Marechal Foch (grape): Difference between revisions

Marechal Foch
Marechal Foch
Grape (Vitis)
	Ripe clusters of Marechal Foch on the vine
Color of berry skin	Rouge
Species	Vitis hybrid
Also called	Foch, Kuhlmann 188-2, Marshal Foch and Marshal Fosh
Origin	France
VIVC number	7388

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Maréchal Foch (French pronunciation: [maʁeʃal fɔʃ]) is an inter-specific hybrid French red wine grape variety. It was developed at the Oberlin Institute in Colmar-Alsace, at the beginning of the 20th century, then known as Kuhlmann 188-2, by Eugène Kuhlmann. ^[1] The variety arrived in the U.S. in 1946, where it was subsequently renamed Marechal Foch in honor of Marshall Ferdinand Foch, Supreme Allied Commander during the First World War.^[2] Some believe it to be a cross of Goldriesling (itself an intra-specific cross of Riesling and Courtiller Musqué) with a Vitis riparia - Vitis rupestris cross. Others contend that its pedigree is uncertain and may contain the grape variety Oberlin 595.^[3] It ripens early, is cold-hardy and resistant to fungal diseases. It is a teinturier, with pigmented juice as well as skins. The berry size is small, which makes it prone to bird injury. The quality of wine produced by Marechal Foch vines is highly dependent upon vine age, and the flavor profile associated with many new-world hybrid varietals is much reduced in examples made with fruit picked from older vines.

Wine regions

Marechal Foch was formerly commonly grown in the Loire, but today it is limited to a small number of hectares in Europe. Because it is a hybrid variety, cultivation for commercial wines in Europe is restricted by European Union regulation.

It is more extensively grown in North America, including southern Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia, as well as the eastern wine growing regions of the United States, where it ripens fully by the end of September. It is also commonly grown in Minnesota and Ohio. In the west, it is grown in Colorado in Delta County. Additionally, it is grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley, Missoula, Montana and Canada's Okanagan Valley and Comox Valley.^[4] Marechal Foch was introduced to Canadian vineyards in 1946 by Adhemar de Chaunac of Brights' wines, along with several other French hybrids.^[5]

However, the extent to which Marechal Foch is grown in Canada has been much reduced, due to an extensive vine-pull program in the early 1980s designed to replace hybrids with (Vitis vinifera) cultivars.

Wines

Marechal Foch is used to make a variety of styles of wine, ranging from a light red wine similar to Beaujolais to more extracted wines with intense dark "inky" purple colour and unique varietal character, and even sweet, fortified, Port-like wines. Wines made from Marechal Foch tend to have strong acidity, aromas of black fruits and, in some cases, toasted wheat, mocha, fresh coffee, bitter chocolate, vanilla bean, and musk. In the darker variants of the wine a strong gamey nose is also often described. Highly extracted, and more carefully produced wines made from older plantings of Marechal Foch have recently been successfully marketed as more expensive niche wines with a dedicated following.

Related varieties

The grape varieties Léon Millot, Lucie Kuhlman, and Marechal Foch came out of the same crossing, and are therefore related.

Synonyms

Foch, Kuhlmann 188.2, Marschall Foch

References

^ Andrew G. Reynolds (20 April 2015). Grapevine Breeding Programs for the Wine Industry. Elsevier Science. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-1-78242-080-4.
^ "Marechal Foch Wine". wine searcher.
^ Robinson, Janis; Harding, Julia; Vouillamoz, José (2012). Wine Grapes. New York: Harper Collins. p. 598. ISBN 978-0-06-220636-7.
^ "Our Varieties". Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
^ "Tony Aspler: "Baco Noir and Maréchal Foch: The True Canadian Grapes?"". Archived from the original on 30 December 2006. Retrieved 14 November 2006.

[Reynolds2015-1] Andrew G. Reynolds (20 April 2015). Grapevine Breeding Programs for the Wine Industry. Elsevier Science. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-1-78242-080-4.

[2] "Marechal Foch Wine". wine searcher.

[3] Robinson, Janis; Harding, Julia; Vouillamoz, José (2012). Wine Grapes. New York: Harper Collins. p. 598. ISBN 978-0-06-220636-7.

[4] "Our Varieties". Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.

[5] "Tony Aspler: "Baco Noir and Maréchal Foch: The True Canadian Grapes?"". Archived from the original on 30 December 2006. Retrieved 14 November 2006.

