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{{short description|Opera by Gaetano Donizetti}}
{{Donizetti operas}}'''''Dom Sébastien, Roi de Portugal''''' (''Don Sebastian, King of Portugal'') is a [[French language|French]] [[grand opera]] in five acts by [[Gaetano Donizetti]]. The [[libretto]] was written by [[Eugène Scribe]], based on [[Paul Foucher]]'s play ''Don Sébastien de Portugal'' which premiered at the [[Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin]] on 9 November 1838<ref>Foucher's play, 1838.</ref>
It is a historic-fiction about [[Sebastian of Portugal|King Sebastian of Portugal]] (1554-1578) and his ill-fated 1578 expedition to Morocco. The opera premiered on 13 November 1843 at the [[Salle Le Peletier]] of the [[Paris Opéra]]. This was the last opera that Donizetti completed before going insane as a result of syphilis.


{{Infobox opera
At the time, Donizetti was attempting to compose an opera competitive with similar historical operas by [[Daniel Auber]], [[Fromental Halévy]] and [[Giacomo Meyerbeer]]. One critical description of the nature of ''Dom Sébastien'' is "a funeral in five acts".<ref>Donal Henehan, [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D02E0DA1139F937A15750C0A962948260 "Donizetti's ''Dom Sebastien''"], ''The New York Times'', 24 March 1984</ref> By contrast, Winton Dean has described the main characteristic of the opera as "uncompromising dramatic honesty" in his comments on unusual dramatic facets of the work.<ref>Winton Dean 1973, "Donizetti's Serious Operas", ''Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association'', '''100''', 123-141.</ref> Mary Ann Smart has prepared a [[Historical editions (music)#Scholarly or critical editions|critical edition]] of the opera in French, which includes appendices with variants and additions that Donizetti made for a production in German in [[Vienna Hofoper|Vienna]] in 1845.<ref>Mary Ann Smart (Ed.), Critical edition of the opera. Retrieved 27 January 2013</ref>
| name = Dom Sébastien, Roi de Portugal
| type = [[Grand opera]]
| composer = [[Gaetano Donizetti]]
| image = Dom Sebastien 1843 Act3 L'Illustration NGO1p1196.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
| caption = Act 3 in the original production, as the Grand Inquisitor orders the arrest of Dom Sébastien (engraving from ''L'Illustration'')
| librettist = [[Eugène Scribe]]
| language = [[French language|French]]
| based_on = [[Paul Foucher]]'s ''Don Sébastien de Portugal''
| premiere_date = {{Start date|1843|11|09|df=y}}
| premiere_location = [[Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin]], Paris
}}
'''''Dom Sébastien, Roi de Portugal''''' (''Don Sebastian, King of Portugal'') is a French [[grand opera]] in five acts by [[Gaetano Donizetti]]. The [[libretto]] was written by [[Eugène Scribe]], based on [[Paul Foucher]]'s play ''Don Sébastien de Portugal'' which premiered at the [[Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin]] on 9 November 1838<ref>Foucher's play, 1838.</ref> It is a historic-fiction about [[Sebastian of Portugal|King Sebastian of Portugal]] (1554–1578) and his ill-fated 1578 expedition to Morocco. The opera premiered on 13 November 1843 at the [[Salle Le Peletier]] of the [[Paris Opéra]]. This was the last opera that Donizetti completed before going insane as a result of [[syphilis]].

At the time, Donizetti was attempting to compose an opera competitive with similar historical operas by [[Daniel Auber]], [[Fromental Halévy]] and [[Giacomo Meyerbeer]]. One critical description of the nature of ''Dom Sébastien'' is "a funeral in five acts".<ref>[[Donal Henahan]], [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D02E0DA1139F937A15750C0A962948260 "Donizetti's ''Dom Sebastien''"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 24 March 1984</ref> By contrast, [[Winton Dean]] has described the main characteristic of the opera as "uncompromising dramatic honesty" in his comments on unusual dramatic facets of the work.<ref>[[Winton Dean]] 1973, "Donizetti's Serious Operas", ''Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association'', '''100''', 123–141.</ref> [[Mary Ann Smart]] has prepared a [[Historical editions (music)#Scholarly or critical editions|critical edition]] of the opera in French, which includes appendices with variants and additions that Donizetti made for a production in German at the [[Vienna Hofoper]] in 1845.<ref>[[Mary Ann Smart]] (Ed.), Critical edition of the opera. Retrieved 27 January 2013</ref>


