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{{Short description|Subspecies of bird}}
{{Taxobox
{{Subspeciesbox
| name = Mangrove Black Hawk
⚫
| image = Buteogallus anthracinus subtilis (28061783591).jpg
| image =
| status = LC
| genus = Buteogallus
| species = anthracinus
| status_system = iucn3.1
| species_link = Common black hawk
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
⚫
| subspecies = subtilis
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
⚫
| authority = ([[John Eliot Thayer|Thayer]] & [[Outram Bangs|Bangs]], 1905)
| classis = [[Bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Falconiformes]] (or [[Accipitriformes]], q.v.)
| familia = [[Accipitridae]]
| genus = ''[[Buteogallus]]''
| species = ''[[Buteogallus anthracinus|B. anthracinus]]''
⚫
| subspecies = '''''B. anthracinus subtilis'''
⚫
| trinomial = ''Buteogallus anthracinus subtilis''
⚫
| trinomial_authority = ([[John Eliot Thayer|Thayer]] & [[Outram Bangs|Bangs]], 1905)
}}
}}


The '''Mangrove Black Hawk''', ''Buteogallus anthracinus subtilis'', is a [[bird of prey]] in the [[family]] [[Accipitridae]]. Traditionally treated as a distinct species, recent evidence strongly suggests it should be considered a [[subspecies]] of the [[Common Black Hawk]] (''Buteogallus anthracinus'').<ref name =taxonomy>Clark, W. S. 2007. Taxonomic status and distribution of Mangrove Black Hawk Buteogallus (anthracinus) subtilis. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 127:110-117.</ref>
The '''mangrove black hawk''' ('''''Buteogallus anthracinus subtilis''''') is a [[neotropics|neotropical]] [[bird of prey]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Accipitridae]] native to South and Central America. Briefly treated as a distinct species, ''Buteogallus subtilis'',<ref>{{avibase|A99AD69EDD9C94BA|Buteogallus subtilis}}</ref> recent evidence strongly suggests it should be considered a [[subspecies]] of the [[common black hawk]] (''Buteogallus anthracinus''). <ref name =taxonomy>Clark, W. S. 2007. Taxonomic status and distribution of Mangrove Black Hawk Buteogallus (anthracinus) subtilis. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 127:110-117.</ref>


==Range and habitat==
The Mangrove Black Hawk is a resident breeding bird in the [[Neotropics]] from eastern [[Panama]], through western [[Colombia]] and [[Ecuador]], to far north-western [[Peru]]. Previously, it was incorrectly believed to occur as far north as [[Mexico]], but all individuals from western Panama and northwards are [[nominate subspecies|nominate]] Common Black Hawk.<ref name =taxonomy/>
The mangrove black hawk is a resident breeding bird from eastern [[Panama]], through western [[Colombia]] and [[Ecuador]], to far north-western [[Peru]]. Previously, it was incorrectly believed to occur as far north as [[Mexico]], but all individuals from western Panama and northwards are [[nominate subspecies|nominate]] common black hawk. <ref name =taxonomy/>


This is a mainly coastal bird of Pacific [[mangrove]] swamps, [[estuary|estuaries]] and adjacent dry open woodland, which builds a large stick nest in a mangrove tree, and usually lays one dark-blotched whitish egg.
This is a mainly coastal bird of Pacific [[mangrove]] swamps, [[estuary|estuaries]] and adjacent dry open woodland, which builds a large stick nest in a mangrove tree, and usually lays one dark-blotched whitish egg.


==Characteristics==
The adult Mangrove Black Hawk is 43–53&nbsp;cm long and weighs around 930&nbsp;g. It has very broad wings, and is mainly black with an brownish cast to the upper-wings. The short tail is black with a single broad white band and a white tip. The bill is black and the legs and cere are yellow.
The adult mangrove black hawk is 43–53&nbsp;cm long and weighs around 930&nbsp;g. It has very broad wings, and is mainly black with a brownish cast to the upper-wings. The short tail is black with a single broad white band and a white tip. The bill is black and the legs and cere are yellow.


