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{{short description|Rank in the Indian and Pakistani armies}}
[[File:India-Army-OR-6.svg|120px |right|120px|thumb|Rank insignia of a Havildar (India)]]
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
[[File:03.Pakistan_Army-SGT.svg|right|120px|thumb|Rank insignia of a Havildar (Pakistan)]]
{{hatnote|For the Anglo-Indian pundit known as "The Havildar", see [[Hyder Shah]].}}
{{Infobox military rank
| name = Havildar
| native_name =
| image = {{nobreak|[[File:India-Army-OR-6.svg|80px]] [[File:03.Pakistan Army-SGT.svg|80px]]}}
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Indian and Pakistani rank insignia
| image2 =
| image_size2 =
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| image3 =
| image_size3 =
| alt3 =
| caption3 =
| country = {{flag|India}}<br />{{flag|Pakistan}}
| service branch = Army
| abbreviation =
| rank group = [[Enlisted rank]]
| rank =
| NATO rank =
| Non-NATO rank =
| pay grade =
| formation =
| abolished =
| higher rank = [[Junior commissioned officer|Naib subedar]]
| lower rank = [[Naik (military rank)|Naik]]
| equivalents = [[Sergeant]]<br />[[Daffadar]]
| history =
}}


A '''havildar''' or '''havaldar''' ([[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]: {{lang|hi|हविलदार}} <small>([[Devanagari]])</small> {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|حوِلدار}}}} <small>([[Perso-Arabic script|Perso-Arabic]])</small>) is a rank in the Indian and Pakistani armies, equivalent to a sergeant. It is not used in cavalry units, where the equivalent is [[daffadar]]. Like a British sergeant, a havildar wears three rank [[Chevron (insignia)|chevron]]s.<ref name=havildar>{{cite web |title=Indian army ranks |url=http://www.ranksofthearmy.com/indian-army-ranks/ |publisher=Ranks of the army |access-date=19 January 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202134124/http://www.ranksofthearmy.com/indian-army-ranks/|archivedate=2 February 2014}}</ref>
'''Havildar''' or '''havaldar''' ([[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]: {{lang|hi|हविलदार}} or {{lang|hi|हवलदार}} <small>([[Devanagari]])</small>, {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|حوالدار}}}} <small>([[Perso-Arabic script|Perso-Arabic]])</small>) is a rank in the Indian and Pakistani armies, equivalent to [[sergeant]]. It is not used in cavalry units, where the equivalent is [[daffadar]].


Like a British sergeant, a havildar wears three rank [[Chevron (insignia)|chevron]]s.<ref name=havildar>{{cite web |title=Indian army ranks |url=http://www.ranksofthearmy.com/indian-army-ranks/ |publisher=Ranks of the army |access-date=19 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202134124/http://www.ranksofthearmy.com/indian-army-ranks/|archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref>
⚫
Historically, a havildar was a senior commander, being in charge of a fort during the times of the [[Mughal Empire]] and later [[Maratha Empire]]. It was used as the equivalent of a sergeant in the [[British Raj]], which has led to its current usage.


==History==
Havildar is a Persian word in origin and means "person in charge", or more loosely "chief", from the Arabic {{lang|ar|حواله}} ("charge", "responsibility") and the Persian {{lang|fa|دار}} (dâr, "holder").
⚫
"Havildar" is a [[Persian language|Persian]] word in origin and means "person in charge", or more loosely "chief", from the [[Arabic]] {{lang|ar|حواله}} ("charge", "responsibility") and the Persian {{lang|fa|دار}} (dâr, "holder"). Historically, a havildar was a senior commander, being in charge of a fort during the times of the [[Mughal Empire]]. It was used as the equivalent of a sergeant in the [[British Raj]], which has led to its current usage.


==Appointments in the Indian Army==
==Appointments==
===Indian Army===
⚫
Havildars could be further appointed to positions of higher authority. The appointments of company quartermaster havildar and company havildar major existed in the [[British Indian Army]].<ref name=ranks/> Historically, the two senior-most havildars of a company became the CQMH and the CHM. However, these were just appointments and the commanding officer could promote or demote any of these ranks at his discretion.<ref name=ranks/> These appointments still technically exist in the modern [[Indian Army]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/RTI/rti/DSR/DSR_VOLUME_1/CHAPTER_04/53.htm |title=JCOs, WOs, OR AND NON-COMBATANTS (ENROLLED) |access-date=2015-12-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109212304/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/RTI/rti/DSR/DSR_VOLUME_1/CHAPTER_04/53.htm |archive-date=2014-11-09 }}</ref> However, havildars are now promoted directly to [[junior commissioned officer]] rank, as the duties of these historical appointments are now carried out by JCOs.<ref name=havildar/><ref name=ranks/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aftkolkata.nic.in/upload/court/Court-54.pdf|title=Info|website=aftkolkata.nic.in|access-date=2020-07-18|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209150232/http://aftkolkata.nic.in/upload/court/Court-54.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Rules of the Raj hindering havildars' promotion | publisher=The New Indian Express | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article283262.ece | author=M K Sunil Kumar | orig-year=21 November 2010 | date=16 May 2012 | access-date=4 December 2014 | archive-date=10 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810105154/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article283262.ece | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianarmy.gov.in/writereaddata/documents/psdte311212.pdf |title=Data |website=www.indianarmy.gov.in |access-date=2020-07-18 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034548/http://www.indianarmy.gov.in/writereaddata/documents/psdte311212.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
Havildars could be further appointed to positions of higher authority. However, these ranks are currently not in active use.