== Roles ==
== Roles ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Role<ref>Roles and voice types are as specified in the piano-vocal score from the critical edition, Mary Ann Smart (Ed.) p. VII).</ref>
!Role<ref>Roles and voice types are as specified in the [[piano-vocal score]] from the critical edition, Mary Ann Smart (Ed.) p. VII).</ref>
!Voice type
![[Voice type]]
!Premiere Cast, 13 November 1843<br/>(Conductor: - )
!Premiere cast, 13 November 1843<br/>(Conductor: )
|-
|-
|Dom Sébastien, ''King of Portugal''
|[[Sebastian of Portugal|Dom Sébastien]], ''King of Portugal''
|[[tenor]]
|[[tenor]]
|[[Gilbert Duprez]]
|[[Gilbert Duprez]]
Line 16: Line 30:
|Dom Antonio, ''his Uncle, regent of the kingdom in his absence''
|Dom Antonio, ''his Uncle, regent of the kingdom in his absence''
|tenor
|tenor
|[[Jean-Baptiste Octave]]
|Jean-Baptiste Octave
|-
|-
|Dom Juam de Sylva, ''Grand Inquisitor''
|Dom Juam de Sylva, ''Grand Inquisitor''
|[[bass (vocal range)|bass]]
|[[bass (voice type)|bass]]
|[[Nicolas Levasseur]]
|[[Nicolas Levasseur]]
|-
|-
|Le Camoëns, ''soldier and poet''
|[[Luís de Camões|Le Camoëns]], ''soldier and poet''
|[[baritone]]
|[[baritone]]
|[[Paul Barroilhet]]
|[[Paul Barroilhet]]
Line 32: Line 46:
|Ben-Selim, ''governor of Fez''
|Ben-Selim, ''governor of Fez''
|bass
|bass
|[[Hippolyte Brémont]]
|Hippolyte Brémont
|-
|-
|Abayaldos, ''head of the Arab tribes, fiancé of Zayda''
|Abayaldos, ''head of the Arab tribes, fiancé of Zayda''
Line 46: Line 60:
|
|
|-
|-
|Soldier
|Soldier
|bass
|bass
|
|
Line 67: Line 81:
==Synopsis==
==Synopsis==
:Time: 16th century
:Time: 16th century
:Place: Lisbon and Morocco<ref>Osborne 1994, p. 297</ref>
:Place: Lisbon and Morocco{{sfn|Osborne|1994|p=297}}
[[File:Disegno per copertina di libretto, disegno di Peter Hoffer per Don Sebastiano (s.d.) - Archivio Storico Ricordi ICON012396.jpg|thumb|Disegno per copertina di libretto, drawing for Don Sebastiano (undated).]]


===Act 1===
===Act 1===
''Lisbon''
''Lisbon''


The Christian king, Dom Sébastian, leaves his uncle Dom Antonio to rule Portugal while he goes on a crusade against the Moors of Africa. Sébastian's entourage includes the idealistic poet Camoëns and the Moor princess Zayda, whom he had rescued from being burnt at stake for trying to escape the monastery she had resided in since her conversion to Christianity (''O mon Dieu, sur la terre''). He intends to return her to her father Ben-Selim.
The Christian king, Dom Sébastian, leaves his uncle Dom Antonio to rule Portugal while he goes on a crusade against the Moors of [[Africa]]. Sébastian's entourage includes the idealistic poet [[Camoëns]] and the Moor princess Zayda, whom he had rescued from being burnt at the stake for trying to escape the monastery she had resided in since her conversion to Christianity (''O mon Dieu, sur la terre''). He intends to return her to her father Ben-Selim.


