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| caption = Rockwell Formation at [[Sideling Hill]], [[Interstate 68|I-68]] roadcut
| caption = Rockwell Formation at [[Sideling Hill]], [[Interstate 68|I-68]] roadcut
| type = Sedimentary
| type = Sedimentary
| age = Late [[Devonian]] to Early [[Mississippian]]
| age = Late [[Devonian]] to Early [[Mississippian age|Mississippian]]
| period = Paleozoic
| prilithology = [[Sandstone]], [[shale]], [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]]
| prilithology = [[Sandstone]], [[shale]], [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]]
| otherlithology =
| otherlithology =
| namedfor = Rockwell Run, West Virginia
| namedfor = [[Rockwell Run]], West Virginia
| namedby = Stose and Swartz, 1912<ref name=StoseSwartz1912>Stose, G.W., and Swartz, C.K., 1912, Description of the Pawpaw and Hancock quadrangles (Maryland-West Virginia-Pennsylvania): U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Atlas of the United States, Pawpaw-Hancock folio, no. 179, p. 24.</ref>
| namedby = Stose and Swartz, 1912<ref name=StoseSwartz1912>Stose, G.W., and Swartz, C.K., 1912, Description of the Pawpaw and Hancock quadrangles (Maryland-West Virginia-Pennsylvania): U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Atlas of the United States, Pawpaw-Hancock folio, no. 179, p. 24.</ref>
| region = [[Appalachian Mountains]]
| region = [[Appalachian Mountains]]
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| coordinates =
| coordinates =
| unitof =
| unitof =
| subunits = Finzel Tongue,<ref name=Dennisonetal1986>Dennison, J.M., Beuthin, J.D., and Hasson, K.O., 1986, Latest Devonian-earliest Carboniferous marine transgressions central and southern Appalachians, USA, IN Bless, M.J., and Streel, M., eds., Late Devonian events around the Old Red Continent; field conference in Aachen (FRG), with excursions in the Ardenne (Belgium), the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge (FRG) and in Moravia (USSR): Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique, Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany, April 6-14, 1986, v. 109, no. 1, p. 123-129.</ref> Patton Shale, Riddlesburg Shale<ref name=KammerBjerstedt1986/>
| subunits = Finzel Tongue,<ref name=Dennisonetal1986>Dennison, J.M., Beuthin, J.D., and Hasson, K.O., 1986, Latest Devonian-earliest Carboniferous marine transgressions central and southern Appalachians, USA, IN Bless, M.J., and Streel, M., eds., Late Devonian events around the Old Red Continent; field conference in Aachen (FRG), with excursions in the Ardenne (Belgium), the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge (FRG) and in Moravia (USSR): Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique, Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany, April 6–14, 1986, v. 109, no. 1, p. 123-129.</ref> Patton Shale, Riddlesburg Shale<ref name=KammerBjerstedt1986/>
| underlies = [[Pocono Formation]]
| underlies = [[Pocono Formation]] and [[Purselane Sandstone]]
| overlies =
| overlies = [[Hampshire Formation]]
| thickness = 500 to 540 feet in WV,<ref name=StoseSwartz1912/> 540 to 550 feet at Sideling Hill<ref name=Vokes1957/>
| thickness = 500 to 540 feet in WV,<ref name=StoseSwartz1912/> 540 to 550 feet at Sideling Hill<ref name=Vokes1957/>
| extent = West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania
| extent = West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania
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}}
}}


The '''Rockwell Formation''' is a late [[Devonian]] and early [[Mississippian]] mapped bedrock unit in [[West Virginia]], [[Maryland]], and [[Pennsylvania]], in the United States.
The '''Rockwell Formation''' is a late [[Devonian]] and early [[Mississippian age|Mississippian]] mapped bedrock unit in [[West Virginia]], [[Maryland]], and [[Pennsylvania]], in the United States.


