Robert Kajuga (Interahamwe): Difference between revisions

Robert Kajuga
Robert Kajuga
Born	Jerry Robert Kajuga; 1960; Kibungo, Ruanda-Urundi
Died	before March 2007; Kinshasa, DRC
Nationality	Rwandan
Allegiance	Rwanda
Conviction(s)	Crimes against humanity
Criminal penalty	Life imprisonment
Date apprehended	1996[citation needed]
Imprisoned at	Butare

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Jerry Robert Kajuga (1960^[1] – before March 2007) was national president of the Interahamwe,^[2] the group largely responsible for perpetrating the Rwandan genocide against the Tutsi people in 1994. Born to a Tutsi father and a Hutu mother, Kajuga concealed his background and presented himself as being of pure Hutu descent. This is notable as Hutu Power extremist groups considered Hutus who married Tutsis to be race traitors,^[3] and Kajuga went to great lengths to conceal his identity.

Biography

Kajuga was born in Kibungo^[4] to a mixed-tribal family: his mother was Hutu and his father was Tutsi but had acquired false Hutu identity papers.^[5]^[6] He was a young brother of Huss Mugwaneza Kajuga, nicknamed "millionaire of Rukara," the boss of SORIMEX-Rwanda, a company that manufactured tooth pastes and palmolive soap. To avoid any kind of suspicion about their family being Tutsi, Robert Kajuga kept his brother hidden at the Hôtel des Mille Collines in Kigali. According to Paul Rusesabagina, who managed the hotel, Kajuga was one of the many infiltrators within the Interahamwe sent by Tutsi rebel leader Paul Kagame.^[7]

Kajuga defended his participation in the genocide by arguing that Tutsis were responsible for trying to "take power" and stated "[w]e defended ourselves. Even the eleven-year-old children came with grenades. That’s why there are bodies at the roadblocks."^[8]

Kajuga fled Rwanda in July 1994, taking refuge in the nearby Democratic Republic of the Congo for two and a half years, before being arrested by UN Security forces and standing trial in Kigali and being sentenced to life imprisonment. Kajuga later died in prison sometime before March 2007 from an unspecified disease in Kinshasa.^[9]^[10]

References

^ PhD, Alexis Herr (2018). Rwandan Genocide: The Essential Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 98. ISBN 9781440855610.
^ Dallaire, Roméo (2004), Shake hands with the devil : the failure of humanity in Rwanda (1st ed.), Toronto: Vintage Canada, p. 346
^ John A. Berry and Carol Pott Berry (eds.) (1999). Genocide in Rwanda: A Collective Memory (Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press) pp. 113–115.
^ "Le phénomène «INTERAHAMWE». Anastase Gasana et Robert Kajuga ou l'illustration de la duplicité au Rwanda des années 1990-1994. | LeRwandais". 2 May 2019. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
^ Vasagar, Jeevan (16 February 2005). "The hotel that saved hundreds from genocide". The Guardian. London, UK. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
^ ""Leave None to Tell the Story": Genocide in Rwanda". Human Rights Watch. 1999. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. The militia was directed by a national committee that included Jerry Robert Kajuga, president (himself the son of a Tutsi father and Hutu mother),
^ "The Grinding Machine: Terror and Genocide in Rwanda". Toward Freedom. 24 April 2007. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
^ "The Rainy Season". Granta. 24 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
^ Bachmann, Klaus; Fatić, Aleksandar (2015). The UN International Criminal Tribunals: Transition Without Justice?. Routledge. p. 131. ISBN 9781317631361.
^ "23.03.07 – ICTR/WEEKLY SUMMARY – ICTR CLEARS A LAWYER ACCUSED OF BRIBING A WITNESS". www.justiceinfo.net. 23 March 2007. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020. Robert Kajuga died some time after in Kinshasa following his illness.

[1] PhD, Alexis Herr (2018). Rwandan Genocide: The Essential Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 98. ISBN 9781440855610.

[2] Dallaire, Roméo (2004), Shake hands with the devil : the failure of humanity in Rwanda (1st ed.), Toronto: Vintage Canada, p. 346

[John_A_1999_pp._1132-3] John A. Berry and Carol Pott Berry (eds.) (1999). Genocide in Rwanda: A Collective Memory (Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press) pp. 113–115.