[1]

[2]

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[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Variety of grape}}
-{{for|the French soldier, military theorist, and writer|Ferdinand Foch}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
+{{Infobox grape variety
+| name          = Marechal Foch
+| color         = Rouge
+| image         = Marechal foch cluster.jpg
+| caption       = Ripe clusters of Marechal Foch on the vine
+| species       = ''[[Vitis]]'' hybrid
+| also_called   = Foch, Kuhlmann 188-2, Marshal Foch and Marshal Fosh
+| origin        = France
+| hazards       =
+| regions       =
+| notable_wines =
+}}
+'''Maréchal Foch''' ({{IPA|fr|maʁeʃal fɔʃ}}) is an inter-specific [[hybrid grapes|hybrid]] French red [[wine]] [[grape]] variety. It was developed at the Oberlin Institute in Colmar-Alsace, at the beginning of the 20th century, then known as Kuhlmann 188-2, by Eugène Kuhlmann''.'' <ref name="Reynolds2015">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LNFzAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA70|title=Grapevine Breeding Programs for the Wine Industry|author=Andrew G. Reynolds|date=20 April 2015|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-1-78242-080-4|pages=70–}}</ref> The variety arrived in the U.S. in 1946, where it was subsequently renamed Marechal Foch in honor of Marshall [[Ferdinand Foch]], Supreme Allied Commander during the [[World War I|First World War.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wine-searcher.com/grape-266-marechal-foch|title=Marechal Foch Wine|last=|first=|date=|website=wine searcher|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> Some believe it to be  a cross of [[Goldriesling]] (itself an intra-specific cross of [[Riesling]] and [[Courtiller Musqué]]) with a ''[[Vitis riparia]]'' - ''[[Vitis rupestris]]'' cross. Others contend that its pedigree is uncertain and may contain the grape variety [[Oberlin 595 (grape)|Oberlin 595]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Janis |title=Wine Grapes |last2=Harding |first2=Julia |last3=Vouillamoz |first3=José |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-06-220636-7 |location=New York |pages=598 |language=en}}</ref> It [[ripens early (wine)|ripens early]], is cold-hardy and resistant to fungal diseases. It is a [[teinturier]], with pigmented juice as well as skins. The berry size is small, which makes it prone to bird injury. The quality of wine produced by Marechal Foch vines is highly dependent upon vine age, and the flavor profile associated with many new-world hybrid varietals is much reduced in examples made with fruit picked from older vines.
-[[Image:Marechal foch cluster.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ripe clusters of Marechal Foch on the vine.]]
-'''Maréchal Foch''' (pronounced "mar-esh-shall-fosh"), is an inter-specific [[hybrid grapes|hybrid]] French red [[wine]] [[grape]] variety.  It was named after the French marshal [[Ferdinand Foch]] (1851-1929), who played an important role in the negotiation of the armistice terms during the closing of the [[First World War]].  It was developed in [[Alsace]], [[France]] by grape [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridizer]] [[Eugene Kuhlmann]]. Some believe it to be  a cross of [[Goldriesling]] (itself an intra-specific cross of [[Riesling]] and [[Courtiller Musqué]]) with a ''[[Vitis riparia]]'' - ''[[Vitis rupestris]]'' cross. Others contend that its pedigree is uncertain and may contain the grape variety [[Oberlin 595 (grape)|Oberlin 595]]. It [[ripens early (wine)|ripens early]], is cold-hardy, is resistant to fungal diseases, but because of its small berry size is prone to bird injury. The quality of wine produced by Marechal Foch vines is highly dependent upon vine age, and the flavor profile associated with many new-world hybrid varietals is much reduced in examples made with fruit picked from older vines. The berry size of this variety is small.
 ==Wine regions==
 [[File:2008 White Rose Winery Marechal Foch.jpg|left|thumb|A Marechal Foch wine from Missouri.]]
-Marechal Foch was formerly commonly grown in the [[Loire]], but today it is limited to a small number of hectares in Europe.  Because it is a hybrid variety, cultivation for commercial wines in Europe is restricted by [[European Union]] regulation. It is more extensively grown in both the eastern wine growing regions of the [[United States]] (commonly grown in Minnesota) as well as [[Willamette Valley]] and [[Canada]]'s [[Okanagan Valley (wine)|Okanagan Valley]]. Marechal Foch, along with a series of other French hybrids, was introduced to Canadian vineyards in 1946 by [[Adhemar de Chaunac]] of Brights' wines.<ref>[http://www.tonyaspler.com/pub/articleview.asp?id=353&s=5 Tony Aspler: “Baco Noir and Maréchal Foch: The True Canadian Grapes?”]</ref>
+Marechal Foch was formerly commonly grown in the [[Loire]], but today it is limited to a small number of hectares in Europe.  Because it is a hybrid variety, cultivation for commercial wines in Europe is restricted by [[European Union]] regulation.
+It is more extensively grown in North America, including southern [[Ontario]], [[Quebec]], and [[Nova Scotia]], as well as the eastern wine growing regions of the [[United States]], where it ripens fully by the end of September.  It is also commonly grown in Minnesota and [[Ohio (wine)|Ohio]].  In the west, it is grown in Colorado in Delta County. Additionally, it is grown in  Oregon's [[Willamette Valley]], Missoula, Montana and [[Canada]]'s [[Okanagan Valley (wine)|Okanagan Valley]] and [[Comox Valley]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stonesthrowwinery.ca/our-varieties.html |title=Our Varieties |access-date=16 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814024550/http://www.stonesthrowwinery.ca/our-varieties.html |archive-date=14 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  Marechal Foch was introduced to Canadian vineyards in 1946 by [[Adhemar de Chaunac]] of Brights' wines, along with several other French hybrids.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tonyaspler.com/pub/articleview.asp?id=353&s=5 |title=Tony Aspler: "Baco Noir and Maréchal Foch: The True Canadian Grapes?" |access-date=14 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230183119/http://www.tonyaspler.com/pub/articleview.asp?id=353&s=5 |archive-date=30 December 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-In southern [[Ontario]] and the northeastern United States, Marechal Foch ripens fully by the end of September. The area in Canada, however is much reduced from previous plantings due to an extensive vine-pull program in the early 1980s designed to replace Foch and other hybrids with [[Vitis vinifera]] varietals.
+However, the extent to which Marechal Foch is grown in Canada has been much reduced, due to an extensive vine-pull program in the early 1980s designed to replace hybrids with (''[[Vitis vinifera]]'') cultivars.
 ==Wines==
-Marechal Foch is used to make a variety of styles of wine, ranging from a light red wine similar to [[Beaujolais]], to more extracted wines with intense dark "inky" purple colour and unique varietal character, to sweet, fortified, port-style wines.  Wines made from Marechal Foch tend to have strong acidity, aromas of black fruits and, in some cases, toasted wheat, mocha, fresh coffee, bitter chocolate, vanilla bean, and  musk.  In the darker variants of the wine a strong ''[[Game (food)|gamey]]'' nose is also often described. Highly extracted, and more carefully produced wines made from older plantings of Marechal Foch have recently been successfully marketed as more expensive niche cult wines with a dedicated following.
+Marechal Foch is used to make a variety of styles of wine, ranging from a light red wine similar to [[Beaujolais]] to more extracted wines with intense dark "inky" purple colour and unique varietal character, and even sweet, fortified, [[Port wine|Port]]-like wines.  Wines made from Marechal Foch tend to have strong acidity, aromas of black fruits and, in some cases, toasted wheat, mocha, fresh coffee, bitter chocolate, vanilla bean, and musk.  In the darker variants of the wine a strong ''[[Game (food)|gamey]]'' nose is also often described. Highly extracted, and more carefully produced wines made from older plantings of Marechal Foch have recently been successfully marketed as more expensive niche wines with a dedicated following.
 ==Related varieties==
@@ Line 26: / Line 39: @@
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
 {{Hybrid grape varieties}}
-[[Category:Grape varieties]]
+[[Category:Red wine grape varieties]]
 [[Category:Hybrid grape varieties]]
+[[Category:Canadian wine]]

