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{{Short description|1857–1859 novel by William Makepeace Thackeray}}
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{{Infobox Book | <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] -->
{{about|the Thackeray novel|the barbershop chorus|Virginians (singers)|other uses|The Virginian (disambiguation)|and|Virginian (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
⚫
{{Infobox book | <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] -->
| name = The Virginians
| name = The Virginians
| title_orig =
| title_orig =
| translator =
| translator =
| image = <!--prefer 1st edition-->
| image = The Virginians Thackeray.jpg
| caption = First edition title page
| image_caption =
| author = [[William Makepeace Thackeray]]
| author = [[William Makepeace Thackeray]]
| illustrator = William Makepeace Thackeray
| illustrator = William Makepeace Thackeray
| cover_artist =
| cover_artist =
| country = [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
| country = United Kingdom
| language = [[English language|English]]
| language = English
| series =
| series =
| genre = [[Historical novel]]
| genre = [[Historical novel]]
| publisher = Bradbury and Evans
| publisher = [[Bradbury and Evans]]
| release_date = 1857-59
| release_date = 1857–59
| english_release_date =
| english_release_date =
| media_type = Print (Unbound)
| media_type = Print (Unbound)
| pages = 758 pp
| pages = 758 pp
| isbn = NA
| preceded_by = [[The History of Henry Esmond]]
| preceded_by = [[Henry Esmond]]
| followed_by = [[Pendennis]]
| followed_by = [[Pendennis]]
}}
}}
'''''The Virginians: A Tale of the Last Century''''' ([[1857 in literature|1857]]-[[1859 in literature|9]]) is a [[Historical novel|historical novel]] by [[William Makepeace Thackeray]] which forms a sequel to his ''[[The History of Henry Esmond|Henry Esmond]]'' and is also loosely linked to ''[[Pendennis]]''. It tells the story of Henry Esmond's twin grandsons, George and Henry Warrington. Henry's romantic entanglements with an older woman lead up to his taking a commission in the British army and fighting under the command of [[James Wolfe|General Wolfe]] at the [[Battle of the Plains of Abraham|capture of Quebec]]. On the outbreak of the [[American Revolutionary War|American War of Independence]] he takes the revolutionary side. George, who is also a British officer, thereupon resigns his commission rather than take up arms against his brother.
'''''The Virginians: A Tale of the Last Century''''' ([[1857 in literature|1857]]–[[1859 in literature|59]]) is a [[historical novel]] by [[William Makepeace Thackeray]] which forms a sequel to his ''[[The History of Henry Esmond|Henry Esmond]]'' and is also loosely linked to ''[[Pendennis]]''.


==Plot summary==
⚫
''The Virginians'' was issued by Thackeray's publishers, Bradbury and Evans, in 24 monthly parts, the first one appearing on November 1, 1857. It was illustrated by the author himself. The print-run of 20,000 for the first number proved to be too optimistic, and was progressively reduced to 13,000 for the last seven. Thackeray was originally to have been paid £300 per number, but the disappointing sales resulted in this being reduced to £250.<ref>Peter L. Shillingsburg ''Pegasus in Harness: Victorian Publishing and W.M. Thackeray'' (University Press of Virginia, 1992) pp. 76-7.</ref> Critical reception of the book was on the whole favourable, and the novel has continued to be considered one of the standard works of 19th century fiction, though many critics have held that the novel's virtues do not include tight plotting. [[Anthony Trollope]]'s opinion was typical:
The novel tells the story of Henry Esmond's twin grandsons, [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia]]-born George and Henry Warrington. At the beginning of the novel, the older twin, George, was missing in action and presumed dead, having participated in General [[Edward Braddock]]'s disastrous expedition against [[Fort Duquesne]] (now Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) as part of the [[Seven Years' War]]. Thus, Henry traveled to visit his English relatives as his widowed mother's sole heir. He was presumed rich and thus a desirable target for marriageable women and gamblers. As such, he became entangled in an engagement to his older cousin and in debt to gamblers.


The timely arrival of his brother George, who had managed to escape death and imprisonment, saved him. Since he was no longer heir to a rich estate, his fiancée dumped him. George paid Henry's gambling debts. As a second son with no money or prospects, he volunteered in the British army, eventually fighting under the command of [[James Wolfe|General Wolfe]] at the 1759 [[Battle of the Plains of Abraham|capture of Quebec]]. After this, George and his widowed mother decided to help Henry purchase an estate in Virginia. George then married for love -- his wife had no dowry. Thus, with his immediate cash depleted by helping his brother and his mother still in possession of the family estate, he needed to earn a living (including as a tutor). After his father's older brother died, George inherited both his baronetcy and a substantial estate, which enabled him to quit the tutoring position.
⚫
<blockquote>There is not a page of it vacant or dull. But he who takes it up to read as a whole, will find that it is the work of a desultory writer, to whom it is not infrequently difficult to remember the incidents of his own narrative.<ref>Anthony Trollope ''Thackeray'' (New York: Harper, 1901) p. 135.</ref></blockquote>


On the outbreak of the [[American Revolutionary War|American War of Independence]], Henry took the revolutionary side, while George sided with the king, although the brothers remained on good personal terms. Indeed, George decided to deed the Virginia plantation to his brother after their mother died.
⚫
''The Virginians'' was first published in book form in 1858-59 by Bradbury and Evans in two volumes, and almost simultaneously by the Leipzig firm of [[Tauchnitz|Bernhard Tauchnitz]] in four. Notable later reprints include its appearance as volume 15 of ''The Oxford Thackeray'' in 1908 with an introduction by [[George Saintsbury]], and the 1961 [[Everyman's Library]] edition in two volumes.