[4] "Le phénomène «INTERAHAMWE». Anastase Gasana et Robert Kajuga ou l'illustration de la duplicité au Rwanda des années 1990-1994. | LeRwandais". 2 May 2019. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

[5] Vasagar, Jeevan (16 February 2005). "The hotel that saved hundreds from genocide". The Guardian. London, UK. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2016.

[6] ""Leave None to Tell the Story": Genocide in Rwanda". Human Rights Watch. 1999. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. The militia was directed by a national committee that included Jerry Robert Kajuga, president (himself the son of a Tutsi father and Hutu mother),

[7] "The Grinding Machine: Terror and Genocide in Rwanda". Toward Freedom. 24 April 2007. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.

[8] "The Rainy Season". Granta. 24 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.

[9] Bachmann, Klaus; Fatić, Aleksandar (2015). The UN International Criminal Tribunals: Transition Without Justice?. Routledge. p. 131. ISBN 9781317631361.

[10] "23.03.07 – ICTR/WEEKLY SUMMARY – ICTR CLEARS A LAWYER ACCUSED OF BRIBING A WITNESS". www.justiceinfo.net. 23 March 2007. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020. Robert Kajuga died some time after in Kinshasa following his illness.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Rwandan war criminal (1960–before 2007)}}
-{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2022}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
 {{Infobox criminal
 | birth_name = Jerry Robert Kajuga
 | name = Robert Kajuga
-| image =
+| image = Robert Kajuga (Interahamwe).jpg
 | caption =
 | birth_date = 1960
 | birth_place = [[Kibungo]], [[Ruanda-Urundi]]
 | death_date = before March 2007
-| death_place = [[Kinshasa]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|RDC]]
+| death_place = [[Kinshasa]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DRC]]
 | other_names =
-| conviction = [[Crime against humanity]]
+| conviction = [[Crimes against humanity]]
 | occupation =
 | years_active =
 | party =
 | nationality = Rwandan
+| penalty = [[Life imprisonment]]
-| penalty = [[Life imprisonment]]<ref>{{cite tweet |last=Kambanda |first=Noel |user=NoelKambanda |number=1143787413153751040 |date=26 June 2019 |title=The list is long, but those are the names of main genocide perpetrators and the sentences they received. #Kwibuka25 https://t.co/vRS1rqAijZ |language=en |access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref>
+| apprehended = 1996{{cn|date=September 2022}}
-| apprehended = 1996<ref>{{cite book | url=https://www.morebooks.de/store/es/book/robert-kajuga/isbn/978-613-3-29799-9 | isbn=9786133297999 | title=Robert Kajuga | date=13 October 2010 | publisher=Betascript }}</ref>
 | imprisoned = [[Butare]]
 | allegiance = Rwanda
 }}
-'''Jerry Robert Kajuga''' (1960<ref>{{cite book |last1=PhD |first1=Alexis Herr |title=Rwandan Genocide: The Essential Reference Guide |date=2018 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781440855610 |page=[https://books.google.no/books?id=d4NTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 98] |language=en}}</ref> – before March 2007) was national president of the [[Interahamwe]],<ref>{{Citation|last1=Dallaire|first1=Roméo|title=Shake hands with the devil : the failure of humanity in Rwanda|page=346|year=2004|edition=1st|place=Toronto|publisher=Vintage Canada}}</ref> the group largely responsible for perpetrating the [[Rwandan genocide]] against the [[Tutsi]] people in 1994. Born to a Tutsi father and a [[Hutu]] mother, Kajuga concealed his background and presented himself as being of pure Hutu descent. It was said that  being Tutsi, he nearly collaborated with [[Paul Kagame]] by helping the [[Rwandan Patriotic Front|RPF]] Inkotanyi soldiers to infiltrate his Interahamwe for exterminating many Tutsis. This is notable as [[Hutu Power]] extremist groups considered Hutus who [[Miscegenation|married]] Tutsis to be [[race traitor]]s,<ref name="John A 1999 pp. 1132">John A. Berry and Carol Pott Berry (eds.) (1999). ''Genocide in Rwanda: A Collective Memory'' (Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press) pp. 113–115.</ref> and Kajuga went to great lengths to conceal his identity.
