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{{Short description|Species of mammal}}
{{speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Common duiker
| name = Common duiker
| image = Common_duiker_kenya.jpg
| image = Céphalophe de grimm, crop.jpg
| image_caption = Adult male in [[Pendjari National Park]], [[Benin]]
| image2 = Bush Duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) female (17326060406), crop.jpg
| image2_caption = Adult female in the [[Kruger National Park]], [[South Africa]]
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. 2016. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21203/0 ''Sylvicapra grimmia''.] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. Downloaded on 24 August 2016.</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group |date=2016 |title=''Sylvicapra grimmia'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T21203A50194717 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21203A50194717.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Sylvicapra
| genus = Sylvicapra
| parent_authority = [[William Ogilby|Ogilby]], 1837
| parent_authority = [[William Ogilby|Ogilby]], 1837
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| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| display_parents = 2
| display_parents = 2
| synonyms = ''Capra grimmia'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}}<br />
''Moschus grimmia'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1766}}
}}
}}


The '''common duiker''', (''Sylvicapra grimmia''), also known as the '''grey''' or '''bush duiker''', is a small [[antelope]] found in west, central, east, and southern [[Africa]]- essentially everywhere in Africa south of the [[Sahara]], excluding the Horn of Africa and the rainforests of the central and western parts of the continent. Generally, they are found in habitats with sufficient vegetation cover to allow them to hide—[[savanna]] and hilly areas, including the fringes of human settlements.
The '''common duiker''' ('''''Sylvicapra grimmia'''''), also known as the '''gray duiker''' or '''bush duiker''', is a small [[antelope]] and the [[monotypic taxon|only member]] of the [[genus]] '''''Sylvicapra'''''. This species is found everywhere in Africa [[Sub-Saharan Africa|south]] of the [[Sahara]], excluding the [[Horn of Africa]] and the [[rainforest|rainforests]] of the [[Central Africa|central]] and [[West Africa|western]] parts of [[Africa|the continent]]. Generally, they are found in habitats with sufficient vegetation cover to allow them to hide—[[savannah]] and hilly areas, including the fringes of human settlements.<ref name="Sylvicapra grimmia – Common Duiker">{{cite web |quote=extract from The Red List of Mammals of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland - 2016|last1=Child |first1=Matthew F. |title=Sylvicapra grimmia – Common Duiker |url=https://www.ewt.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/28.-Common-Duiker-Sylvicapra-grimmia_LC.pdf |website=[[Endangered Wildlife Trust]] |access-date=4 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711065615/https://www.ewt.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/28.-Common-Duiker-Sylvicapra-grimmia_LC.pdf}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==


⚫
Colouration of this species varies widely over its vast geographic range. There are 14 [[subspecies]] described,<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> ranging from chestnut in forested areas of [[Angola]] to grizzled gray in northern savannas and light brown shades in arid regions. It grows to about {{cvt|50|cm}} in height and generally weighs {{cvt|12|to|25|kg}}; females are generally larger and heavier than the males. Only the male has horns and these can grow to {{cvt|11|cm}} long.
[[File:Common Duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) female (11839101354).jpg|thumb|The female of common duiker at the [[Kruger National Park]]. Female is smaller than male and hornless.]]

⚫
Colouration of this species varies widely over its vast geographic range. There are 14 [[subspecies]] described,<ref name=iucn/> ranging from chestnut in forested areas of [[Angola]] to grizzled gray in northern savannas and light brown shades in arid regions. It grows to about {{convert|50|cm|abbr=on}} in height and generally weighs {{convert|12|to|25|kg|abbr=on}}; although females are generally larger and heavier than the males. Only the male has horns and these can grow to {{convert|11|cm|abbr=on}} long.


==Behavior==
==Behavior==
Breeding is year round and the female gives birth to one fawn after a [[gestation period]] of 6 to 7.5 months. The common duiker has a wide diet; beyond [[herbivorous]] [[Herbivory|browsing]] for leaves, flowers, fruits and tubers, they will also eat insects, frogs, small birds and mammals, and even [[carrion]]. As long as they have vegetation to eat (from which they get some water), they can go without drinking for very long periods. In the rainy season, they will frequently not drink water at all, instead obtaining fluids from fruits. They will often scavenge for these fruits below trees in which [[monkeys]] are feeding. They are active both day and night, but become more [[nocturnal]] near human settlements.
Breeding is year round and the female gives birth to one fawn after a [[gestation period]] of 6 to 7.5 months. The common duiker has a wide diet; beyond browsing for leaves, flowers, fruits and tubers, they will also eat insects, frogs, small birds and mammals, and even [[carrion]]. As long as they have vegetation to eat (from which they get some water), they can go without drinking for very long periods. In the rainy season, they will frequently not drink water at all, instead obtaining fluids from fruits. They will often scavenge for these fruits below trees in which monkeys are feeding. They are active both day and night, but become more nocturnal near human settlements, presumably due to the presence of feral dogs and humans.


