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#REDIRECT [[Martyr#Political_meanings]] |
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In politics, a '''martyr''' is someone who suffers persecution and/or death for advocating, renouncing, refusing to renounce, and/or refusing to advocate a political belief or cause. |
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The [[Manchester Martyrs]] were three Irishmen executed after being condemned for association with the killing of a policeman in [[Manchester]], England in 1867. The day after the executions, [[Frederick Engels]] wrote to [[Karl Marx]]: "Yesterday morning the Tories, by the hand of Mr Calcraft, accomplished the final act of separation between England and Ireland. The only thing that the [[Fenians]] still lacked were martyrs. ... To my knowledge, the only time that anybody has been executed for a similar matter in a civilised country was the case of [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] at Harpers Ferry. The Fenians could not have wished for a better precedent."<ref>Marx and Engels in Ireland (1971) Progress Publishers, Moscow. [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867/letters/67_11_24.htm Letter of November 24 1867 Engels to Marx]</ref> |
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The [[Tolpuddle Martyrs]] were a group of 19th century agricultural labourers in [[Dorset]], England, who were arrested for and convicted of swearing a secret oath as members of the ''Friendly Society of Agricultural Labourers.'' The rules of the society showed it was clearly structured as a [[friendly society]], that is, a mutual association for the purposes of insurance, pensions, savings or cooperative banking; and it operated as a trade-specific [[benefit society]]. But at the time, friendly societies had strong elements of what are now considered to be the principal role of [[trade union]]s, and wages were at issue. The Tolpuddle Martyrs were sentenced not to death but to [[penal transportation|transportation]] to [[Australia]], a harsh form of exile.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/TolpuddleMartyrs.htm |title=The Tolpuddle Martyrs |publisher=Historic-uk.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-22}}</ref> |
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The [[Belfiore martyrs]] (in [[italian language|Italian]], ''Martiri di Belfiore'') were a group of [[Italy|Italian]] pro-independence fighters condemned to death by hanging in 1853 during the Italian Risorgimento. |
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They included [[Tito Speri]] and the priest [[Enrico Tazzoli (priest)|Enrico Tazzoli]] and are named after the site where the sentence was carried out, in the valley of Belfiore at the south entrance to [[Mantua]]. |
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Other notable martyrs include: |
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* 1965 – [[Malcolm X]], assassinated due to his leadership in [[Black Nationalism]] |
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* 1968 – [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], assassinated for his leadership of the [[Civil Rights Movement]] |
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* 1981 – [[Bobby Sands]], an Irish Republican who died on hunger strike while imprisoned |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Political activism]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:39, 22 May 2024
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