[[File:Company Quartermaster Havildar.gif|60px]]The company quartermaster havildar (CQMH), equivalent to a [[company quartermaster sergeant]], assisted the [[quartermaster]] in managing the company stores. The insignia was three chevrons with an [[Lion Capital of Asoka|Ashoka lion]] emblem above.<ref name=ranks>{{cite web|title=India Military Ranks|url=http://orbat.com/site/ranks/india.html|publisher=Ravi Rikhye|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=28 April 2002|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728185238/http://orbat.com/site/ranks/india.html|archivedate=28 July 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Company Quartermaster Havildar.gif|60px]]The company quartermaster havildar (CQMH), equivalent to a [[company quartermaster sergeant]], assisted the [[quartermaster]] in managing the company stores. The insignia was three chevrons with an [[Lion Capital of Asoka|Ashoka lion]] emblem above.<ref name=ranks>{{cite web|title=India Military Ranks|url=http://orbat.com/site/ranks/india.html|publisher=Ravi Rikhye|access-date=19 January 2014|date=28 April 2002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728185238/http://orbat.com/site/ranks/india.html|archive-date=28 July 2013}}</ref>


[[File:Company Havildar Major.gif|60px]]The company havildar major (CHM) was the most senior [[non-commissioned officer]] in a [[Company (military unit)|company]], equivalent to a [[company sergeant major]].<ref name=ranks/> The insignia was an Ashoka lion emblem.<ref name=ranks/>
[[File:Company Havildar Major.gif|60px]]The company havildar major (CHM) was the most senior [[non-commissioned officer]] in a [[Company (military unit)|company]], equivalent to a [[company sergeant major]].<ref name=ranks/> The insignia was an Ashoka lion emblem.<ref name=ranks/>
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[[File:Regimental Havildar Major.gif|60px]]The regimental havildar major (RHM) was equivalent to a [[regimental sergeant major]].<ref name=ranks/>
[[File:Regimental Havildar Major.gif|60px]]The regimental havildar major (RHM) was equivalent to a [[regimental sergeant major]].<ref name=ranks/>


⚫
=== Pakistan Army ===
Historically, the two senior-most havildars of a company became the CQMH and the CHM. However, these were just appointments and the CO could promote or demote any of these ranks at his discretion.<ref name=ranks/>
Senior havildars might also be appointed company quartermaster havildar, company havildar major, battalion quartermaster havildar or battalion havildar major in the [[Pakistan Army]]. All of these appointments have different insignia and may vary from unit to unit.

The appointments of company quartermaster havildar and company havildar major also existed in the British Indian Army.<ref name=ranks/>

⚫
These appointments still technically exist in the Indian Army.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/RTI/rti/DSR/DSR_VOLUME_1/CHAPTER_04/53.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-12-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109212304/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/RTI/rti/DSR/DSR_VOLUME_1/CHAPTER_04/53.htm |archivedate=2014-11-09 }}</ref> However, they have fallen out of use and havildars are now promoted directly to [[junior commissioned officer]] ranks, by whom the duties of these historical appointments are now carried out.<ref name=havildar/><ref name=ranks/><ref>http://aftkolkata.nic.in/upload/court/Court-54.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Rules of the Raj hindering havildars' promotion | publisher=The New Indian Express | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article283262.ece | author=M K Sunil Kumar |origyear=21 November 2010 | date=16 May 2012 | accessdate=4 December 2014}}</ref><ref>http://www.indianarmy.gov.in/writereaddata/documents/psdte311212.pdf</ref>

⚫
== Appointments in the Pakistan Army ==
Havildar is the third highest [[enlisted]] or [[Non Commissioned Officer]] military rank in the Pakistan Army. Usually a Havaildar have three [[Naik (military rank)|Naiks]] under him and each Naik have ten soldiers under him, making it a military unit of thirty four personnel. [[Lance Naik]] and [[Lance Havildars]] are higher grades with pay increases awarded to soldiers and Naiks respectively with a good record and performance by [[Company Commander]] and [[Battalion Commander]] respectively. Every Havildar might have a Lance Havildar out of three Naiks under him and each Naik might have at least one Lance Naik out of ten soldiers under him.