Males are [[Territory (animal)|territorial]] and smear gland secretions on rocks and branches to mark their territories; their preferred resting places are generally on elevated ground, where they can observe their territory. Females, by contrast, prefer deeper cover. The overall success of this species stems from its ability to inhabit a wide variety of habitats, as well as from its adaptable, [[Generalist and specialist species|generalist]] diet.
Males are [[Territory (animal)|territorial]] and smear gland secretions on rocks and branches to mark their territories; their preferred resting places are generally on elevated ground, where they can observe their territory. Females, by contrast, prefer deeper cover. The overall success of this species stems from its ability to inhabit a wide variety of habitats, as well as from its adaptable, [[Generalist and specialist species|generalist]] diet.


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="font-size:100%; line-height:130%">
<gallery>
Common Duiker1.jpg|In [[Kruger National Park]]
Common duiker, Uganda.JPG|Juvenile male, [[Kidepo Valley National Park|Kidepo Valley N.P.]], Uganda
Common duiker, Uganda.JPG|Juvenile male in [[Kidepo Valley National Park]], Uganda
Common Duiker1.jpg|young male in [[Kruger National Park|Kruger Park]]
Common Duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) (6011670419).jpg|adult male in Kruger Park
Common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) female Maputo.jpg|female, Maputo National Park, Mozambique
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


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{{Artiodactyla|R.2}}
{{Artiodactyla|R.2}}


{{Taxonbar}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q756208}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:duiker, common}}
[[Category:Duikers]]
[[Category:Bovids of Africa]]
[[Category:Duikers|common duiker]]
[[Category:Mammals of South Africa]]
[[Category:Mammals of Sub-Saharan Africa]]
[[Category:Mammals of Namibia]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1758|common duiker]]
[[Category:Mammals of Angola]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|common duiker]]
[[Category:Fauna of East Africa]]
[[Category:Mammals of Kenya]]
[[Category:Mammals of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Fauna of West Africa]]
[[Category:Mammals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Mammals of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Sudan]]
[[Category:Mammals of Zambia]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1758]]
[[Category:Mammals of Uganda]]

Latest revision as of 20:47, 12 May 2024

Common duiker
Adult male in Pendjari National Park, Benin
Adult female in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Bovidae
Subfamily: Cephalophinae
Genus: Sylvicapra
Ogilby, 1837
Species:
S. grimmia
Binomial name
Sylvicapra grimmia
Synonyms

Capra grimmia Linnaeus, 1758
Moschus grimmia Linnaeus, 1766

The common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia), also known as the gray duiker or bush duiker, is a small antelope and the only member of the genus Sylvicapra. This species is found everywhere in Africa south of the Sahara, excluding the Horn of Africa and the rainforests of the central and western parts of the continent. Generally, they are found in habitats with sufficient vegetation cover to allow them to hide—savannah and hilly areas, including the fringes of human settlements.[2]

Description

[edit]

Colouration of this species varies widely over its vast geographic range. There are 14 subspecies described,[1] ranging from chestnut in forested areas of Angola to grizzled gray in northern savannas and light brown shades in arid regions. It grows to about 50 cm (20 in) in height and generally weighs 12 to 25 kg (26 to 55 lb); females are generally larger and heavier than the males. Only the male has horns and these can grow to 11 cm (4.3 in) long.

Behavior

[edit]

Breeding is year round and the female gives birth to one fawn after a gestation period of 6 to 7.5 months. The common duiker has a wide diet; beyond browsing for leaves, flowers, fruits and tubers, they will also eat insects, frogs, small birds and mammals, and even carrion. As long as they have vegetation to eat (from which they get some water), they can go without drinking for very long periods. In the rainy season, they will frequently not drink water at all, instead obtaining fluids from fruits. They will often scavenge for these fruits below trees in which monkeys are feeding. They are active both day and night, but become more nocturnal near human settlements, presumably due to the presence of feral dogs and humans.

Males are territorial and smear gland secretions on rocks and branches to mark their territories; their preferred resting places are generally on elevated ground, where they can observe their territory. Females, by contrast, prefer deeper cover. The overall success of this species stems from its ability to inhabit a wide variety of habitats, as well as from its adaptable, generalist diet.

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Sylvicapra grimmia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21203A50194717. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21203A50194717.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Child, Matthew F. "Sylvicapra grimmia – Common Duiker" (PDF). Endangered Wildlife Trust. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2022. extract from The Red List of Mammals of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland - 2016

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sylvicapra grimmia.
  • Animal. Smithsonian Institution, 2005, pg. 250
  • Alden, P. C., et al. Collins Guide to African Wildlife. Harper Collins, 2004.
  • Clutton-Brock, J., ed. Dorling Kindersley Mammal Handbook. Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2002.
  • Briggs, P. East African Wildlife. Bradt Travel Guides Limited, 2007.
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