===Act 2===
===Act 2===
Line 81: Line 96:
''A battlefield in Morocco''
''A battlefield in Morocco''


Abayaldos has led the Moors to battle against Sébastian's forces and mostly wiped them out. The wounded Sébastian's life is saved only when his lieutenant Dom Henrique presents himself to Abayaldos as Sébastian, before expiring from his own wounds, and Zayda pleads for "the Christian's" life (the real Sébastian) in return for her consent to marry Abayaldos, reasoning that her life was saved by a Christian during her captivity in Portugal and that the favor must be returned. Sébastian is left on the battlefield a broken man (''Seul sur la terre'').
Abayaldos led the Moors to battle against Sébastian's forces and mostly wiped them out. The wounded Sébastian's life is saved only when his lieutenant Dom Henrique presents himself to Abayaldos as Sébastian, before expiring from his own wounds, and Zayda pleads for "the Christian's" life (the real Sébastian) in return for her consent to marry Abayaldos, reasoning that her life was saved by a Christian during her captivity in Portugal and that the favor must be returned. Sébastian is left on the battlefield a broken man (''Seul sur la terre'').

[[File:Dom Sebastien 1843 Act3 L'Illustration NGO1p1196.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Act 3 in the original production, as the Grand Inquisitor orders the arrest of Dom Sébastien (engraving from ''L'Illustration)]]


===Act 3===
===Act 3===
Line 100: Line 113:
Eager to legitimize his deal with Spain, Antonio offers to spare Sébastian's life if Zayda can convince Sébastian to sign the official instrument selling Portugal to Spain. After first refusing, Sébastian signs. Free but distraught, Zayda runs out to drown herself.
Eager to legitimize his deal with Spain, Antonio offers to spare Sébastian's life if Zayda can convince Sébastian to sign the official instrument selling Portugal to Spain. After first refusing, Sébastian signs. Free but distraught, Zayda runs out to drown herself.


''A tower guarding the entrance to Lisbon Harbor'' (anachronistically the Belém Tower, symbol of Portuguese independence)
''A tower guarding the entrance to Lisbon Harbor'' (anachronistically the Belém Tower, the symbol of Portuguese independence)


Sébastian catches up with Zayda at the top of the tower. They see Camoëns in a boat attempting to rescue them. Sébastian and Zayda climb down a rope to the boat but are discovered halfway down; they plunge to their deaths when the rope is slashed. Camoëns is killed by gunfire and, at curtain, the Spanish fleet emerges on the horizon. Portugal has lost her independence.
Sébastian catches up with Zayda at the top of the tower. They see Camoëns in a boat attempting to rescue them. Sébastian and Zayda climb down a rope to the boat but are discovered halfway down; they plunge to their deaths when the rope is slashed. Camoëns is killed by gunfire and, at the curtain, the Spanish fleet emerges on the horizon. Portugal has lost its independence.


