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{{Short description|Family of gastropods}}
{{Taxobox
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Littorina littorina.jpg
| image = Littorina littorina.jpg
| image_caption = Two [[gastropod shell|shell]]s of the common periwinke<br>''[[Littorina littorea]]''
| image_caption = Two [[gastropod shell|shell]]s of the common periwinke ''[[Littorina littorea]]''
| image_alt = Two shells of the common periwinke Littorina littorea
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Mollusc]]a
| taxon = Littorinidae
⚫
| authority = [[John George Children|Children]], 1834<ref>[[John George Children|Children J. G.]] (1834). ''Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum''. ed. 28: 110.</ref>
| classis = [[Gastropod]]a
| unranked_superfamilia = clade [[Caenogastropoda]]<br />clade [[Hypsogastropoda]]<br />clade [[Littorinimorpha]]
| superfamilia = [[Littorinoidea]]
| familia = '''Littorinidae'''
⚫
| familia_authority = [[John George Children|Children]], 1834<ref>[[John George Children|Children J. G.]] (1834). ''Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum''. ed. 28: 110.</ref>
| diversity_ref = <ref name="Strong 2008"/>
| diversity_ref = <ref name="Strong 2008"/>
| diversity_link = #Taxonomy
| diversity_link = #Taxonomy
| diversity =
| diversity =
two freshwater species and numerous marine species.<!-- (There are altogether 222 species of Littorinidae mentioned in Wikipedia on 4 August 2010) -->
Two freshwater species and numerous marine species.<!-- (There are altogether 222 species of Littorinidae mentioned in Wikipedia on 4 August 2010) -->
|subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
<!-- (There are altogether 222 species of Littorinidae mentioned in Wikipedia on 4 August 2010) -->
|subdivision =
* [[Littorininae]] [[John George Children|Children]], 1834
* [[Lacuninae]] Gray, 1857
* [[Laevilitorininae]] Reid, 1989
}}
}}

The '''Littorinidae''' are a [[taxonomic]] [[family (biology)|family]] of over 200 species of [[sea snail]]s, [[marine (ocean)|marine]] [[gastropod]] [[mollusc]]s in the [[clade]] Littorinimorpha, commonly known as '''periwinkles''' and found worldwide.
The '''Littorinidae''' are a [[family (biology)|taxonomic family]] of over 200 species of [[sea snail]]s, marine [[gastropod]] molluscs in the [[clade]] [[Littorinimorpha]], commonly known as '''periwinkles''' and found worldwide.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tunnell |first=John W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dwJKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA398 |title=Encyclopedia of Texas Seashells: Identification, Ecology, Distribution, and History |last2=Andrews |first2=Jean |last3=Barrera |first3=Noe C. |last4=Moretzsohn |first4=Fabio |date=2010-07-15 |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |isbn=978-1-60344-141-4 |pages=398 |language=en}}</ref>


==Names==
==Names==
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==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
These [[subfamily|subfamilies]] have been recognized in [[Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)|the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)]]:
These [[subfamily|subfamilies]] have been recognized in [[Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)|the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)]]:
* Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834 - synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
* Subfamily [[Littorininae]] [[John George Children|Children]], 1834 – synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
* Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 - synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
* Subfamily [[Lacuninae]] Gray, 1857 – synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
* Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989
* Subfamily [[Laevilitorininae]] Reid, 1989


==Genera==
Genera within the family Littorinidae include:<ref>[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119 World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae]</ref>
Genera within the family Littorinidae include:<ref>[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119 World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae]</ref>


