilar|1994|p=888}}{{Sfn|Pretel|2007|p=155}} or because he may have taken offence by some words said by Ibn Mardanīsh after a defeat near Murcia.{{Sfn|Pretel|2007|pp=155–156}} Whatever the case, he pledged allegiance to the Almohad caliph in 1169.{{Sfn|Cruz Aguilar|1994|p=888}}{{Sfn|Pretel|2007|p=156}} The territories of the [[Sierra del Segura]] passed to Almohad control.{{Sfn|Eiroa|Gómez Ródenas|2019|p=38}} He took part in a 1172 offensive at the service of the Almohads, taking away from Christians the places of [[Vilches, Spain|Vilches]] and [[Alcaraz]], which were handed to him.{{Sfn|Pretel|2007|p=157}}
He betrayed his son-in-law, perhaps influenced by the alleged mistreatment of his daughter by Ibn Mardanīsh (Ibn Mardanīsh's wife, who was repudiated),{{Sfn|Cruz Aguilar|1994|p=888}}{{Sfn|Pretel|2007|p=155}} or because he may have taken offence by some words said by Ibn Mardanīsh after a defeat near Murcia.{{Sfn|Pretel|2007|pp=155–156}} Whatever the case, he pledged allegiance to the Almohad caliph in 1169.{{Sfn|Cruz Aguilar|1994|p=888}}{{Sfn|Pretel|2007|p=156}} The territories of the [[Sierra del Segura]] passed to Almohad control.{{Sfn|Eiroa|Gómez Ródenas|2019|p=38}} He took part in a 1172 offensive at the service of the Almohads, taking away from Christians the places of [[Vilches, Spain|Vilches]] and [[Alcaraz, Albacete|Alcaraz]], which were handed to him.{{Sfn|Pretel|2007|p=157}}


According to the account by Ibn Sa'īd, Ibn Hamušk displayed an extremely violent and bloodthirsty character.{{Sfn|Carmona|2004|pp=344–345}}
According to Ibn Sa'īd's account, Ibn Hamušk displayed an extremely violent and bloodthirsty behaviour.{{Sfn|Carmona|2004|pp=344–345}}


