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{{Short description|American architect}}
{{other people|John MacArthur}}
[[Image:John McArthur Jr.jpg|thumb|right|John McArthur Jr. (1823-1890)]]
{{other people|John McArthur}}
[[Image:John McArthur Jr.jpg|thumb|An 1860 illustration of McArthur]]
'''John McArthur Jr''' (1823–1890) was a prominent [[United States|American]] [[architect]] based in [[Philadelphia]]. Best remembered as the architect of the landmark [[Philadelphia City Hall]], McArthur also designed some of the city's most ambitious buildings of the Civil War era. Few of his buildings survive.
[[Image:City Hall Philadelphia.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Philadelphia City Hall]] (built 1874-1901). When completed, this was the tallest occupied building in the world, surpassed in height only by the [[Washington Monument]] (7 feet / 2.1 meters taller) and the [[Eiffel Tower]] (515 feet / 157 meters taller). It remains the world's tallest all-masonry occupied building.]]
[[Image:City Hall Philadelphia.jpg|thumb|Upon its completion, [[Philadelphia City Hall]], built between 1874 and 1901, was the tallest occupied building in the world and the world's third-tallest building structure after the [[Washington Monument]], which is {{convert|7|ft|m|disp=x| / |abbr=off|sp=us}} taller, and the [[Eiffel Tower]], which is {{convert|515|ft|m|abbr=off|disp=x| / |sp=us}} taller. It remains the world's tallest all-masonry occupied building.]]
'''John McArthur Jr.''' (1823–1890) was a prominent [[United States|American]] [[architect]] based in [[Philadelphia]]. Best remembered as the architect of the landmark [[Philadelphia City Hall]], McArthur also designed some of the city's most ambitious buildings of the Civil War era. Few of his buildings survive.


==Career==
==Career==
John McArthur, Jr., was born in Bladenock, [[Scotland]], on 13 May 1823,<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/988539</ref> and came to the [[United States]] with his family when he was ten years old. Much of his mature style was characterized by [[Italianate]] and [[Second Empire (architecture)|Second Empire]] forms and several of his best-known buildings feature [[mansard]] roofs, which he helped to introduce and popularize in the United States. During the [[American Civil War]], McArthur planned 24 temporary war hospitals, including [[Fort Delaware]]'s 600-bed hospital on Pea Patch Island.<ref>The Annual Report of the Library Company of Philadelphia, by Library Company of Philadelphia, page 52</ref>
John McArthur Jr. was born in Bladenock, [[Scotland]], on 13 May 1823,<ref>{{cite journal |title= John McArthur, Jr. (1823-1890)|journal=Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians|volume=28|issue=4|pages=271–283|jstor=988539|last1=Wodehouse|first1=Lawrence|year=1969|doi=10.2307/988539}}</ref> and came to the [[United States]] with his family when he was ten years old. Much of his mature style was characterized by [[Italianate]] and [[Second Empire (architecture)|Second Empire]] forms and several of his best-known buildings feature [[mansard]] roofs, which he helped to introduce and popularize in the United States. During the [[American Civil War]], McArthur planned 24 temporary war hospitals, including [[Fort Delaware]]'s 600-bed hospital on Pea Patch Island.<ref>The Annual Report of the Library Company of Philadelphia, by Library Company of Philadelphia, page 52</ref>


Philadelphia has looked up to McArthur’s architecture for more than a century. The 250-foot-tall tower-and-spire of his [[Tenth Presbyterian Church]] (1854) was the tallest structure in the city when built. (Its 150-foot wooden spire was removed in 1912.) Later, this was surpassed by the tower of City Hall (1874–1901), whose 548 feet (167 meters) made it the tallest occupied building in the world when completed. Until the late 20th century, an unwritten agreement among Philadelphia architects kept all buildings shorter than the top of the statue of [[William Penn]] atop McArthur’s tower.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}
Philadelphia has looked up to McArthur's architecture for more than a century. The 250-foot-tall tower-and-spire of his [[Tenth Presbyterian Church]] (1854) was the tallest structure in the city when built. (Its 150-foot wooden spire was removed in 1912.) Later, this was surpassed by the tower of City Hall (1874–1901), whose {{convert|548|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} made it the tallest occupied building in the world when completed. Until the late 20th century, an unwritten agreement among Philadelphia architects kept all buildings shorter than the top of the statue of [[William Penn]] atop McArthur's tower.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}


==Personal life==
A Presbyterian and a member of Tenth Church, McArthur was married to Matilda Prevost; they had two sons and two daughters.
A [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] and a member of Tenth Church, McArthur was married to Matilda Prevost; they had two sons and two daughters.