;Littorininae
;[[Littorininae]]
*'' [[Afrolittorina]]'' Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
* ''[[Afrolittorina]]'' Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
* ''[[Austrolittorina]]'' Rosewater, 1970
* ''[[Austrolittorina]]'' Rosewater, 1970
* ''[[Cenchritis]]'' von Martens, 1900
* ''[[Cenchritis]]'' von Martens, 1900
* ''[[Echinolittorina]]'' Habe, 1956 - synonyms: ''Amerolittorina'' Reid, 2009;<ref name="Reid"/> ''Fossarilittorina'' Rosewater, 1981; ''Granulilittorina'' Habe & Kosuge, 1966; ''Lineolittorina'' Reid, 2009<ref name="Reid">{{cite journal | last1 = Reid | first1 = D. G. | year = 2009 | title = The genus ''Echinolittorina'' Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean | url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/f/z02184p103f.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 2184 | issue = | pages = 1–103 }}</ref>
* ''[[Echinolittorina]]'' Habe, 1956 – synonyms: ''Amerolittorina'' Reid, 2009;<ref name="Reid"/> ''Fossarilittorina'' Rosewater, 1981; ''Granulilittorina'' Habe & Kosuge, 1966; ''Lineolittorina'' Reid, 2009<ref name="Reid">{{cite journal | last1 = Reid | first1 = D. G. | year = 2009 | title = The genus ''Echinolittorina'' Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean | url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/f/z02184p103f.pdf | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 2184 | pages = 1–103 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.2184.1.1 }}</ref>
* ''[[Littoraria]]'' Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 - 39 species
* ''[[Littoraria]]'' Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 – 39 species
* ''[[Littorina]]'' [[André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac|Férussac]], 1822 - 18 species - type genus
* ''[[Littorina]]'' [[André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac|Férussac]], 1822 – 18 species – type genus
* ''[[Mainwaringia]]'' Nevill, 1885<ref name="water2010"/>
* ''[[Mainwaringia]]'' Nevill, 1885<ref name="water2010"/>
* ''[[Melarhaphe]]'' Menke, 1828
* ''[[Melarhaphe]]'' Menke, 1828
* ''[[Nodilittorina]]'' von Martens, 1897 - this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
* ''[[Nodilittorina]]'' von Martens, 1897 – this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
** ''[[Echinolittorina]]'' - 59 species worldwide
** ''[[Echinolittorina]]'' – 59 species worldwide
** ''[[Austrolittorina]]'' - five species
** ''[[Austrolittorina]]'' – five species
** ''[[Afrolittorina]]'' - four species
** ''[[Afrolittorina]]'' – four species
** ''[[Nodilittorina]]'' s.s. - the monotypic subgenus<ref name="Littorininae">{{Cite journal|author1=S T Williams |author2=D G Reid |author3=D T J Littlewood | title=A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean.| journal= Mol Phylogenet Evol.| year=2003| volume=28| url=http://lib.bioinfo.pl/pmid:12801472| pages=60–86 | doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1| pmid=12801472| issue= 1}}</ref>
** ''[[Nodilittorina]]'' s.s. – the monotypic subgenus<ref name="Littorininae">{{Cite journal| author1=S T Williams| author2=D G Reid| author3=D T J Littlewood| title=A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean.| journal=Mol Phylogenet Evol| year=2003| volume=28| url=http://lib.bioinfo.pl/pmid:12801472| pages=60–86| doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1| pmid=12801472| issue=1| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005114623/http://lib.bioinfo.pl/pmid%3A12801472| archive-date=5 October 2012| df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* ''[[Peasiella]]'' - Nevill, 1885
* ''[[Peasiella]]'' - Nevill, 1885
* ''[[Tectarius]]'' [[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1833 - 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: ''[[Echininus]]'' Clench & Abbott, 1942.
* ''[[Tectarius]]'' [[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1833 – 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: ''[[Echininus]]'' Clench & Abbott, 1942.


;Lacuninae
;[[Lacuninae]]
* ''[[Bembicium]]'' Philippi, 1846
* ''[[Bembicium]]'' Philippi, 1846
* ''[[Cremnoconchus]]'' Blanford, 1869<ref name="water2010">(file created 29 July 2010) [http://zsi.gov.in/zoological-survey-of-india/zsi-data/checklist/FW_Mollusca.pdf FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA]. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.</ref><ref>Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". ''[[Annals and Magazine of Natural History]]'' (4)'''3''': [https://archive.org/stream/s4annalsmagazine03londuoft#page/340/mode/2up 340]-344. [https://archive.org/stream/s4annalsmagazine03londuoft#page/342/mode/2up page 343].</ref> - freshwater snails living in waterfalls.<ref name="Strong 2008">Strong E. E., Gargominy O., [[Winston Ponder|Ponder W. F.]] & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". ''[[Hydrobiologia]]'' 595: 149-166. {{hdl|10088/7390}} {{doi|10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6}}.</ref>
* ''[[Cremnoconchus]]'' Blanford, 1869<ref name="water2010">(file created 29 July 2010) [http://zsi.gov.in/zoological-survey-of-india/zsi-data/checklist/FW_Mollusca.pdf FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.</ref><ref>Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". ''[[Annals and Magazine of Natural History]]'' (4)'''3''': [https://archive.org/stream/s4annalsmagazine03londuoft#page/340/mode/2up 340]-344. [https://archive.org/stream/s4annalsmagazine03londuoft#page/342/mode/2up page 343].</ref> – freshwater snails living in waterfalls.<ref name="Strong 2008">Strong E. E., Gargominy O., [[Winston Ponder|Ponder W. F.]] & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". ''[[Hydrobiologia]]'' 595: 149–166. {{hdl|10088/7390}} {{doi|10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6}}.</ref>
* ''[[Lacuna (gastropod)|Lacuna]]'' [[William Turton|Turton]], 1827 - synonym: ''Aquilonaria'' [[W. H. Dall|Dall]], 1886
* ''[[Lacuna (gastropod)|Lacuna]]'' [[William Turton|Turton]], 1827 – synonym: ''Aquilonaria'' [[W. H. Dall|Dall]], 1886
* ''[[Pellilitorina]]'' Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
* ''[[Pellilitorina]]'' Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
* ''[[Risellopsis]]'' Kesteven, 1902
* ''[[Risellopsis]]'' Kesteven, 1902