== References ==
== References ==
;Informational notes
{{reflist|group=n.}}
;Citations
;Citations
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
;Bibliography
;Bibliography
* {{Cite book|first=Alfonso|last=Carmona|title=De muerte violenta: política, religión y violencia en Al-Andalus|year=2004|publisher=[[Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas]]|isbn=84-00-08268-0|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=S7wamMWaecIC&pg=PA344&lpg=PA344|editor-first=Maribel|editor-last=Fierro|chapter=Represión y abuso de poder en el régimen de Ibn Mardanīš|location=Madrid}}
* {{Cite book|first=Alfonso|last=Carmona|title=De muerte violenta: política, religión y violencia en Al-Andalus|year=2004|publisher=[[Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas]]|isbn=84-00-08268-0|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7wamMWaecIC&pg=PA344|editor-first=Maribel|editor-last=Fierro|chapter=Represión y abuso de poder en el régimen de Ibn Mardanīš|location=Madrid}}
* {{Cite book|isbn=978-2-503-54854-8|year=2013|publisher=Brepols|chapter=Encore sur le statut des ḏimmī-s sous les Almohades|pages=65–87|editor-first=Maribel|editor-last=Fierro|editor-first2=John|first=Mohammed|last=Chérif|editor-last2=Tolan|url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/20618d9a-cd1a-4e95-b305-cc3d1e944f2b/644656.pdf|title=The Legal status of ḏimmī-s in the Islamic West}}
* {{Cite book|isbn=978-2-503-54854-8|year=2013|publisher=Brepols|chapter=Encore sur le statut des ḏimmī-s sous les Almohades|pages=65–87|editor-first=Maribel|editor-last=Fierro|editor-first2=John|first=Mohammed|last=Chérif|editor-last2=Tolan|url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/20618d9a-cd1a-4e95-b305-cc3d1e944f2b/644656.pdf|title=The Legal status of ḏimmī-s in the Islamic West}}
* {{Cite journal|title=El reino taifa de Segura|first=Emilio de la|last=Cruz Aguilar|journal=Boletín del Instituto de Estudios Giennenses|issn=0561-3590|volume=153|issue=2|year=1994|pages=883–914|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/1200629.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal|title=El reino taifa de Segura|first=Emilio de la|last=Cruz Aguilar|journal=Boletín del Instituto de Estudios Giennenses|issn=0561-3590|volume=153|issue=2|year=1994|pages=883–914|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/1200629.pdf}}
* {{Cite book|title=Rey Lobo. EL legado de Ibn Mardanīs|year=2019|isbn=978-84-7564-775-3|url=https://www.museosregiondemurcia.es/documents/2624878/22803251/Rey+Lobo+-+El+legado+de+Ibn+Mardanis/18cd5325-51dc-44c8-b7e8-32c34525a63e|chapter=El emirato de Ibn Mardanīš: una breve síntesis interpretativa|first=Jorge A.|last=Eiroa|first2=Mariángeles|last2=Gómez Ródenas|publisher=Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia}}
* {{Cite book|title=Rey Lobo. El legado de Ibn Mardanīs|year=2019|isbn=978-84-7564-775-3|url=https://www.museosregiondemurcia.es/documents/2624878/22803251/Rey+Lobo+-+El+legado+de+Ibn+Mardanis/18cd5325-51dc-44c8-b7e8-32c34525a63e|chapter=El emirato de Ibn Mardanīš: una breve síntesis interpretativa|first1=Jorge A.|last1=Eiroa|first2=Mariángeles|last2=Gómez Ródenas|publisher=Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia}}
* {{Cite book|title=Relaciones políticas y guerra: la experiencia castellano-leonesa frente al Islam, siglos XI-XIII|first=Francisco|last=García Fitz|publisher=[[University of Seville|Universidad de Sevilla. Secretariado de Publicaciones]]|year=2002|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=3o0CJVLbZKIC&pg=PA104|isbn=84-472-0708-0|location=Seville}}
* {{Cite book|title=Relaciones políticas y guerra: la experiencia castellano-leonesa frente al Islam, siglos XI-XIII|first=Francisco|last=García Fitz|publisher=[[University of Seville|Universidad de Sevilla. Secretariado de Publicaciones]]|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3o0CJVLbZKIC&pg=PA104|isbn=84-472-0708-0|location=Seville}}
* {{Cite book|title=Historia de Murcia Musulmana|first=Mariano|last=Gaspar Remiro|year=1905|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSOCF0kDprsC&pg=PA186|location=Zaragoza|publisher=Tip. de Andrés Uriarte|isbn=9788497618281}}
* {{Cite book|year=2007|location=Albacete|publisher=Instituto de Estudios ALbacetenses "Don Juan Manuel"|first=Aurelio|last=Pretel|title=Del Albacete islámico: notas y conjeturas|isbn=978-84-96800-02-1|url=http://pandora.dipualba.es/high.raw?id=0000040173&name=00000001.original.pdf&attachment=0000040173.pdf}}
* {{Cite book|year=2007|location=Albacete|publisher=Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses "Don Juan Manuel"|first=Aurelio|last=Pretel|title=Del Albacete islámico: notas y conjeturas|isbn=978-84-96800-02-1|url=http://pandora.dipualba.es/high.raw?id=0000040173&name=00000001.original.pdf&attachment=0000040173.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal|title=Los reyes musulmanes de Murcia|first=Antonio de los|last=Reyes|journal=Mvrgetana|issn=0213-0939|issue=143|volume=LXXI|year=2020|pages=51–60|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7630552.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal|title=Los reyes musulmanes de Murcia|first=Antonio de los|last=Reyes|journal=Mvrgetana|issn=0213-0939|issue=143|volume=LXXI|year=2020|pages=51–60|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7630552.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal|title=El imperio almohade. Historia y repercusión en la provincia de Jaén|first=Francisco|last=Vidal Castro|journal=Alcazaba|issn=1886-1180|volume=9–11|year=2012|pages=59–90|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5381072.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal|title=El imperio almohade. Historia y repercusión en la provincia de Jaén|first=Francisco|last=Vidal Castro|journal=Alcazaba|issn=1886-1180|volume=9–11|year=2012|pages=59–90|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5381072.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal|first=Carlos|last=Vílchez Vílchez|title=La primitiva puerta de Ḥiṣn al-Ḥamrāʾ en la etapa zirí (s. XI)|volume=61|year=2012|pages=127–148|url=https://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/meaharabe/article/view/14246/12238|journal=Miscelánea de Estudios Árabes y Hebraicos. Sección Árabe-Islam|issn=1696-5868}}
* {{Cite journal|first=Carlos|last=Vílchez Vílchez|title=La primitiva puerta de Ḥiṣn al-Ḥamrāʾ en la etapa zirí (s. XI)|volume=61|year=2012|pages=127–148|url=https://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/meaharabe/article/view/14246/12238|journal=Miscelánea de Estudios Árabes y Hebraicos. Sección Árabe-Islam|issn=1696-5868}}
{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:12th-century Al-Andalus people]]
[[Category:12th-century people from al-Andalus]]
[[Category:Date of death unknown]]
[[Category:Date of death unknown]]
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]