==Description==
==Description==
The Rockwell Formation was described at its type section at Rockwell Run in West Virginia as soft [[arkose|arkosic]] [[sandstone]], fine hard [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]], and buff hackly [[shale]].<ref name=StoseSwartz1912/>
The Rockwell Formation was described at its type section at [[Rockwell Run]] in West Virginia as soft [[arkose|arkosic]] [[sandstone]], fine hard [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]], and buff hackly [[shale]].<ref name=StoseSwartz1912/>


The formation was originally described in West Virginia by Stose and Swartz (1912).<ref name=StoseSwartz1912/> It was first described in Maryland by H. E. Vokes (1957),<ref name=Vokes1957>Vokes, H.E., 1957, Geography and geology of Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey Bulletin, no. 19, p. 243.</ref> and later described in central Pennsylvania by C. R. Wood (1980).<ref name=Wood1980>Wood, C.R., 1980, Summary groundwater resources of Centre County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Water Resource Report, 4th series, no. 48, p. 60.</ref>
The formation was originally described in West Virginia by Stose and Swartz (1912).<ref name=StoseSwartz1912/> It was first described in Maryland by H. E. Vokes (1957),<ref name=Vokes1957>Vokes, H.E., 1957, Geography and geology of Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey Bulletin, no. 19, p. 243.</ref> and later described in central Pennsylvania by C. R. Wood (1980).<ref name=Wood1980>Wood, C.R., 1980, Summary groundwater resources of Centre County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Water Resource Report, 4th series, no. 48, p. 60.</ref>


==[[Stratigraphy]]==
==Stratigraphy==
The Rockwell is generally considered a [[Formation (geology)|Formation]]. At Formation rank, it has several members, including the Patton and Riddlesburg Shale Members,<ref name=KammerBjerstedt1986>Kammer, T.W., and Bjerstedt, T.W., 1986, Stratigraphic framework of the Price Formation (Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian) in West Virginia: Southeastern Geology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 13-33.</ref> and the Finzel Tongue.<ref name=Dennisonetal1986/>
The Rockwell is generally considered a [[Formation (geology)|Formation]]. At Formation rank, it has several members, including the Patton and Riddlesburg Shale Members,<ref name=KammerBjerstedt1986>Kammer, T.W., and Bjerstedt, T.W., 1986, Stratigraphic framework of the Price Formation (Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian) in West Virginia: Southeastern Geology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 13-33.</ref> and the Finzel Tongue.<ref name=Dennisonetal1986/>


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The Rockwell is a lateral equivalent of the [[Huntley Mountain Formation]] and the [[Spechty Kopf Formation]], as all three underlie the prominent [[Pocono Formation]] and its lateral equivalent, the Burgoon Sandstone.
The Rockwell is a lateral equivalent of the [[Huntley Mountain Formation]] and the [[Spechty Kopf Formation]], as all three underlie the prominent [[Pocono Formation]] and its lateral equivalent, the Burgoon Sandstone.

Lessing, Dean, and Kulander (1992) mapped the Meadow Branch [[syncline|synclinorium]] in [[Berkeley County, West Virginia]], and noted that the Rockwell is approximately 200 meters thick here and that a 2-meter thick [[diamictite]] is present near the base.<ref name=Lessingetal1992>Lessing, Peter, Dean, S.L., and Kulander, B.R., 1992, Stratigraphy and structure of Meadow Branch synclinorium, West Virginia: Southeastern Geology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 166-174.</ref>

[[File:Norfolk Southern Railway - 9693 diesel locomotive (Horseshoe Curve, Pennsylvania, USA) (26451841423).jpg|thumb|center|upright=1.15|Outcrops of the Rockwell Formation in Pennsylvania ([[Norfolk Southern Railway]], [[Horseshoe Curve]])]]


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Devonian}}
*[[Geology of Pennsylvania]]
*[[Geology of Pennsylvania]]
*[[Huntley Mountain Formation]]
*[[Huntley Mountain Formation]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Chronostratigraphy of Maryland}}
⚫
[[Category:Geologic formations]]