==Death==
McArthur died in Philadelphia on January 8, 1890.
McArthur died in [[Philadelphia]] on January 8, 1890.


== Architectural work ==
==Architectural work==
This is a partial list.
This is a partial list.
[[File:Wagnerfreeinstitute.jpg|thumb|[[Wagner Free Institute of Science]], Philadelphia (1859-65)]]
[[File:Wagnerfreeinstitute.jpg|thumb|[[Wagner Free Institute of Science]], Philadelphia (1859-65)]]
[[File:CHF P1000360 First National Bank Exterior.jpg|thumb| First National Bank building, now [[Chemical Heritage Foundation]], Philadelphia]]
[[File:CHF P1000360 First National Bank Exterior.jpg|thumb| First National Bank building, now [[Science History Institute]], Philadelphia]]
[[File:John McArthur Jr House West Phila.jpg|thumb|"Residence for John McArthur, Jr. West Philadelphia, Pa." (1881, demolished).]]
[[File:John McArthur Jr House West Phila.jpg|thumb|"Residence for John McArthur Jr. West Philadelphia, Pa." (1881, demolished).]]
[[Image:John McArthur plans.jpg|thumb|Plan for U.S. Army Hospital, [[Fort Delaware]], Pea Patch Island, DE (1863, demolished). This 600-bed hospital served the garrison, Confederate prisoners, and civilians.]]
[[Image:John McArthur plans.jpg|thumb|Plan for U.S. Army Hospital, [[Fort Delaware]], Pea Patch Island, DE (1863, demolished). This 600-bed hospital served the garrison, Confederate prisoners, and civilians.]]


===Philadelphia buildings===
===Philadelphia buildings===
* [[Tenth Presbyterian Church]], 17th & Spruce Sts., Philadelphia (1854, altered by [[Frank Miles Day]] 1893)<ref>[http://www.tenth.org/index.php?id=144 Our History & Architecture | Tenth Presbyterian Church<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* [[Tenth Presbyterian Church]], 17th & Spruce Sts., Philadelphia (1854, altered by [[Frank Miles Day]] 1893)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tenth.org/index.php?id=144 |title=Our History & Architecture {{!}} Tenth Presbyterian Church<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307011101/http://www.tenth.org/index.php?id=144 |archive-date=2012-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Wagner Free Institute of Science]], 1700 W. Montgomery Ave., Philadelphia (1859–65)
* [[Wagner Free Institute of Science]], 1700 W. Montgomery Ave., Philadelphia (1859–65)
* [[First National Bank (Philadelphia)|First National Bank]] Building, 315 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia (1865–67). Now a museum run by the [[Chemical Heritage Foundation]].
* [[First National Bank (Philadelphia)|First National Bank]] Building, 315 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia (1865–67). Now the [[Science History Institute]].
* [[Philadelphia City Hall]], Penn Square, Philadelphia (1874–1901) (with [[Thomas U. Walter]])
* [[Philadelphia City Hall]], Penn Square, Philadelphia (1874–1901) (with [[Thomas U. Walter]])


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* Residence for Dr. David Jayne, 19th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1865, demolished)
* Residence for Dr. David Jayne, 19th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1865, demolished)
* Public Ledger Building, SW corner 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1867, demolished)
* Public Ledger Building, SW corner 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1867, demolished)
* John McArthur, Jr. Residence, 4203 Walnut St., Philadelphia (1881, demolished).
* John McArthur Jr. Residence, 4203 Walnut St., Philadelphia (1881, demolished).
* Children’s Ward, [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|Presbyterian Hospital]], 39th & Filbert Sts., Philadelphia (1881–88, demolished).
* Children's Ward, [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|Presbyterian Hospital]], 39th & Filbert Sts., Philadelphia (1881–88, demolished).
* Entrance, [[The Woodlands (Philadelphia)|The Woodlands]], Philadelphia (1936, demolished)<ref name=WDL1>{{cite web|title=Woodlands Cemetery. Main Entrance|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9507/|work=[[The Library Company of Philadelphia]]|publisher=[[World Digital Library]]|accessdate=3 January 2014}}</ref>
* Entrance, [[The Woodlands (Philadelphia)|The Woodlands]], Philadelphia (1936, demolished)<ref name=WDL1>{{cite web|title=Woodlands Cemetery. Main Entrance|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9507/|work=[[The Library Company of Philadelphia]]|publisher=[[World Digital Library]]|accessdate=3 January 2014}}</ref>