Latest revision as of 08:25, 10 September 2023

Ibrahim b. Ahmed b. Moharech b. Hamusk[1] (fl. 1144–1172), known as Hemochico in the Christian chronicles,[2] referred to simply as Ibn Hamušk,[n. 1] was a warlord in 12th-century Iberia. He was a close collaborator of his son-in-law Ibn Mardanīsh (the so-called 'Wolf King') in the latter's resistance efforts against the Almohads. He betrayed Ibn Mardanīsh later in his life, siding with the Almohads.

Biography

[edit]

He was of Muladi Aragonese[4] or Christian[5] background. In the context of the series of revolts against Almoravid rule in the Iberian Peninsula,[6] Ibn Hamušk rose against the Almoravids in Hisn Saqubus (Socovos) in 1144, and took over Segura in 1147.[7] Presented as ruler of Murcia, he and Ibn Mardanīsh (presented as ruler of Valencia) held talks with Alfonso VII in February 1149.[8]

Alongside his son-in-law Ibn Mardanīsh, they created an anti-Almohad stronghold in Eastern al-Andalus.[9] They left Murcia at the helm of an army largely consisting of Christian troops and took Jaén in 1159, hereby creating an independent state ruled by Ibn Hamušk centered in the city, which also spanned to other sizeable cities such as Úbeda and Baeza.[10][9] Both Ibn Hamušk and Ibn Mardanīsh allied with Christians to attack Córdoba in 1158–1160,[7] failing to conquer the city but ravaging the countryside. He took Écija and Carmona in 1160.[11] He also unsuccessfully laid siege to Seville.[12] He took Granada in 1162, with the inside help from local Jews who had been reportedly forced to convert to Islam.[13] The city was lost thereafter as an Almohad support army led by Abu Yaqub Yusuf came from overseas and forced Ibn Hamušk and Ibn Mardanīsh to flee east.[14]

He betrayed his son-in-law, perhaps influenced by the alleged mistreatment of his daughter by Ibn Mardanīsh (Ibn Mardanīsh's wife, who was repudiated),[12][15] or because he may have taken offence by some words said by Ibn Mardanīsh after a defeat near Murcia.[16] Whatever the case, he pledged allegiance to the Almohad caliph in 1169.[12][17] The territories of the Sierra del Segura passed to Almohad control.[18] He took part in a 1172 offensive at the service of the Almohads, taking away from Christians the places of Vilches and Alcaraz, which were handed to him.[19]