Appointments for Havildars in [[Pakistan Army]] are:

[[File:03.Pakistan_Army-SGT.svg|60px]]
Havildar


[[File:04.Pakistan_Army-SSG.svg|60px]]
[[File:04.Pakistan_Army-SSG.svg|60px]]
Company Quartermaster Havildar
Company quartermaster havildar


[[File:05.Pakistan_Army-SFC.svg|60px]]
[[File:05.Pakistan_Army-SFC.svg|60px]]
Company Havildar Major
Company havildar major


[[File:06.Pakistan_Army-MSG.svg|60px]]
[[File:06.Pakistan_Army-MSG.svg|60px]]
Battalion Quartermaster Havildar
Battalion quartermaster havildar


[[File:07.Pakistan_Army-SGM.svg|60px]]
[[File:07.Pakistan_Army-SGM.svg|60px]]
Battalion Havildar Major
Battalion havildar major

In a [[Company (military unit)|Company]] there are seven to eight Havildars. Out of these Havildars, a senior Havildar would act as a Company Quartermaster Havildar while a more senior Havildar would be appointed as Company Havildar Major responsible for the discipline, morale and training of all the soldiers within his Company.

In a [[Battalion]] there are usually twenty four to twenty eight or twenty nine Havildars. A senior Havildar would be appointed as Battalion Quartermaster Havildar and the most senior Havildar of the Battalion or the most qualified Havildar would be appointed as its Battalion Havaildar Major having power over all the soldiers in his [[Battalion]] regardless of his actual responsibility of thirty four strong military unit.

All of these appointments have different insignia.


==References==
==References==


{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Havildar SikhiWiki]


{{Military of India}}
{{Military of India}}
{{Military of Pakistan}}
{{Pakistan Army template}}


[[Category:Military ranks of India]]
[[Category:Urdu-language words and phrases]]
⚫
[[Category:Military ranks of Pakistan]]
⚫
[[Category:Military ranks of British India]]
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]
[[Category:Military of the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Pakistan Army ranks]]
⚫
[[Category:Military ranks of British India]]
⚫
[[Category:Military ranks of the Indian Army]]

Latest revision as of 17:24, 22 August 2024

For the Anglo-Indian pundit known as "The Havildar", see Hyder Shah.
Havildar
Indian and Pakistani rank insignia
Country India
 Pakistan
Service branchArmy
Rank groupEnlisted rank
Next higher rankNaib subedar
Next lower rankNaik
Equivalent ranksSergeant
Daffadar

Havildar or havaldar (Hindustani: हविलदार or हवलदार (Devanagari), حوالدار (Perso-Arabic)) is a rank in the Indian and Pakistani armies, equivalent to sergeant. It is not used in cavalry units, where the equivalent is daffadar.

Like a British sergeant, a havildar wears three rank chevrons.[1]

History

[edit]

"Havildar" is a Persian word in origin and means "person in charge", or more loosely "chief", from the Arabic حواله ("charge", "responsibility") and the Persian دار (dâr, "holder"). Historically, a havildar was a senior commander, being in charge of a fort during the times of the Mughal Empire. It was used as the equivalent of a sergeant in the British Raj, which has led to its current usage.

Appointments

[edit]

Indian Army

[edit]

Havildars could be further appointed to positions of higher authority. The appointments of company quartermaster havildar and company havildar major existed in the British Indian Army.[2] Historically, the two senior-most havildars of a company became the CQMH and the CHM. However, these were just appointments and the commanding officer could promote or demote any of these ranks at his discretion.[2] These appointments still technically exist in the modern Indian Army.[3] However, havildars are now promoted directly to junior commissioned officer rank, as the duties of these historical appointments are now carried out by JCOs.[1][2][4][5][6]

The company quartermaster havildar (CQMH), equivalent to a company quartermaster sergeant, assisted the quartermaster in managing the company stores. The insignia was three chevrons with an Ashoka lion emblem above.[2]

The company havildar major (CHM) was the most senior non-commissioned officer in a company, equivalent to a company sergeant major.[2] The insignia was an Ashoka lion emblem.[2]

The regimental quartermaster havildar (RQMH) was equivalent to a regimental quartermaster sergeant.[2]

The regimental havildar major (RHM) was equivalent to a regimental sergeant major.[2]

Pakistan Army

[edit]

Senior havildars might also be appointed company quartermaster havildar, company havildar major, battalion quartermaster havildar or battalion havildar major in the Pakistan Army. All of these appointments have different insignia and may vary from unit to unit.

Company quartermaster havildar

Company havildar major

Battalion quartermaster havildar

Battalion havildar major

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Indian army ranks". Ranks of the army. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "India Military Ranks". Ravi Rikhye. 28 April 2002. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  3. ^ "JCOs, WOs, OR AND NON-COMBATANTS (ENROLLED)". Archived from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  4. ^ "Info" (PDF). aftkolkata.nic.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  5. ^ M K Sunil Kumar (16 May 2012) [21 November 2010]. "Rules of the Raj hindering havildars' promotion". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 10 August 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  6. ^ "Data" (PDF). www.indianarmy.gov.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
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