⚫
[[Category:Geology of Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Geology of Maryland]]
[[Category:Devonian System of North America]]
[[Category:Geology of West Virginia]]
[[Category:Mississippian United States]]
[[Category:Shale]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations of the United States]]
[[Category:Sandstone]]
[[Category:Shale formations of the United States]]
[[Category:Devonian Maryland]]
[[Category:Devonian geology of Pennsylvania]]
⚫
[[Category:Devonian Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Devonian West Virginia]]
⚫
[[Category:Geologic formations of Maryland]]
[[Category:Geologic formations of Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Geologic formations of West Virginia]]

Latest revision as of 19:57, 25 May 2024

Rockwell Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Devonian to Early Mississippian
Rockwell Formation at Sideling Hill, I-68 roadcut
TypeSedimentary
Sub-unitsFinzel Tongue,[1] Patton Shale, Riddlesburg Shale[2]
UnderliesPocono Formation and Purselane Sandstone
OverliesHampshire Formation
Thickness500 to 540 feet in WV,[3] 540 to 550 feet at Sideling Hill[4]
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, shale, conglomerate
Location
RegionAppalachian Mountains
ExtentWest Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania
Type section
Named forRockwell Run, West Virginia
Named byStose and Swartz, 1912[3]

The Rockwell Formation is a late Devonian and early Mississippian mapped bedrock unit in West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, in the United States.

Description

[edit]

The Rockwell Formation was described at its type section at Rockwell Run in West Virginia as soft arkosic sandstone, fine hard conglomerate, and buff hackly shale.[3]

The formation was originally described in West Virginia by Stose and Swartz (1912).[3] It was first described in Maryland by H. E. Vokes (1957),[4] and later described in central Pennsylvania by C. R. Wood (1980).[5]

Stratigraphy

[edit]

The Rockwell is generally considered a Formation. At Formation rank, it has several members, including the Patton and Riddlesburg Shale Members,[2] and the Finzel Tongue.[1]

It has been reduced in rank to a member of the Price Formation in West Virginia.[2]

The Rockwell is a lateral equivalent of the Huntley Mountain Formation and the Spechty Kopf Formation, as all three underlie the prominent Pocono Formation and its lateral equivalent, the Burgoon Sandstone.

Lessing, Dean, and Kulander (1992) mapped the Meadow Branch synclinorium in Berkeley County, West Virginia, and noted that the Rockwell is approximately 200 meters thick here and that a 2-meter thick diamictite is present near the base.[6]

Outcrops of the Rockwell Formation in Pennsylvania (Norfolk Southern Railway, Horseshoe Curve)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Dennison, J.M., Beuthin, J.D., and Hasson, K.O., 1986, Latest Devonian-earliest Carboniferous marine transgressions central and southern Appalachians, USA, IN Bless, M.J., and Streel, M., eds., Late Devonian events around the Old Red Continent; field conference in Aachen (FRG), with excursions in the Ardenne (Belgium), the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge (FRG) and in Moravia (USSR): Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique, Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany, April 6–14, 1986, v. 109, no. 1, p. 123-129.
  2. ^ a b c Kammer, T.W., and Bjerstedt, T.W., 1986, Stratigraphic framework of the Price Formation (Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian) in West Virginia: Southeastern Geology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 13-33.
  3. ^ a b c d Stose, G.W., and Swartz, C.K., 1912, Description of the Pawpaw and Hancock quadrangles (Maryland-West Virginia-Pennsylvania): U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Atlas of the United States, Pawpaw-Hancock folio, no. 179, p. 24.
  4. ^ a b Vokes, H.E., 1957, Geography and geology of Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey Bulletin, no. 19, p. 243.
  5. ^ Wood, C.R., 1980, Summary groundwater resources of Centre County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Water Resource Report, 4th series, no. 48, p. 60.
  6. ^ Lessing, Peter, Dean, S.L., and Kulander, B.R., 1992, Stratigraphy and structure of Meadow Branch synclinorium, West Virginia: Southeastern Geology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 166-174.
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