==Recordings==
==Recordings==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Year
!width="170"|Cast <br/>(Zaida, Dom Sébastien,<br/>Camoëns,<br/>Dom Juan de Silva)
!Cast (Zaida,<br />Dom Sébastien,<br/>Camoëns,<br/>Dom Juan de Silva)
!Conductor,<br/>Opera House and Orchestra
!Conductor,<br/>Opera house and orchestra
!Label<ref>Source for recording information: [http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLDODOMS.HTM operadis-opera-discography.org.uk]</ref>
!Label<ref>Source for recording information: [http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLDODOMS.HTM operadis-opera-discography.org.uk]</ref>
|-
|-
|1984
|1984
|Klára Takács,<br/>[[Richard Leech]],<br/>Lajos Miller,<br/>Sergei Koptchak
|Klára Takács,<br/>[[Richard Leech (tenor)|Richard Leech]],<br/>Lajos Miller,<br/>Sergei Koptchak
|[[Eve Queler]],<br/>Opera Orchestra of New York and Schola Cantorum of New York<br/>(Recording of a concert performance in Carnegie Hall, 23 March)
|[[Eve Queler]],<br/>[[Opera Orchestra of New York]] and Schola Cantorum of New York<br/>(Recording of a concert performance in [[Carnegie Hall]], 23 March)
|Audio CD: Legato Classics<br/>Cat: LCD 190-2
|CD: Legato Classics<br/>Cat: LCD 190-2
|-
|-
|1998
|1998
|Monica Minarelli,<br/>Robert Woroniecki,<br/>Ettore Kim,<br/>Randall Jakobsh
|Monica Minarelli,<br/>Robert Woroniecki,<br/>Ettore Kim,<br/>Randall Jakobsh
|Elio Boncompagni,<BR/>Sinfonie Orchester Aachen and Aachener Städische Theater Chorus
|Elio Boncompagni,<BR/>Sinfonie Orchester Aachen and [[Theater Aachen|Aachener Städische Theater]] Chorus
|Audio CD: Kicco Classic<br/>Cat: KCO18CD-1/2
|CD: Kicco Classic<br/>Cat: KCO18CD-1/2
|-
|-
|2005
|2005
|[[Vesselina Kasarova]],<br/>[[Giuseppe Filianoti]],<br/>Carmelo Corrado-Caruso,<br/>[[Alastair Miles]]
|[[Vesselina Kasarova]],<br/>[[Giuseppe Filianoti]],<br/>Carmelo Corrado-Caruso,<br/>[[Alastair Miles]]
|[[Mark Elder]],<br/>Orchestra and Chorus of the [[Royal Opera House]],<br/> Concert performance recorded live 10 and 13 September 2005 at ROH Covent Garden<ref>Tim Ashley, [http://arts.guardian.co.uk/filmandmusic/story/0,,2076463,00.html "Donizetti: ''Dom Sébastien'', Kasarova/ Filianoti/ Keenlyside/ Miles/ Royal Opera House Chorus and Orchestra/ Elder"]. ''The Guardian'', (London), 11 May 2007</ref>
|[[Mark Elder]],<br/>Orchestra and Chorus of the [[Royal Opera House]],<br/> Concert performance recorded live 10 and 13 September 2005 at ROH Covent Garden<ref>Tim Ashley, [http://arts.guardian.co.uk/filmandmusic/story/0,,2076463,00.html "Donizetti: ''Dom Sébastien'', Kasarova/ Filianoti/ Keenlyside/ Miles/ Royal Opera House Chorus and Orchestra/ Elder"]. ''The Guardian'', (London), 11 May 2007</ref>
|Audio CD: [[Opera Rara]]<br/>Cat: ORC 33
|Audio CD: [[Opera Rara]]<br/>Cat: ORC 33
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 133: Line 146:
'''Sources'''
'''Sources'''
*Allitt, John Stewart (1991), ''Donizetti: in the light of Romanticism and the teaching of Johann Simon Mayr'', Shaftesbury: Element Books, Ltd (UK); Rockport, MA: Element, Inc.(USA)
*Allitt, John Stewart (1991), ''Donizetti: in the light of Romanticism and the teaching of Johann Simon Mayr'', Shaftesbury: Element Books, Ltd (UK); Rockport, MA: Element, Inc.(USA)
*[[William Ashbrook|Ashbrook, William]] (1982), ''Donizetti and His Operas'', Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23526-X
*[[William Ashbrook|Ashbrook, William]] (1982), ''Donizetti and His Operas'', Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-23526-X}}
*Ashbrook, William (1998), "Donizetti, Gaetano" in [[Stanley Sadie]] (Ed.), ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'', Vol. One. London: MacMillan Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-333-73432-7 ISBN 1-56159-228-5
*[[William Ashbrook|Ashbrook, William]] (1998), "Donizetti, Gaetano" in [[Stanley Sadie]] (Ed.), ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'', Vol. One. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc. {{ISBN|0-333-73432-7}} {{ISBN|1-56159-228-5}}
*Ashbrook, William and Sarah Hibberd (2001), in [[Amanda Holden (writer)|Holden, Amanda]] (Ed.), ''The New Penguin Opera Guide'', New York: Penguin Putnam. ISBN 0-14-029312-4. pp.&nbsp;224 – 247.
*Ashbrook, William and Sarah Hibberd (2001), in [[Amanda Holden (writer)|Holden, Amanda]] (Ed.), ''The New Penguin Opera Guide'', New York: Penguin Putnam. {{ISBN|0-14-029312-4}}. pp.&nbsp;224–247.
*Black, John (1982), ''Donizetti’s Operas in Naples, 1822—1848''. London: The Donizetti Society.
*Black, John (1982), ''Donizetti's Operas in Naples, 1822—1848''. London: The Donizetti Society.
* Donizetti, Gaetano; Smart, Mary Ann, editor. (2005). ''Dom Sébastien, Rei de Portugal. Opéra in five acts by Eugéne Scribe'' (reduction for voice and piano based on the critical edition of the orchestral score). Milan: Ricordi. ISBN 978-88-7592-751-6.
* Donizetti, Gaetano; Smart, Mary Ann, editor. (2005). ''Dom Sébastien, Rei de Portugal. Opéra in five acts by Eugéne Scribe'' (reduction for voice and piano based on the critical edition of the orchestral score). Milan: Ricordi. {{ISBN|978-88-7592-751-6}}.
*Foucher, Paul (1838), [https://books.google.com/books?id=tng_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA643#v=onepage&q&f=false View ''Don Sébastien de Portugal''] Paris: J. N. Barba; Delloye; Bezou.
*Foucher, Paul (1838), [https://books.google.com/books?id=tng_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA643 View ''Don Sébastien de Portugal''] Paris: J. N. Barba; Delloye; Bezou.
*Loewenberg, Alfred (1970). ''Annals of Opera, 1597-1940'', 2nd edition. Rowman and Littlefield
*Loewenberg, Alfred (1970). ''Annals of Opera, 1597–1940'', 2nd edition. Rowman and Littlefield
*[[Charles Osborne (music writer)|Osborne, Charles]], (1994), ''The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini'', Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. ISBN 0-931340-71-3
*{{cite book|last=Osborne|first=Charles|authorlink=Charles Osborne (music writer)|year=1994|title=The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini|location=Portland, Oregon|publisher=Amadeus Press|isbn=0-931340-71-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/belcantooperasof0000osbo}}
*Sadie, Stanley, (Ed.); John Tyrell (Exec. Ed.) (2004), ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]''. 2nd edition. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-19-517067-2 (hardcover). ISBN 0-19-517067-9 {{OCLC|419285866}} (eBook).
*[[Stanley Sadie|Sadie, Stanley]], (Ed.); [[John Tyrrell (musicologist)|John Tyrrell]] (Exec. Ed.) (2004), ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]''. 2nd edition. London: Macmillan. {{ISBN|978-0-19-517067-2}} (hardcover). {{ISBN|0-19-517067-9}} {{OCLC|419285866}} (eBook).
*Smart, Mary Ann (Ed.), Gaetano Donizetti (2004), [http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/D/bo3705190.html "''Dom Sebastien, rei de Portugal'': Opera in Five Acts by Eugène Scribe"], ''The Critical Edition of the Operas of Gaetano Donizetti''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
*Smart, Mary Ann (Ed.), Gaetano Donizetti (2004), [https://web.archive.org/web/20080502205552/http://www.karadar.com/Librettos/donizetti_sebastien.html "''Dom Sebastien, rei de Portugal'': Opera in Five Acts by Eugène Scribe"], ''The Critical Edition of the Operas of Gaetano Donizetti''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
* Weinstock, Herbert (1963), ''Donizetti and the World of Opera in Italy, Paris, and Vienna in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century'', New York: Pantheon Books. {{LCCN|63013703}}
* Weinstock, Herbert (1963), ''Donizetti and the World of Opera in Italy, Paris, and Vienna in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century'', New York: Pantheon Books. {{LCCN|63013703}}

