Zinc acetate: Difference between revisions
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| ImageName1 = Zinc acetate crystals |
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| IUPACName = Zinc acetate |
| IUPACName = Zinc acetate |
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| OtherNames = Acetic acid, Zinc salt<br />Acetic acid, Zinc(II) salt<br />Dicarbomethoxyzinc<br />Zinc diacetate |
| OtherNames = Acetic acid, Zinc salt<br />Acetic acid, Zinc(II) salt<br />Dicarbomethoxyzinc<br />Zinc diacetate |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS09}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = Danger |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302|318|319|410|411}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|264|270|273|280|301+312|305+351+338|310|330|337+313|391|501}} |
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'''Zinc acetate''' is a [[Salt (chemistry)|salt]] with the [[chemical formula|formula]] Zn(CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, which commonly occurs as the [[Hydrate|dihydrate]] Zn(CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O. Both the hydrate and the [[anhydrous]] forms are colorless solids that |
'''Zinc acetate''' is a [[Salt (chemistry)|salt]] with the [[chemical formula|formula]] Zn(CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, which commonly occurs as the [[Hydrate|dihydrate]] Zn(CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O. Both the hydrate and the [[anhydrous]] forms are colorless solids that are used as dietary supplements. When used as a [[food additive]], it has the [[E number]] E650. |
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==Uses== |
==Uses== |
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Zinc acetate |
Zinc acetate is a component of some medicines, e.g., [[Zinc and the common cold|lozenges for treating the common cold]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Zinc – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals |url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional|publisher=Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health |date=February 11, 2016|access-date=November 15, 2018}}</ref> Zinc acetate can also be used as a dietary supplement.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.3945/jn.113.181487| pmid = 24259556| pmc = 3901420| title = Zinc Absorption by Young Adults from Supplemental Zinc Citrate is Comparable with That from Zinc Gluconate and Higher than from Zinc Oxide| journal = The Journal of Nutrition| volume = 144| issue = 2| pages = 132–136| year = 2014| last1 = Wegmüller| first1 = Rita| last2 = Tay| first2 = Fabian| last3 = Zeder| first3 = Christophe| last4 = Brnić| first4 = Marica| last5 = Hurrell| first5 = Richard F.}}</ref> As an oral daily supplement it is used to inhibit the body's absorption of copper as part of the treatment for [[Wilson's disease]].<ref>{{cite web | access-date= November 15, 2018 | title = Wilson Disease | url = https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/wilson-disease/Pages/facts.aspx | website=NIDDK | date=July 2014 |url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161004223012/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/wilson-disease/Pages/facts.aspx | archive-date=2016-10-04}}</ref> Zinc acetate is also sold as an astringent in the form of an ointment, a topical lotion, or combined with an antibiotic such as [[erythromycin]] for the topical treatment of acne.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 2138176| year = 1990| last1 = Schachner| first1 = L.| title = Topical erythromycin and zinc therapy for acne| journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology| volume = 22| issue = 2 Pt 1| pages = 253–60| last2 = Eaglstein| first2 = W.| last3 = Kittles| first3 = C.| last4 = Mertz| first4 = P.| doi = 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70034-f| doi-access = free}}</ref> It is commonly sold as a topical anti-itch ointment. |
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Zinc acetate is used as the catalyst for the industrial production of [[vinyl acetate]] from [[acetylene]]: |
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==Basic properties and structures== |
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{{chem2|1=CH3CO2H + C2H2 -> CH3CO2CH=CH2}}. Approximately 1/3 of the worlds production uses this route, which because of its environmental impact, is mainly practiced in countries with relaxed environmental regulations such as China.<ref>{{Ullmann|doi=10.1002/14356007.a27_419.pub2|title=Vinyl Esters |year=2019 |last1=Bienewald |first1=Frank |last2=Leibold |first2=Edgar |last3=Tužina |first3=Pavel |last4=Roscher |first4=Günter |pages=1–16 |isbn=978-3-527-30385-4 }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In anhydrous zinc acetate the zinc is coordinated to four oxygen atoms to give a tetrahedral environment, these tetrahedral polyhedra are then interconnected by acetate ligands to give a range of polymeric structures.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Clegg|first1=W.|last2=Little|first2=I. R.|last3=Straughan|first3=B. P.|title=Monoclinic anhydrous zinc(II) acetate|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C|date=15 December 1986|volume=42|issue=12|pages=1701–1703|doi=10.1107/S010827018609087X|doi-access= |
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==Preparation== |
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| ⚫ | In |
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Zinc acetates are prepared by the action of [[acetic acid]] on [[zinc carbonate]] or [[zinc]] metal. Treatment of [[zinc nitrate]] with [[acetic anhydride]] is an alternative route.<ref>{{cite book|author1=O. F. Wagenknecht|author2=R. Juza|chapter=Zinc Acetate|title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. |editor=G. Brauer|publisher=Academic Press|year=1963|place=NY, NY|volume=2pages=1087}}</ref> |
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==Structures== |
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===Basic zinc acetate=== |