+'''Jerry Robert Kajuga''' (1960<ref>{{cite book |last1=PhD |first1=Alexis Herr |title=Rwandan Genocide: The Essential Reference Guide |date=2018 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781440855610 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=d4NTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 98] |language=en}}</ref> – before March 2007) was national president of the [[Interahamwe]],<ref>{{Citation|last1=Dallaire|first1=Roméo|title=Shake hands with the devil : the failure of humanity in Rwanda|page=346|year=2004|edition=1st|place=Toronto|publisher=Vintage Canada}}</ref> the group largely responsible for perpetrating the [[Rwandan genocide]] against the [[Tutsi]] people in 1994. Born to a Tutsi father and a [[Hutu]] mother, Kajuga concealed his background and presented himself as being of pure Hutu descent. This is notable as [[Hutu Power]] extremist groups considered Hutus who [[Miscegenation|married]] Tutsis to be [[race traitor]]s,<ref name="John A 1999 pp. 1132">John A. Berry and Carol Pott Berry (eds.) (1999). ''Genocide in Rwanda: A Collective Memory'' (Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press) pp. 113–115.</ref> and Kajuga went to great lengths to conceal his identity.
 == Biography ==
-Kajuga was born in [[Kibungo]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.therwandan.com/fr/le-phenomene-interahamwe-anastase-gasana-et-robert-kajuga-ou-lillustration-de-la-duplicite-au-rwanda-des-annees-1990-1994/ | title=Le phénomène «INTERAHAMWE». Anastase Gasana et Robert Kajuga ou l'illustration de la duplicité au Rwanda des années 1990-1994. &#124; LeRwandais }}</ref> to a mixed-tribal family: his mother was [[Hutu]] and his father was Tutsi but had acquired false Hutu identity papers.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vasagar|first=Jeevan|date=16 February 2005|title=The hotel that saved hundreds from genocide|work=The Guardian|location=London, UK|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/16/rwanda.film}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|year=1999|title="Leave None to Tell the Story": Genocide in Rwanda|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno4-7-03.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=[[Human Rights Watch]]|quote=The militia was directed by a national committee that included Jerry Robert Kajuga, president (himself the son of a Tutsi father and Hutu mother),}}</ref> He was  a young brother of  Huss Mugwaneza Kajuga, nicknamed  "millionaire of Rukara," the boss of SORIMEX-Rwanda, a company that manufactured tooth pastes and palmolive soap. To avoid any kind of suspicion about their family being Tutsi, Robert Kajuga kept his brother hidden at the [[Hôtel des Mille Collines]] in [[Kigali]]. According to [[Paul Rusesabagina]], who managed the hotel, Kajuga was one of the many infiltrators within the Interahamwe sent by Tutsi rebel leader [[Paul Kagame]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-04-24|title=The Grinding Machine: Terror and Genocide in Rwanda|url=https://towardfreedom.org/story/archives/africa-archives/the-grinding-machine-terror-and-genocide-in-rwanda/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=Toward Freedom|language=en-US}}</ref>
+Kajuga was born in [[Kibungo]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.therwandan.com/fr/le-phenomene-interahamwe-anastase-gasana-et-robert-kajuga-ou-lillustration-de-la-duplicite-au-rwanda-des-annees-1990-1994/ | title=Le phénomène «INTERAHAMWE». Anastase Gasana et Robert Kajuga ou l'illustration de la duplicité au Rwanda des années 1990-1994. &#124; LeRwandais | date=2 May 2019 | access-date=15 July 2020 | archive-date=15 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715160050/http://www.therwandan.com/fr/le-phenomene-interahamwe-anastase-gasana-et-robert-kajuga-ou-lillustration-de-la-duplicite-au-rwanda-des-annees-1990-1994/ | url-status=live }}</ref> to a mixed-tribal family: his mother was [[Hutu]] and his father was Tutsi but had acquired false Hutu identity papers.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vasagar|first=Jeevan|date=16 February 2005|title=The hotel that saved hundreds from genocide|work=The Guardian|location=London, UK|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/16/rwanda.film|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-date=10 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110224426/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/16/rwanda.film|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|year=1999|title="Leave None to Tell the Story": Genocide in Rwanda|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno4-7-03.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110224426/https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno4-7-03.htm|archive-date=10 January 2023|access-date=|website=[[Human Rights Watch]]|quote=The militia was directed by a national committee that included Jerry Robert Kajuga, president (himself the son of a Tutsi father and Hutu mother),|url-status=live}}</ref> He was  a young brother of  Huss Mugwaneza Kajuga, nicknamed  "millionaire of Rukara," the boss of SORIMEX-Rwanda, a company that manufactured tooth pastes and palmolive soap. To avoid any kind of suspicion about their family being Tutsi, Robert Kajuga kept his brother hidden at the [[Hôtel des Mille Collines]] in [[Kigali]]. According to [[Paul Rusesabagina]], who managed the hotel, Kajuga was one of