==External links==
==External links==
* {{IMSLP|work=Dom Sébastien (Donizetti, Gaetano)|cname=''Dom Sébastien''}}
* [http://www.donizettisociety.com/index.html Donizetti Society (London) website]
* [http://www.donizettisociety.com/index.html Donizetti Society (London) website]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502205552/http://www.karadar.com/Librettos/donizetti_sebastien.html |date=May 2, 2008 |title=French Libretto }}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502205552/http://www.karadar.com/Librettos/donizetti_sebastien.html |date=May 2, 2008 |title=French Libretto }}
* {{Operabase|work=Dom Sébastien}}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502205547/http://www.karadar.com/Librettos/donizetti_sebastiano.html |date=May 2, 2008 |title=Italian Libretto }}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502205547/http://www.karadar.com/Librettos/donizetti_sebastiano.html |date=May 2, 2008 |title=Italian Libretto }}
* Parker, Roger, [http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&EventId=568 "Donizetti and Paris"], lecture on ''Dom Sébastien'' at [[Gresham College]], 16 April 2007 (available for download as video or audio files)
* Parker, Roger, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928040126/http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&EventId=568 "Donizetti and Paris"], lecture on ''Dom Sébastien'' at [[Gresham College]], 16 April 2007 (available for download as video or audio files)