According to Ibn Sa'īd's account, Ibn Hamušk displayed an extremely violent and bloodthirsty behaviour.[20]

References

[edit]
Informational notes
  1. ^ Also hispanicised by Mariano Gaspar Remiro as Abenhamusco.[3]
Citations
  1. ^ Reyes 2020, p. 54.
  2. ^ Reyes 2020, p. 56.
  3. ^ See Gaspar Remiro 1905, pp. 186–187
  4. ^ Eiroa & Gómez Ródenas 2019, p. 21.
  5. ^ Pretel 2007, p. 154.
  6. ^ Eiroa & Gómez Ródenas 2019, p. 19.
  7. ^ a b Cruz Aguilar 1994, p. 887.
  8. ^ García Fitz 2002, p. 104.
  9. ^ a b Vidal Castro 2012, p. 73.
  10. ^ García Fitz 2002, p. 114.
  11. ^ Vidal Castro 2012, p. 65.
  12. ^ a b c Cruz Aguilar 1994, p. 888.
  13. ^ Chérif 2013, p. 75.
  14. ^ Vílchez Vílchez 2012, p. 137.
  15. ^ Pretel 2007, p. 155.
  16. ^ Pretel 2007, pp. 155–156.
  17. ^ Pretel 2007, p. 156.
  18. ^ Eiroa & Gómez Ródenas 2019, p. 38.
  19. ^ Pretel 2007, p. 157.
  20. ^ Carmona 2004, pp. 344–345.
Bibliography
  • Carmona, Alfonso (2004). "Represión y abuso de poder en el régimen de Ibn Mardanīš". In Fierro, Maribel (ed.). De muerte violenta: política, religión y violencia en Al-Andalus. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. ISBN 84-00-08268-0.
  • Chérif, Mohammed (2013). "Encore sur le statut des ḏimmī-s sous les Almohades". In Fierro, Maribel; Tolan, John (eds.). The Legal status of ḏimmī-s in the Islamic West (PDF). Brepols. pp. 65–87. ISBN 978-2-503-54854-8.
  • Cruz Aguilar, Emilio de la (1994). "El reino taifa de Segura" (PDF). Boletín del Instituto de Estudios Giennenses. 153 (2): 883–914. ISSN 0561-3590.
  • Eiroa, Jorge A.; Gómez Ródenas, Mariángeles (2019). "El emirato de Ibn Mardanīš: una breve síntesis interpretativa". Rey Lobo. El legado de Ibn Mardanīs. Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia. ISBN 978-84-7564-775-3.
  • García Fitz, Francisco (2002). Relaciones políticas y guerra: la experiencia castellano-leonesa frente al Islam, siglos XI-XIII. Seville: Universidad de Sevilla. Secretariado de Publicaciones. ISBN 84-472-0708-0.
  • Gaspar Remiro, Mariano (1905). Historia de Murcia Musulmana. Zaragoza: Tip. de Andrés Uriarte. ISBN 9788497618281.
  • Pretel, Aurelio (2007). Del Albacete islámico: notas y conjeturas (PDF). Albacete: Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses "Don Juan Manuel". ISBN 978-84-96800-02-1.
  • Reyes, Antonio de los (2020). "Los reyes musulmanes de Murcia" (PDF). Mvrgetana. LXXI (143): 51–60. ISSN 0213-0939.
  • Vidal Castro, Francisco (2012). "El imperio almohade. Historia y repercusión en la provincia de Jaén" (PDF). Alcazaba. 9–11: 59–90. ISSN 1886-1180.
  • Vílchez Vílchez, Carlos (2012). "La primitiva puerta de Ḥiṣn al-Ḥamrāʾ en la etapa zirí (s. XI)". Miscelánea de Estudios Árabes y Hebraicos. Sección Árabe-Islam. 61: 127–148. ISSN 1696-5868.
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