;Laevilitorininae
;[[Laevilitorininae]]
* ''[[Laevilacunaria]]'' Powell, 1951
* ''[[Laevilacunaria]]'' Powell, 1951
* ''[[Laevilitorina]]'' [[Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer|Pfeiffer]], 1886
* ''[[Laevilitorina]]'' [[Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer|Pfeiffer]], 1886
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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* {{ITIS |id=70394 |taxon=Littorinidae}}
* {{ITIS |id=70394 |taxon=Littorinidae}}
* [[Arthur William Baden Powell|Powell A. W. B.]], ''New Zealand Mollusca'', [[HarperCollins|William Collins Publishers Ltd]], Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
* [[Arthur William Baden Powell|Powell A. W. B.]], ''New Zealand Mollusca'', [[HarperCollins|William Collins Publishers Ltd]], Auckland, New Zealand 1979 {{ISBN|0-00-216906-1}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
⚫
{{Commons category|Littorinidae}}
{{Cite journal| doi=10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393|author1=David G. Reid |author2=Suzanne T. Williams | title=The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina| journal=Record of the Australian Museum| year=2004| volume=56| url=http://www.amonline.net.au/pdf/publications/1393_complete.pdf| pages=75–122}}
{{Cite journal| doi=10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393|author1=David G. Reid |author2=Suzanne T. Williams | title=The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina| journal=Records of the Australian Museum| year=2004| volume=56| url=http://www.amonline.net.au/pdf/publications/1393_complete.pdf| pages=75–122}}


==External links==

{{taxonbar}}
⚫
{{Commons category|Littorinidae}}
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}
{{Edible molluscs}}
{{Edible molluscs}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1325371}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Littorinidae| ]]
[[Category:Littorinidae| ]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John George Children]]

Latest revision as of 23:46, 25 October 2023

Littorinidae
Two shells of the common periwinke Littorina littorea
Two shells of the common periwinke Littorina littorea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Superfamily: Littorinoidea
Family: Littorinidae
Children, 1834[1]
Subfamilies
Diversity[2]
Two freshwater species and numerous marine species.

The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found worldwide.[3]

Names

[edit]

In English-speaking countries, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the Neritidae, are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles" because they are small, round snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.

Taxonomy

[edit]

These subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

  • Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834 – synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
  • Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 – synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
  • Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989

Genera within the family Littorinidae include:[4]

Littorininae
Lacuninae
Laevilitorininae

subfamily ?

Synonyms
  • Corneolitorina Powell, 1951: synonym of Laevilitorina (Laevilitorina) Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 represented as Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
  • Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria Dall, 1885
  • Macquariella Finlay, 1926: synonym of Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
  • Rissolittorina Ponder, 1966: synonym of Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
  2. ^ a b Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149–166. hdl:10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
  3. ^ Tunnell, John W.; Andrews, Jean; Barrera, Noe C.; Moretzsohn, Fabio (15 July 2010). Encyclopedia of Texas Seashells: Identification, Ecology, Distribution, and History. Texas A&M University Press. p. 398. ISBN 978-1-60344-141-4.
  4. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae
  5. ^ a b Reid, D. G. (2009). "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2184: 1–103. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2184.1.1.
  6. ^ a b (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA[permanent dead link‍]. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
  7. ^ S T Williams; D G Reid; D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 28 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472. Archived from the original on 5 October 2012.
  8. ^ Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.

Further reading

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Littorinidae.

David G. Reid; Suzanne T. Williams (2004). "The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. 56: 75–122. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393.

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