{{Gaetano Donizetti|state=collapsed}}
{{Gaetano Donizetti|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dom Sebastien}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dom Sebastien}}
[[Category:Grand operas]]
[[Category:Grand operas]]
[[Category:Italian-language operas]]
[[Category:French-language operas]]
[[Category:Operas by Gaetano Donizetti]]
[[Category:Operas by Gaetano Donizetti]]
[[Category:Libretti by Eugène Scribe]]
[[Category:Libretti by Eugène Scribe]]
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[[Category:1843 operas]]
[[Category:1843 operas]]
[[Category:Opera world premieres at the Paris Opera]]
[[Category:Opera world premieres at the Paris Opera]]
[[Category:Operas set in Iberia]]
[[Category:Operas set in Portugal]]
[[Category:Operas set in Africa]]
[[Category:Operas set in Africa]]
[[Category:Operas based on plays]]
[[Category:Operas based on plays]]

Latest revision as of 19:17, 16 August 2024

Dom Sébastien, Roi de Portugal
Grand opera by Gaetano Donizetti
Act 3 in the original production, as the Grand Inquisitor orders the arrest of Dom Sébastien (engraving from L'Illustration)
LibrettistEugène Scribe
LanguageFrench
Based onPaul Foucher's Don Sébastien de Portugal
Premiere
9 November 1843 (1843-11-09)

Dom Sébastien, Roi de Portugal (Don Sebastian, King of Portugal) is a French grand opera in five acts by Gaetano Donizetti. The libretto was written by Eugène Scribe, based on Paul Foucher's play Don Sébastien de Portugal which premiered at the Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin on 9 November 1838[1] It is a historic-fiction about King Sebastian of Portugal (1554–1578) and his ill-fated 1578 expedition to Morocco. The opera premiered on 13 November 1843 at the Salle Le Peletier of the Paris Opéra. This was the last opera that Donizetti completed before going insane as a result of syphilis.

At the time, Donizetti was attempting to compose an opera competitive with similar historical operas by Daniel Auber, Fromental Halévy and Giacomo Meyerbeer. One critical description of the nature of Dom Sébastien is "a funeral in five acts".[2] By contrast, Winton Dean has described the main characteristic of the opera as "uncompromising dramatic honesty" in his comments on unusual dramatic facets of the work.[3] Mary Ann Smart has prepared a critical edition of the opera in French, which includes appendices with variants and additions that Donizetti made for a production in German at the Vienna Hofoper in 1845.[4]