==Critical reception==
Critical reception of the book was on the whole favourable, and the novel has continued to be considered one of the standard works of 19th century fiction, though many critics have held that the novel's plotting was not of the tightest.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Tillotson |editor1-first=Geoffrey |editor2-last=Hawes |editor2-first=Donald |title=Thackeray: The Critical Heritage |year=1968 |url=https://archive.org/details/williamthackeray00hawe |url-access=limited |location=London |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |publication-date=1968 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/williamthackeray00hawe/page/n308 292], 303 }}</ref> [[Anthony Trollope]]'s opinion was typical:

⚫
<blockquote>There is not a page of it vacant or dull. But he who takes it up to read as a whole, will find that it is the work of a desultory writer, to whom it is not infrequently difficult to remember the incidents of his own narrative.<ref>{{cite book|author=Anthony Trollope|title=Thackeray|location=New York|publisher=Harper|year=1901|page=135}}</ref></blockquote>

Later critics have been less kind. An apocryphal story claims that Thackeray once confessed to [[Douglas William Jerrold]] that ''The Virginians'' was "the worst novel he ever wrote," while Jerrold replied, "No. It's the worst novel anyone ever wrote." In fact, Jerrold died before the first volume of ''The Virginians'' was published. J. A. Sutherland agreed to a degree, calling it Thackeray's worst major novel.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_bdMAgAAQBAJ&q=%22worst+novel%22&pg=PA153|title=Thackeray at Work|first=J. A.|last=Sutherland|date=January 13, 2014|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=9781472506832|via=Google Books}}</ref> John Halperin called it "the worst book ever produced by a great novelist."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGOxCwAAQBAJ&q=%22The+Virginians%22+thackeray+%22worst+book%22&pg=PA49|title=Studies in Fiction and History from Austen to Le Carre|first=John|last=Halperin|date=September 12, 1988|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781349193325|via=Google Books}}</ref> Jack P. Rawlins wrote that "''The Virginians'' is a bad book — dissatisfying in the reading, acknowledged as dull and dried-up by Thackeray."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27nADwAAQBAJ&q=%22The+Virginians%22+thackeray+bad&pg=PA201|title=Thackeray's Novels: A Fiction That Is True|first=Jack P.|last=Rawlins|date=November 27, 2018|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=9780520304215|via=Google Books}}</ref>

==Publication history==
⚫
''The Virginians'' was issued by Thackeray's publishers, Bradbury and Evans, in 24 monthly parts, the first one appearing on November 1, 1857. It was illustrated by the author himself. The print-run of 20,000 for the first number proved to be too optimistic and was progressively reduced to 13,000 for the last seven. Thackeray was originally to have been paid £300 per number, but the disappointing sales resulted in this being reduced to £250.<ref>Peter L. Shillingsburg ''Pegasus in Harness: Victorian Publishing and W.M. Thackeray'' (University Press of Virginia, 1992) pp. 76–7.</ref>

⚫
''The Virginians'' was first published in book form in 1858-59 by Bradbury and Evans in two volumes, and almost simultaneously by the Leipzig firm of [[Tauchnitz|Bernhard Tauchnitz]] in four. Notable later reprints include its appearance as volume 15 of ''The Oxford Thackeray'' in 1908 with an introduction by [[George Saintsbury]], and the 1911 [[Everyman's Library]] edition in two volumes.


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
== External links ==
'''Full-text online editions'''
'''Full-text online editions'''
⚫
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8123 Project Gutenberg]
* [http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/t/thackeray/william_makepeace/virginians/index.html eBooks]
⚫
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/8123 Project Gutenberg]
* [http://www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/thackeray/Virginians.pdf Penn State Electronic Classics]
* [http://www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/thackeray/Virginians.pdf Penn State Electronic Classics]
* [http://www.online-literature.com/thackeray/the-virginians/# The Literature Network]
* [http://www.online-literature.com/thackeray/the-virginians/# The Literature Network]
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EQsnAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Volume 1] and [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bQsnAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Volume 2 at Google Books]
* [https://archive.org/details/virginiansatale00thacgoog Volume 1] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=bQsnAAAAMAAJ Volume 2 at Google Books]
* {{librivox book | title=The Virginians | author=William Makepeace THACKERAY}}


{{William Makepeace Thackeray}}
{{19thC-novel-stub}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Virginians, The}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Virginians, The}}
[[Category:Novels by William Makepeace Thackeray]]
[[Category:Novels by William Makepeace Thackeray]]
[[Category:1857 novels]]
[[Category:Novels set in Virginia]]
[[Category:1857 British novels]]
[[Category:Novels first published in serial form]]
[[Category:Novels first published in serial form]]
[[Category:Historical novels]]
[[Category:Historical novels]]

Latest revision as of 23:01, 15 June 2024

This article is about the Thackeray novel. For the barbershop chorus, see Virginians (singers). For other uses, see The Virginian (disambiguation) and Virginian (disambiguation).

