Vivian O'Brien: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|American applied mathematician and physicist}} |
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'''Vivian''' "'''Vob'''" '''O'Brien''' (1924{{r|dop}} – December 24, 2010) was an American applied mathematician and physicist whose research included [[fluid dynamics]] and [[visual perception]]. She worked for many years as a researcher at [[Johns Hopkins University]], and is the namesake of the [[Cornsweet illusion|Craik–O'Brien–Cornsweet illusion]].{{r|sun}} |
'''Vivian''' "'''Vob'''" '''O'Brien''' (1924{{r|dop}} – December 24, 2010) was an American applied mathematician and physicist whose research included [[fluid dynamics]] and [[visual perception]]. She worked for many years as a researcher at [[Johns Hopkins University]], and is the namesake of the [[Cornsweet illusion|Craik–O'Brien–Cornsweet illusion]].{{r|sun}} |
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O'Brien was originally from [[Baltimore]], and was educated at [[Eastern High School (Baltimore)]] and then [[Goucher College]], where she earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1945. Because of [[World War II]], technical jobs were open to women at the time, and she began working in aerodynamics as a [[Computer (job description)|computer]] for the [[Glenn L. Martin Company]]. She became a research assistant in aerodynamics at Johns Hopkins University in 1947, and while doing so earned two master's degrees, in mathematics in 1950 and in engineering aeronautics in 1954.{{r|sun}} |
O'Brien was originally from [[Baltimore]], and was educated at [[Eastern High School (Baltimore)]] and then [[Goucher College]], where she earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1945. Because of [[World War II]], technical jobs were open to women at the time, and she began working in aerodynamics as a [[Computer (job description)|computer]] for the [[Glenn L. Martin Company]]. She became a research assistant in aerodynamics at Johns Hopkins University in 1947, and while doing so earned two master's degrees, in mathematics in 1950 and in engineering aeronautics in 1954.{{r|sun}} |
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In 1955 she became a principal staff physicist at the Eisenhower Research Center of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, a position she kept for over 30 years until her retirement in 1986. She completed a Ph.D. in fluid mechanics in 1960, becoming the first female employee of the Applied Physics Laboratory with a doctorate.{{r|sun}} |
In 1955 she became a principal staff physicist at the Eisenhower Research Center of the [[Applied Physics Laboratory|Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory]], a position she kept for over 30 years until her retirement in 1986. She completed a Ph.D. in fluid mechanics in 1960, becoming the first female employee of the Applied Physics Laboratory with a doctorate.{{r|sun}} |
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==Research== |
==Research== |
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<ref name=dop>{{citation|contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zvlrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA175|pages=175–176|contribution=Craik–O'Brien effect|title=A Dictionary of Psychology|first=Andrew M.|last=Colman|edition=4th|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780191057847}}</ref> |
<ref name=dop>{{citation|contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zvlrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA175|pages=175–176|contribution=Craik–O'Brien effect|title=A Dictionary of Psychology|first=Andrew M.|last=Colman|edition=4th|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780191057847}}</ref> |
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<ref name=dpd>{{citation|url=https://aps.org/units/dfd/fellowship/index.cfm?year=1976|title=APS Fellows Nominated by DFD: 1976|publisher=APS Division of Fluid Dynamics| |
<ref name=dpd>{{citation|url=https://aps.org/units/dfd/fellowship/index.cfm?year=1976|title=APS Fellows Nominated by DFD: 1976|publisher=APS Division of Fluid Dynamics|access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref> |
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<ref name=sun>{{citation|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/bs-xpm-2011-01-08-bs-md-ob-iphone-vivian-obrien-20110107-story.html|newspaper=Baltimore Sun|first=Frederick N.|last=Rasmussen|date=January 8, 2011|title=Dr. Vivian "Vob" O'Brien, researcher at Hopkins lab, dies}}</ref> |
<ref name=sun>{{citation|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/bs-xpm-2011-01-08-bs-md-ob-iphone-vivian-obrien-20110107-story.html|newspaper=Baltimore Sun|first=Frederick N.|last=Rasmussen|date=January 8, 2011|title=Dr. Vivian "Vob" O'Brien, researcher at Hopkins lab, dies}}</ref> |
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[[Category:1924 births]] |
[[Category:1924 births]] |
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[[Category:2010 deaths]] |
[[Category:2010 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Scientists from Baltimore]] |
[[Category:Scientists from Baltimore]] |
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[[Category:20th-century American mathematicians]] |
[[Category:20th-century American mathematicians]] |
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[[Category:American physicists]] |
[[Category:American physicists]] |
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[[Category:American women physicists]] |
[[Category:American women physicists]] |
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[[Category:Goucher College alumni]] |
[[Category:Goucher College alumni]] |
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[[Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni]] |
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni]] |
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[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]] |
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[[Category:21st-century American women]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:35, 7 June 2024
Vivian "Vob" O'Brien (1924[1] – December 24, 2010) was an American applied mathematician and physicist whose research included fluid dynamics and visual perception. She worked for many years as a researcher at Johns Hopkins University, and is the namesake of the Craik–O'Brien–Cornsweet illusion.[2]
Education and career
[edit]O'Brien was originally from Baltimore, and was educated at Eastern High School (Baltimore) and then Goucher College, where she earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1945. Because of World War II, technical jobs were open to women at the time, and she began working in aerodynamics as a computer for the Glenn L. Martin Company. She became a research assistant in aerodynamics at Johns Hopkins University in 1947, and while doing so earned two master's degrees, in mathematics in 1950 and in engineering aeronautics in 1954.[2]
In 1955 she became a principal staff physicist at the Eisenhower Research Center of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, a position she kept for over 30 years until her retirement in 1986. She completed a Ph.D. in fluid mechanics in 1960, becoming the first female employee of the Applied Physics Laboratory with a doctorate.[2]
Research
[edit]O'Brien's research included aerodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, fluid dynamics, the flow of blood through the human eye, and visual perception. She is the namesake of the Craik–O'Brien–Cornsweet illusion in the optical perception of brightness.[1][2]
Recognition
[edit]O'Brien was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 1976, following a nomination by the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Colman, Andrew M. (2015), "Craik–O'Brien effect", A Dictionary of Psychology (4th ed.), Oxford University Press, pp. 175–176, ISBN 9780191057847
- ^ a b c d Rasmussen, Frederick N. (January 8, 2011), "Dr. Vivian "Vob" O'Brien, researcher at Hopkins lab, dies", Baltimore Sun
- ^ APS Fellows Nominated by DFD: 1976, APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, retrieved 2020-06-20
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