Roles

[edit]
Role[5] Voice type Premiere cast, 13 November 1843
(Conductor: – )
Dom Sébastien, King of Portugal tenor Gilbert Duprez
Dom Antonio, his Uncle, regent of the kingdom in his absence tenor Jean-Baptiste Octave
Dom Juam de Sylva, Grand Inquisitor bass Nicolas Levasseur
Le Camoëns, soldier and poet baritone Paul Barroilhet
Dom Henrique, lieutenant of Dom Sébastien bass Ferdinand Prévost
Ben-Selim, governor of Fez bass Hippolyte Brémont
Abayaldos, head of the Arab tribes, fiancé of Zayda baritone Jean-Étienne-Auguste Massol
Zayda, daughter of Ben-Selim mezzo-soprano Rosine Stoltz
Dom Luis tenor
Soldier bass
First Inquisitor tenor
Second Inquisitor tenor
Third Inquisitor bass[6]
Chorus: Gentlemen and ladies and of the court of Portugal, Portuguese soldiers and sailors, Arab soldiers and women, members of the Inquisition, men and women of the people

Synopsis

[edit]
Time: 16th century
Place: Lisbon and Morocco[7]
Disegno per copertina di libretto, drawing for Don Sebastiano (undated).

Act 1

[edit]

Lisbon

The Christian king, Dom Sébastian, leaves his uncle Dom Antonio to rule Portugal while he goes on a crusade against the Moors of Africa. Sébastian's entourage includes the idealistic poet Camoëns and the Moor princess Zayda, whom he had rescued from being burnt at the stake for trying to escape the monastery she had resided in since her conversion to Christianity (O mon Dieu, sur la terre). He intends to return her to her father Ben-Selim.

Act 2

[edit]

Fez, Morocco

The reunion between Zayda and Ben-Selim is dampened by her refusal to marry the Moorish chief Abayaldos.

A battlefield in Morocco

Abayaldos led the Moors to battle against Sébastian's forces and mostly wiped them out. The wounded Sébastian's life is saved only when his lieutenant Dom Henrique presents himself to Abayaldos as Sébastian, before expiring from his own wounds, and Zayda pleads for "the Christian's" life (the real Sébastian) in return for her consent to marry Abayaldos, reasoning that her life was saved by a Christian during her captivity in Portugal and that the favor must be returned. Sébastian is left on the battlefield a broken man (Seul sur la terre).

Act 3

[edit]

A public square, Lisbon

Camoëns has survived the battle and returned to Lisbon (O Lisbonne, o ma patrie!) where he learns that Antonio has aligned himself with the Spanish Grand Inquisitor Dom Juan de Sylva and usurped the throne. He runs into Sébastian, just as the funeral procession for the supposedly dead king passes by. Camoëns causes a commotion in his outrage, and Sébastian is recognized by the people when he intervenes. Abayaldos, for his part, recognizes the lowly "Christian" whose life he had spared. Sébastian is jailed as an imposter.

Act 4

[edit]

A court of law, Lisbon

At Sébastian's trial, Zayda proves her love for him by testifying to his true identity and how he escaped death. Abayaldos accuses her of infidelity, and now both Sébastian and Zayda are jailed, she for treason.

Act 5

[edit]

The Lisbon Court

Eager to legitimize his deal with Spain, Antonio offers to spare Sébastian's life if Zayda can convince Sébastian to sign the official instrument selling Portugal to Spain. After first refusing, Sébastian signs. Free but distraught, Zayda runs out to drown herself.

A tower guarding the entrance to Lisbon Harbor (anachronistically the Belém Tower, the symbol of Portuguese independence)

Sébastian catches up with Zayda at the top of the tower. They see Camoëns in a boat attempting to rescue them. Sébastian and Zayda climb down a rope to the boat but are discovered halfway down; they plunge to their deaths when the rope is slashed. Camoëns is killed by gunfire and, at the curtain, the Spanish fleet emerges on the horizon. Portugal has lost its independence.