===Buildings elsewhere===
===Buildings elsewhere===
* First Presbyterian Church, [[Capitol Square]], 10th & Capitol Sts., Richmond, Virginia (1852-3)<ref>http://www.vahistorical.org/lva/firstpres.htm</ref>
* First Presbyterian Church, Capitol Square, 10th & Capitol Sts., Richmond, Virginia (1852-3)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vahistorical.org/lva/firstpres.htm |title=First Presbyterian Church, Tenth and Capitol streets, Richmond |accessdate=2008-10-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014094333/http://www.vahistorical.org/lva/firstpres.htm |archivedate=2007-10-14 }}</ref>
* Media Presbyterian Church, Media, Pennsylvania (1853-1854)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Davis |first=Alida |title=Media Presbyterian Church 1850-2000: 150 Years of Worship |publisher=Media Presbyterian Church |year=2000 |location=Media, PA}}</ref>
* U.S. Naval Hospital, [[Mare Island]], California (1853)<ref>Message from the President of the United States to the Two Houses of Congress, [[Millard Fillmore]], 1853, p 738</ref><ref>Mare Island is a National Register historic district #75002103, and also a National Historic Landmark.</ref>
* U.S. Naval Hospital, [[Mare Island]], California (1870)<ref>Message from the President of the United States to the Two Houses of Congress, [[Millard Fillmore]], 1853, p 738</ref><ref>The Solano Historian, vol. 19-1 (2003), p7ff</ref>
* U.S. Army Hospital, [[Fort Delaware]], Pea Patch Island, Delaware. (1863, demolished)
* U.S. Army Hospital, [[Fort Delaware]], Pea Patch Island, Delaware. (1863, demolished)
* [[State Hospital for the Insane at Danville|State Hospital for the Insane]], Danville, Pennsylvania (1869). Still in use as [[Danville State Hospital]].<ref>[http://dsh.thomas-industriesinc.com/ Danville State Hospital<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* [[State Hospital for the Insane at Danville|State Hospital for the Insane]], Danville, Pennsylvania (1869). Still in use as [[Danville State Hospital]].<ref>[http://dsh.thomas-industriesinc.com/ Danville State Hospital<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* Pardee Hall, [[Lafayette College]], Easton, Pennsylvania (1873).<ref>http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~library/special/survey/pardee.html</ref><ref>Source: The Architect’s and Builders Pocket-Book, by Frank Eugene Kidder, 1908, page 1546</ref>
* [[Pardee Hall]], [[Lafayette College]], Easton, Pennsylvania (1873).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~library/special/survey/pardee.html |title=Pardee Hall |accessdate=2008-10-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223145901/http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~library/special/survey/pardee.html |archivedate=2009-02-23 }}</ref><ref>Source: The Architect’s and Builders Pocket-Book, by Frank Eugene Kidder, 1908, page 1546</ref>
* Hospital for the Insane, Warren, Pennsylvania (1874) (a [[Kirkbride Plan]] building). Still in use as Warren State Hospital.<ref>[http://www.kirkbridebuildings.com/blog/warren-state-hospital-information Warren State Hospital * Asylum Architecture, History, Preservation * Kirkbride Buildings<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* Hospital for the Insane, Warren, Pennsylvania (1874) (a [[Kirkbride Plan]] building). Still in use as Warren State Hospital.<ref>[http://www.kirkbridebuildings.com/blog/warren-state-hospital-information Warren State Hospital * Asylum Architecture, History, Preservation * Kirkbride Buildings<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