the many infiltrators within the Interahamwe sent by Tutsi rebel leader [[Paul Kagame]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-04-24|title=The Grinding Machine: Terror and Genocide in Rwanda|url=https://towardfreedom.org/story/archives/africa-archives/the-grinding-machine-terror-and-genocide-in-rwanda/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=Toward Freedom|language=en-US|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411043739/https://towardfreedom.org/story/archives/africa-archives/the-grinding-machine-terror-and-genocide-in-rwanda/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Kajuga defended his participation in the genocide by arguing that Tutsis were responsible for trying to "[[Rwandan Civil War|take power]]" and stated "[w]e defended ourselves. Even the eleven-year-old children came with grenades. That’s why there are bodies at the roadblocks."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-10-24|title=The Rainy Season|url=https://granta.com/the-rainy-season/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=Granta|language=en-US}}</ref>
+Kajuga defended his participation in the genocide by arguing that Tutsis were responsible for trying to "[[Rwandan Civil War|take power]]" and stated "[w]e defended ourselves. Even the eleven-year-old children came with grenades. That’s why there are bodies at the roadblocks."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-10-24|title=The Rainy Season|url=https://granta.com/the-rainy-season/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=Granta|language=en-US|archive-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302071756/https://granta.com/the-rainy-season/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Kajuga fled Rwanda in July 1994, taking refuge in the nearby [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] for two and a half years, before being arrested by UN Security forces and standing trial in Kigali and being sentenced to life imprisonment. Kajuga later died in prison sometime before March 2007 from an unspecified disease in [[Kinshasa]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bachmann|first1=Klaus|last2=Fatić|first2=Aleksandar|title=The UN International Criminal Tribunals: Transition Without Justice?|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317631361|page=[https://books.google.no/books?id=ewKUBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131 131]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/hirondelle-news/18604-en-en-230307-ictrweekly-summary-ictr-clears-a-lawyer-accused-of-bribing-a-witness93709370.html|title=23.03.07 – ICTR/WEEKLY SUMMARY – ICTR CLEARS A LAWYER ACCUSED OF BRIBING A WITNESS|last=|first=|date=23 March 2007|website=www.justiceinfo.net|language=en-gb|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=12 January 2020|quote=Robert Kajuga died some time after in Kinshasa following his illness.}}</ref>
+Kajuga fled Rwanda in July 1994, taking refuge in the nearby [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] for two and a half years, before being arrested by UN Security forces and standing trial in Kigali and being sentenced to life imprisonment. Kajuga later died in prison sometime before March 2007 from an unspecified disease in [[Kinshasa]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bachmann|first1=Klaus|last2=Fatić|first2=Aleksandar|title=The UN International Criminal Tribunals: Transition Without Justice?|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317631361|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ewKUBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131 131]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/hirondelle-news/18604-en-en-230307-ictrweekly-summary-ictr-clears-a-lawyer-accused-of-bribing-a-witness93709370.html|title=23.03.07 – ICTR/WEEKLY SUMMARY – ICTR CLEARS A LAWYER ACCUSED OF BRIBING A WITNESS|last=|first=|date=23 March 2007|website=www.justiceinfo.net|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112095142/https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/hirondelle-news/18604-en-en-230307-ictrweekly-summary-ictr-clears-a-lawyer-accused-of-bribing-a-witness93709370.html|archive-date=12 January 2020|access-date=12 January 2020|quote=Robert Kajuga died some time after in Kinshasa following his illness.|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 [[Category:Year of death missing]]
 [[Category:Tutsi people]]
-[[Category:People of the Rwandan genocide]]
-[[Category:Genocide perpetrators]]
 [[Category:Rwandan people convicted of war crimes]]
 [[Category:Rwandan prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment]]
@@ Line 45: / Line 43: @@
+[[Category:Rwandan genocide perpetrators]]
-{{Crime-bio-stub}}
+[[Category:Rwandan people who died in prison custody]]
+[[Category:Prisoners who died in Rwandan detention]]