Recordings

[edit]
Year Cast (Zaida,
Dom Sébastien,
Camoëns,
Dom Juan de Silva)
Conductor,
Opera house and orchestra
Label[8]
1984 Klára Takács,
Richard Leech,
Lajos Miller,
Sergei Koptchak
Eve Queler,
Opera Orchestra of New York and Schola Cantorum of New York
(Recording of a concert performance in Carnegie Hall, 23 March)
CD: Legato Classics
Cat: LCD 190-2
1998 Monica Minarelli,
Robert Woroniecki,
Ettore Kim,
Randall Jakobsh
Elio Boncompagni,
Sinfonie Orchester Aachen and Aachener Städische Theater Chorus
CD: Kicco Classic
Cat: KCO18CD-1/2
2005 Vesselina Kasarova,
Giuseppe Filianoti,
Carmelo Corrado-Caruso,
Alastair Miles
Mark Elder,
Orchestra and Chorus of the Royal Opera House,
Concert performance recorded live 10 and 13 September 2005 at ROH Covent Garden[9]
Audio CD: Opera Rara
Cat: ORC 33

References

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Notes

  1. ^ Foucher's play, 1838.
  2. ^ Donal Henahan, "Donizetti's Dom Sebastien", The New York Times, 24 March 1984
  3. ^ Winton Dean 1973, "Donizetti's Serious Operas", Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association, 100, 123–141.
  4. ^ Mary Ann Smart (Ed.), Critical edition of the opera. Retrieved 27 January 2013
  5. ^ Roles and voice types are as specified in the piano-vocal score from the critical edition, Mary Ann Smart (Ed.) p. VII).
  6. ^ These minor roles may be sung by members of the Chorus.
  7. ^ Osborne 1994, p. 297.
  8. ^ Source for recording information: operadis-opera-discography.org.uk
  9. ^ Tim Ashley, "Donizetti: Dom Sébastien, Kasarova/ Filianoti/ Keenlyside/ Miles/ Royal Opera House Chorus and Orchestra/ Elder". The Guardian, (London), 11 May 2007

Sources

  • Allitt, John Stewart (1991), Donizetti: in the light of Romanticism and the teaching of Johann Simon Mayr, Shaftesbury: Element Books, Ltd (UK); Rockport, MA: Element, Inc.(USA)
  • Ashbrook, William (1982), Donizetti and His Operas, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23526-X
  • Ashbrook, William (1998), "Donizetti, Gaetano" in Stanley Sadie (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. One. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-333-73432-7 ISBN 1-56159-228-5
  • Ashbrook, William and Sarah Hibberd (2001), in Holden, Amanda (Ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam. ISBN 0-14-029312-4. pp. 224–247.
  • Black, John (1982), Donizetti's Operas in Naples, 1822—1848. London: The Donizetti Society.
  • Donizetti, Gaetano; Smart, Mary Ann, editor. (2005). Dom Sébastien, Rei de Portugal. Opéra in five acts by Eugéne Scribe (reduction for voice and piano based on the critical edition of the orchestral score). Milan: Ricordi. ISBN 978-88-7592-751-6.
  • Foucher, Paul (1838), View Don Sébastien de Portugal Paris: J. N. Barba; Delloye; Bezou.
  • Loewenberg, Alfred (1970). Annals of Opera, 1597–1940, 2nd edition. Rowman and Littlefield
  • Osborne, Charles (1994). The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. ISBN 0-931340-71-3.
  • Sadie, Stanley, (Ed.); John Tyrrell (Exec. Ed.) (2004), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 2nd edition. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-19-517067-2 (hardcover). ISBN 0-19-517067-9 OCLC 419285866 (eBook).
  • Smart, Mary Ann (Ed.), Gaetano Donizetti (2004), "Dom Sebastien, rei de Portugal: Opera in Five Acts by Eugène Scribe", The Critical Edition of the Operas of Gaetano Donizetti. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Weinstock, Herbert (1963), Donizetti and the World of Opera in Italy, Paris, and Vienna in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century, New York: Pantheon Books. LCCN 63-13703
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