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<gallery>
<gallery>
File:La Pierre House, Academy of Natural Science, and Union League, Broad Street, below Chestnut, by Bartlett & French.jpg|La Pierre House, 100 block of South Broad St., Philadelphia (1856, demolished)
File:La Pierre House, Academy of Natural Science, and Union League, Broad Street, below Chestnut, by Bartlett & French.jpg|La Pierre House, 100 block of South Broad St., Philadelphia (1856, demolished)
File:Continental Hotel. (March, 1868), by Bartlett & French.jpg|Continental Hotel, SE corner 9th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1857-1860, demolished).
File:Continental Hotel. (March, 1868), by Bartlett & French.jpg|Continental Hotel, SE corner 9th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1857–1860, demolished).
File:Farmers' Market, Philadelphia, by Cremer, James, 1821-1893.jpg|Franklin Farmers' Market, 100 block Market St., Philadelphia (1859, demolished).
File:Farmers' Market, Philadelphia, by Cremer, James, 1821-1893.jpg|Franklin Farmers' Market, 100 block Market St., Philadelphia (1859, demolished).
File:WagnerFreeInstitute.jpg|[[Wagner Free Institute of Science]] (1859–65), second-floor Hall and galleries.
File:WagnerFreeInstitute.jpg|[[Wagner Free Institute of Science]] (1859–65), second-floor Hall and galleries.
File:Mickve.jpg|Mikveh Israel Synagogue, 117 N. 17th St., Philadelphia (1860, demolished).
File:Mickve.jpg|Mikveh Israel Synagogue, 117 N. 17th St., Philadelphia (1860, demolished).
File:Fort Delaware main hospital.jpg|U.S. Hospital, [[Fort Delaware]], Pea Patch Island, DE (1863, demolished).
File:Fort Delaware main hospital.jpg|U.S. Hospital, [[Fort Delaware]], Pea Patch Island, DE (1863, demolished).
File:First National Bank, Philadelphia, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views.jpg|First National Bank, 315 Chestnut St., Philadelphia (1865–67). Now [[Chemical Heritage Foundation]].
File:First National Bank, Philadelphia, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views.jpg|First National Bank, 315 Chestnut St., Philadelphia (1865–67). Now [[Science History Institute]].
File:Philadelphia Public Ledger Building 1868.jpg|Public Ledger Building, SW corner 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1867, demolished).
File:Philadelphia Public Ledger Building 1868.jpg|Public Ledger Building, SW corner 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1867, demolished).
File:Court House. Public Ledger building, by Christopher Bell.jpg|Congress Hall and Public Ledger Building.
File:Court House. Public Ledger building, by Christopher Bell.jpg|Congress Hall and Public Ledger Building.
Line 66: Line 70:
File:Presbyterian Hospital Childrens Ward.jpg|Children's Ward, Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia (1881–88, demolished).
File:Presbyterian Hospital Childrens Ward.jpg|Children's Ward, Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia (1881–88, demolished).
File:Tenth pres 17-spruce.jpg|Tenth Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (1854)
File:Tenth pres 17-spruce.jpg|Tenth Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (1854)
File:McArthur Architectural Drawing.jpg|Naval Hospital at Mare Island, California.
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Descendants==
==Descendants==
A descendant, David Paul McArthur, works as an architect out of the [[Fishtown]] section of [[Philadelphia]].{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}
A descendant, David Paul McArthur, works as an architect out of the [[Fishtown, Philadelphia|Fishtown]] section of [[Philadelphia]].{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata

| NAME = McArthur, John, Jr.
{{DEFAULTSORT:McArthur, John Jr.}}
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American architect
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1823
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1890
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:McArthur, John, Jr.}}
[[Category:American architects]]
[[Category:1823 births]]
[[Category:1823 births]]
[[Category:1890 deaths]]
[[Category:1890 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:World Digital Library related]]
[[Category:People from Badenoch and Strathspey]]
[[Category:American people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:19th-century American architects]]
[[Category:19th-century American architects]]
[[Category:Architects from Philadelphia]]
[[Category:British emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:People from Badenoch and Strathspey]]

Latest revision as of 20:20, 17 February 2024

An 1860 illustration of McArthur
Upon its completion, Philadelphia City Hall, built between 1874 and 1901, was the tallest occupied building in the world and the world's third-tallest building structure after the Washington Monument, which is 7 feet / 2.1 meters taller, and the Eiffel Tower, which is 515 feet / 157 meters taller. It remains the world's tallest all-masonry occupied building.

John McArthur Jr. (1823–1890) was a prominent American architect based in Philadelphia. Best remembered as the architect of the landmark Philadelphia City Hall, McArthur also designed some of the city's most ambitious buildings of the Civil War era. Few of his buildings survive.