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| ⚫ | In anhydrous zinc acetate the zinc is coordinated to four oxygen atoms to give a tetrahedral environment, these tetrahedral polyhedra are then interconnected by acetate ligands to give a range of polymeric structures.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Clegg|first1=W.|last2=Little|first2=I. R.|last3=Straughan|first3=B. P.|title=Monoclinic anhydrous zinc(II) acetate|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C|date=15 December 1986|volume=42|issue=12|pages=1701–1703|doi=10.1107/S010827018609087X|doi-access=|bibcode=1986AcCrC..42.1701C }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=He|first1=Hongshan|title=A new monoclinic polymorph of anhydrous zinc acetate|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section E|date=15 November 2006|volume=62|issue=12|pages=m3291–m3292|doi=10.1107/S1600536806046678}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Capilla, A. V. |author2=Aranda, R. A. | title = Anhydrous Zinc(II) Acetate (CH<sub>3</sub>-COO)<sub>2</sub>Zn | journal = Crystal Structure Communications | year = 1979 | volume = 8 | pages = 795–797}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Heating Zn(CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> in a vacuum results in a loss of [[acetic anhydride]], leaving a residue of basic zinc acetate, with the formula Zn<sub>4</sub>O(CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>. |
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| ⚫ | In the dihydrate, zinc is octahedral, wherein both acetate groups are bidentate.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=van Niekerk|first1=J. N.|last2=Schoening|first2=F. R. L.|last3=Talbot|first3=J. H.|title=The crystal structure of zinc acetate dihydrate, Zn(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O|journal=Acta Crystallographica|date=10 September 1953|volume=6|issue=8|pages=720–723|doi=10.1107/S0365110X53002015|doi-access=free|bibcode=1953AcCry...6..720V }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ishioka|first1=T.|last2=Murata|first2=A.|last3=Kitagawa|first3=Y.|last4=Nakamura|first4=K. T.|title=Zinc(II) Acetate Dihydrate|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C|date=15 August 1997|volume=53|issue=8|pages=1029–1031|doi=10.1107/S0108270197004484|bibcode=1997AcCrC..53.1029I }}</ref> |
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==Reactions== |
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| ⚫ | Heating Zn(CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> in a vacuum results in a loss of [[acetic anhydride]], leaving a residue of "basic zinc acetate," with the formula Zn<sub>4</sub>O(CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>. It can also be prepared by a reaction of glacial acetic acid with [[zinc oxide]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Poshkus |first1=Algirdas C. |title=Improved synthesis of basic zinc acetate, hexakis(.mu.-acetato)-.mu.-oxotetrazinc |journal=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development |date=June 1983 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=380–381 |doi=10.1021/i300010a041}}</ref> The [[cluster compound]] has a [[tetrahedron|tetrahedral]] structure with an oxide ligand at its center<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Koyama, H. |author2=Saito, Y. | title = The Crystal Structure of Zinc Oxyacetate, Zn<sub>4</sub>O(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>6</sub> | journal = [[Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.]] | year = 1954 | volume = 27 | pages = 112–114 | doi = 10.1246/bcsj.27.112 | issue = 2| doi-access = free }}</ref> Basic zinc acetate is a common precursor to [[metal-organic framework]]s (MOFs). |
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{{Gallery |mode=packed |align=center |height=200 |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Basic beryllium acetate]] - isostructural |
* [[Basic beryllium acetate]] - isostructural with basic zinc acetate |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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<references /> |
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{{Zinc compounds}} |
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{{Acetates}} |
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[[Category:Zinc compounds|acetate]] |
[[Category:Zinc compounds|acetate]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:04, 27 June 2024
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Zinc acetate
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| Other names
Acetic acid, Zinc salt
Acetic acid, Zinc(II) salt Dicarbomethoxyzinc Zinc diacetate | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.338 |
| EC Number |
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| E number | E650 (flavour enhancer) |
PubChem CID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII |
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| UN number | 3077 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| Zn(CH3COO)2(H2O)2 (dihydrate) | |
| Molar mass | 219.50 g/mol (dihydrate) 183.48 g/mol (anhydrous) |
| Appearance | White solid (all forms) |
| Density | 1.735 g/cm3 (dihydrate) |
| Melting point | Decomposes at 237 °C (459 °F; 510 K) (dihydrate loses water at 100 °C) |
| Boiling point | decomposes |
| 43 g/100 mL (20 °C, dihydrate) | |
| Solubility | 1.5 g/100 mL (methanol) |
| −101.0·10−6 cm3/mol (+2 H2O) | |
| Structure | |
| octahedral (dihydrate) | |
| tetrahedral | |
| Pharmacology | |
| A16AX05 (WHO) | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
  
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| Danger | |
| H302, H318, H319, H410, H411 | |
| P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P310, P330, P337+P313, P391, P501 | |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Zinc chloride |
Other cations
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Copper(II) acetate |
Related compounds
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Basic beryllium acetate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Zinc acetate is a salt with the formula Zn(CH3CO2)2, which commonly occurs as the dihydrate Zn(CH3CO2)2·2H2O. Both the hydrate and the anhydrous forms are colorless solids that are used as dietary supplements. When used as a food additive, it has the E number E650.