The Virginians
First edition title page
AuthorWilliam Makepeace Thackeray
IllustratorWilliam Makepeace Thackeray
LanguageEnglish
GenreHistorical novel
PublisherBradbury and Evans
Publication date
1857–59
Publication placeUnited Kingdom
Media typePrint (Unbound)
Pages758 pp
Preceded byThe History of Henry Esmond 
Followed byPendennis 

The Virginians: A Tale of the Last Century (1857–59) is a historical novel by William Makepeace Thackeray which forms a sequel to his Henry Esmond and is also loosely linked to Pendennis.

Plot summary

[edit]

The novel tells the story of Henry Esmond's twin grandsons, Virginia-born George and Henry Warrington. At the beginning of the novel, the older twin, George, was missing in action and presumed dead, having participated in General Edward Braddock's disastrous expedition against Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) as part of the Seven Years' War. Thus, Henry traveled to visit his English relatives as his widowed mother's sole heir. He was presumed rich and thus a desirable target for marriageable women and gamblers. As such, he became entangled in an engagement to his older cousin and in debt to gamblers.

The timely arrival of his brother George, who had managed to escape death and imprisonment, saved him. Since he was no longer heir to a rich estate, his fiancée dumped him. George paid Henry's gambling debts. As a second son with no money or prospects, he volunteered in the British army, eventually fighting under the command of General Wolfe at the 1759 capture of Quebec. After this, George and his widowed mother decided to help Henry purchase an estate in Virginia. George then married for love -- his wife had no dowry. Thus, with his immediate cash depleted by helping his brother and his mother still in possession of the family estate, he needed to earn a living (including as a tutor). After his father's older brother died, George inherited both his baronetcy and a substantial estate, which enabled him to quit the tutoring position.

On the outbreak of the American War of Independence, Henry took the revolutionary side, while George sided with the king, although the brothers remained on good personal terms. Indeed, George decided to deed the Virginia plantation to his brother after their mother died.

Critical reception

[edit]

Critical reception of the book was on the whole favourable, and the novel has continued to be considered one of the standard works of 19th century fiction, though many critics have held that the novel's plotting was not of the tightest.[1] Anthony Trollope's opinion was typical:

There is not a page of it vacant or dull. But he who takes it up to read as a whole, will find that it is the work of a desultory writer, to whom it is not infrequently difficult to remember the incidents of his own narrative.[2]

Later critics have been less kind. An apocryphal story claims that Thackeray once confessed to Douglas William Jerrold that The Virginians was "the worst novel he ever wrote," while Jerrold replied, "No. It's the worst novel anyone ever wrote." In fact, Jerrold died before the first volume of The Virginians was published. J. A. Sutherland agreed to a degree, calling it Thackeray's worst major novel.[3] John Halperin called it "the worst book ever produced by a great novelist."[4] Jack P. Rawlins wrote that "The Virginians is a bad book — dissatisfying in the reading, acknowledged as dull and dried-up by Thackeray."[5]

Publication history

[edit]

The Virginians was issued by Thackeray's publishers, Bradbury and Evans, in 24 monthly parts, the first one appearing on November 1, 1857. It was illustrated by the author himself. The print-run of 20,000 for the first number proved to be too optimistic and was progressively reduced to 13,000 for the last seven. Thackeray was originally to have been paid £300 per number, but the disappointing sales resulted in this being reduced to £250.[6]

The Virginians was first published in book form in 1858-59 by Bradbury and Evans in two volumes, and almost simultaneously by the Leipzig firm of Bernhard Tauchnitz in four. Notable later reprints include its appearance as volume 15 of The Oxford Thackeray in 1908 with an introduction by George Saintsbury, and the 1911 Everyman's Library edition in two volumes.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Tillotson, Geoffrey; Hawes, Donald, eds. (1968). Thackeray: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 292, 303.
  2. ^ Anthony Trollope (1901). Thackeray. New York: Harper. p. 135.
  3. ^ Sutherland, J. A. (13 January 2014). Thackeray at Work. A&C Black. ISBN 9781472506832 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ Halperin, John (12 September 1988). Studies in Fiction and History from Austen to Le Carre. Springer. ISBN 9781349193325 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ Rawlins, Jack P. (27 November 2018). Thackeray's Novels: A Fiction That Is True. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520304215 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ Peter L. Shillingsburg Pegasus in Harness: Victorian Publishing and W.M. Thackeray (University Press of Virginia, 1992) pp. 76–7.
[edit]

Full-text online editions

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