Career

[edit]

John McArthur Jr. was born in Bladenock, Scotland, on 13 May 1823,[1] and came to the United States with his family when he was ten years old. Much of his mature style was characterized by Italianate and Second Empire forms and several of his best-known buildings feature mansard roofs, which he helped to introduce and popularize in the United States. During the American Civil War, McArthur planned 24 temporary war hospitals, including Fort Delaware's 600-bed hospital on Pea Patch Island.[2]

Philadelphia has looked up to McArthur's architecture for more than a century. The 250-foot-tall tower-and-spire of his Tenth Presbyterian Church (1854) was the tallest structure in the city when built. (Its 150-foot wooden spire was removed in 1912.) Later, this was surpassed by the tower of City Hall (1874–1901), whose 548 feet (167 meters) made it the tallest occupied building in the world when completed. Until the late 20th century, an unwritten agreement among Philadelphia architects kept all buildings shorter than the top of the statue of William Penn atop McArthur's tower.[citation needed]

Personal life

[edit]

A Presbyterian and a member of Tenth Church, McArthur was married to Matilda Prevost; they had two sons and two daughters.

Death

[edit]

McArthur died in Philadelphia on January 8, 1890.

Architectural work

[edit]

This is a partial list.

Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia (1859-65)
First National Bank building, now Science History Institute, Philadelphia
"Residence for John McArthur Jr. West Philadelphia, Pa." (1881, demolished).
Plan for U.S. Army Hospital, Fort Delaware, Pea Patch Island, DE (1863, demolished). This 600-bed hospital served the garrison, Confederate prisoners, and civilians.

Philadelphia buildings

[edit]

Demolished Philadelphia buildings

[edit]
  • Assembly Building, 10th & Chestnut Sts. Philadelphia (1851, rebuilt 1852 possibly by McArthur, demolished)
  • Girard House Hotel, n. side of Chestnut St. at 9th St., Philadelphia (1852, demolished)
  • La Pierre House, South Broad St., Philadelphia (1856, demolished)
  • Continental Hotel, SE corner 9th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1857–1860, demolished)[4]
  • American Sunday School Union building, 316-320 Chestnut St., Philadelphia (1858, demolished)
  • Franklin Farmers' Market, 100 block of Market St., Philadelphia (1859, demolished)
  • Mikveh Israel Synagogue, 117 N. 7th St., Philadelphia (1860, demolished)[5]
  • Mower Hospital (temporary Civil War hospital), Wyndmoor, Philadelphia (1863, demolished)
  • Residence for Dr. David Jayne, 19th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1865, demolished)
  • Public Ledger Building, SW corner 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1867, demolished)
  • John McArthur Jr. Residence, 4203 Walnut St., Philadelphia (1881, demolished).
  • Children's Ward, Presbyterian Hospital, 39th & Filbert Sts., Philadelphia (1881–88, demolished).
  • Entrance, The Woodlands, Philadelphia (1936, demolished)[6]

Buildings elsewhere

[edit]
[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

A descendant, David Paul McArthur, works as an architect out of the Fishtown section of Philadelphia.[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Wodehouse, Lawrence (1969). "John McArthur, Jr. (1823-1890)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 28 (4): 271–283. doi:10.2307/988539. JSTOR 988539.
  2. ^ The Annual Report of the Library Company of Philadelphia, by Library Company of Philadelphia, page 52
  3. ^ "Our History & Architecture | Tenth Presbyterian Church". Archived from the original on 2012-03-07. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
  4. ^ Untitled Document
  5. ^ Congregation Mikveh Israel
  6. ^ "Woodlands Cemetery. Main Entrance". The Library Company of Philadelphia. World Digital Library. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  7. ^ "First Presbyterian Church, Tenth and Capitol streets, Richmond". Archived from the original on 2007-10-14. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
  8. ^ Davis, Alida (2000). Media Presbyterian Church 1850-2000: 150 Years of Worship. Media, PA: Media Presbyterian Church.
  9. ^ Message from the President of the United States to the Two Houses of Congress, Millard Fillmore, 1853, p 738
  10. ^ The Solano Historian, vol. 19-1 (2003), p7ff
  11. ^ Danville State Hospital
  12. ^ "Pardee Hall". Archived from the original on 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
  13. ^ Source: The Architect’s and Builders Pocket-Book, by Frank Eugene Kidder, 1908, page 1546
  14. ^ Warren State Hospital * Asylum Architecture, History, Preservation * Kirkbride Buildings