Uses
[edit]Zinc acetate is a component of some medicines, e.g., lozenges for treating the common cold.[1] Zinc acetate can also be used as a dietary supplement.[2] As an oral daily supplement it is used to inhibit the body's absorption of copper as part of the treatment for Wilson's disease.[3] Zinc acetate is also sold as an astringent in the form of an ointment, a topical lotion, or combined with an antibiotic such as erythromycin for the topical treatment of acne.[4] It is commonly sold as a topical anti-itch ointment.
Zinc acetate is used as the catalyst for the industrial production of vinyl acetate from acetylene: CH3CO2H + C2H2 → CH3CO2CH=CH2. Approximately 1/3 of the worlds production uses this route, which because of its environmental impact, is mainly practiced in countries with relaxed environmental regulations such as China.[5]
Preparation
[edit]Zinc acetates are prepared by the action of acetic acid on zinc carbonate or zinc metal. Treatment of zinc nitrate with acetic anhydride is an alternative route.[6]
Structures
[edit]In anhydrous zinc acetate the zinc is coordinated to four oxygen atoms to give a tetrahedral environment, these tetrahedral polyhedra are then interconnected by acetate ligands to give a range of polymeric structures.[7][8][9]
In the dihydrate, zinc is octahedral, wherein both acetate groups are bidentate.[10][11]
Reactions
[edit]Heating Zn(CH3CO2)2 in a vacuum results in a loss of acetic anhydride, leaving a residue of "basic zinc acetate," with the formula Zn4O(CH3CO2)6. It can also be prepared by a reaction of glacial acetic acid with zinc oxide.[12] The cluster compound has a tetrahedral structure with an oxide ligand at its center[13] Basic zinc acetate is a common precursor to metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
See also
[edit]- Basic beryllium acetate - isostructural with basic zinc acetate
References
[edit]- ^ "Zinc – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals". Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health. February 11, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- ^ Wegmüller, Rita; Tay, Fabian; Zeder, Christophe; Brnić, Marica; Hurrell, Richard F. (2014). "Zinc Absorption by Young Adults from Supplemental Zinc Citrate is Comparable with That from Zinc Gluconate and Higher than from Zinc Oxide". The Journal of Nutrition. 144 (2): 132–136. doi:10.3945/jn.113.181487. PMC 3901420. PMID 24259556.
- ^ "Wilson Disease". NIDDK. July 2014. Archived from the original on 2016-10-04. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- ^ Schachner, L.; Eaglstein, W.; Kittles, C.; Mertz, P. (1990). "Topical erythromycin and zinc therapy for acne". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 22 (2 Pt 1): 253–60. doi:10.1016/0190-9622(90)70034-f. PMID 2138176.
- ^ Bienewald, Frank; Leibold, Edgar; Tužina, Pavel; Roscher, Günter (2019). "Vinyl Esters". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 1–16. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_419.pub2. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.
- ^ O. F. Wagenknecht; R. Juza (1963). "Zinc Acetate". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2pages=1087. NY, NY: Academic Press.
- ^ Clegg, W.; Little, I. R.; Straughan, B. P. (15 December 1986). "Monoclinic anhydrous zinc(II) acetate". Acta Crystallographica Section C. 42 (12): 1701–1703. Bibcode:1986AcCrC..42.1701C. doi:10.1107/S010827018609087X.
- ^ He, Hongshan (15 November 2006). "A new monoclinic polymorph of anhydrous zinc acetate". Acta Crystallographica Section E. 62 (12): m3291–m3292. doi:10.1107/S1600536806046678.
- ^ Capilla, A. V.; Aranda, R. A. (1979). "Anhydrous Zinc(II) Acetate (CH3-COO)2Zn". Crystal Structure Communications. 8: 795–797.
- ^ van Niekerk, J. N.; Schoening, F. R. L.; Talbot, J. H. (10 September 1953). "The crystal structure of zinc acetate dihydrate, Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O". Acta Crystallographica. 6 (8): 720–723. Bibcode:1953AcCry...6..720V. doi:10.1107/S0365110X53002015.
- ^ Ishioka, T.; Murata, A.; Kitagawa, Y.; Nakamura, K. T. (15 August 1997). "Zinc(II) Acetate Dihydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section C. 53 (8): 1029–1031. Bibcode:1997AcCrC..53.1029I. doi:10.1107/S0108270197004484.
- ^ Poshkus, Algirdas C. (June 1983). "Improved synthesis of basic zinc acetate, hexakis(.mu.-acetato)-.mu.-oxotetrazinc". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development. 22 (2): 380–381. doi:10.1021/i300010a041.
- ^ Koyama, H.; Saito, Y. (1954). "The Crystal Structure of Zinc Oxyacetate, Zn4O(CH3COO)6". Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 27 (2): 112–114. doi:10.1246/bcsj.27.112.