Sexes are similar, but immature birds are dark brown above with spotting and streaks. Their underparts are buff to whitish with dark blotches, and the tail has a number of black and white bars.
Sexes are similar, but immature birds are dark brown above with spotting and streaks. Their underparts are buff to whitish with dark blotches, and the tail has a number of black and white bars.


The Mangrove Black Hawk feeds mainly on [[crab]]s, but will also take small [[vertebrate]]s and eggs. This species is often seen soaring, with occasional lazy flaps, and has a [[talon]]-touching aerial courtship display. The call of the Mangrove Black Hawk is a distinctive piping ''spink-speenk-speenk-spink-spink-spink.''
The call of the mangrove black hawk is a distinctive piping ''{{not a typo|spink-speenk-speenk-spink-spink-spink}}''.

==Diet==
The mangrove black hawk feeds mainly on [[crab]]s, but will also take small [[vertebrate]]s and eggs. This species is often seen soaring, with occasional lazy flaps, and has a [[Talon (anatomy)|talon]]-touching aerial courtship display.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
⚫
* Stiles and Skutch, ''A guide to the birds of Costa Rica'' {{ISBN|0-8014-9600-4}}
* {{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=49419|title=Buteogallus subtilis|downloaded=11 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
⚫
* Stiles and Skutch, ''A guide to the birds of Costa Rica'' ISBN 0-8014-9600-4


{{Taxonbar|from=Q661606}}
[[Category:Buteogallus]]
[[Category:hawks]]


[[fr:Buteogallus subtilis]]
[[Category:Buteogallus|mangrove black hawk]]
[[Category:Hawks|mangrove black hawk]]
[[Category:Birds of Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1905|mangrove black hawk]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Thayer (ornithologist)|mangrove black hawk]]

Latest revision as of 21:55, 25 February 2024

Mangrove black hawk
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Genus: Buteogallus
Species:
B. anthracinus
Subspecies:
B. a. subtilis
Trinomial name
Buteogallus anthracinus subtilis
(Thayer & Bangs, 1905)

The mangrove black hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus subtilis) is a neotropical bird of prey in the family Accipitridae native to South and Central America. Briefly treated as a distinct species, Buteogallus subtilis,[1] recent evidence strongly suggests it should be considered a subspecies of the common black hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus). [2]

Range and habitat

[edit]

The mangrove black hawk is a resident breeding bird from eastern Panama, through western Colombia and Ecuador, to far north-western Peru. Previously, it was incorrectly believed to occur as far north as Mexico, but all individuals from western Panama and northwards are nominate common black hawk. [2]

This is a mainly coastal bird of Pacific mangrove swamps, estuaries and adjacent dry open woodland, which builds a large stick nest in a mangrove tree, and usually lays one dark-blotched whitish egg.

Characteristics

[edit]

The adult mangrove black hawk is 43–53 cm long and weighs around 930 g. It has very broad wings, and is mainly black with a brownish cast to the upper-wings. The short tail is black with a single broad white band and a white tip. The bill is black and the legs and cere are yellow.

Sexes are similar, but immature birds are dark brown above with spotting and streaks. Their underparts are buff to whitish with dark blotches, and the tail has a number of black and white bars.

The call of the mangrove black hawk is a distinctive piping spink-speenk-speenk-spink-spink-spink.

Diet

[edit]

The mangrove black hawk feeds mainly on crabs, but will also take small vertebrates and eggs. This species is often seen soaring, with occasional lazy flaps, and has a talon-touching aerial courtship display.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Buteogallus subtilis". Avibase.
  2. ^ a b Clark, W. S. 2007. Taxonomic status and distribution of Mangrove Black Hawk Buteogallus (anthracinus) subtilis. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 127:110-117.
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