v t e Hybrid grape varieties
Grape (Vitis) species	V. acerifolia V. adenoclada V. aestivalis V. amurensis V. × andersonii V. arizonica V. balansana V. barbata V. bashanica V. bellula V. berlandieri V. betulifolia V. biformis V. blancoi V. bloodworthiana V. bourgaeana V. × bourquina V. bryoniifolia V. californica V. × champinii V. chunganensis V. chungii V. cinerea V. coignetiae V. davidii V. × doaniana V. erythrophylla V. fengqinensis V. ficifolia V. flexuosa V. girdiana V. hancockii V. heyneana V. hui V. jacquemontii V. jaegeriana V. jinggangensis V. Kelungensis V. labrusca V. × labruscana V. lanceolatifoliosa V. lincecumii V. longquanensis V. luochengensis V. menghaiensis V. mengziensis V. monticola V. mustangensis V. nesbittiana V. × novae-angliae V. palmata V. peninsularis V. piasezkii V. pilosonerva V. popenoei V. pseudoreticulata V. retordii V. riparia V. romanetii V. rotundifolia V. rupestris V. ruyuanensis V. shenxiensis V. shuttleworthii V. silvestrii V. sinocinerea V. × slavinii V. tiliifolia V. treleasei V. tsoii V. vinifera V. vulpina V. wenchouensis V. wilsonae V. wuhanensis V. xunyangensis V. Yeshanensis V. yunnanensis V. zhejiang-adstricta
Notable hybrids	Agawam Alexander Aurore Baco blanc Baco noir Beta Black Spanish Blanc du Bois Breidecker Cabernet blanc Cabernet Cortis Cascade Cassady Catawba Cayuga White Chambourcin Chancellor Chardonel Chelois Clinton Concord Corot noir Couderc noir De Chaunac Edelweiss Flora Flot rouge Frontenac Goethe Herbert Hibernal Himrod seedless Ives noir Jaeger 70 Kay Gray Kyoho L'Acadie blanc La Crosse Lakemont seedless Landal noir Landot noir Léon Millot Malverina Marechal Foch Marechal Joffre Marquette Massasoit Melody Merzling Muscat bleu Niagara Noiret Norton Olmo grapes Onaka Orion Phoenix Plantet Ravat blanc Requa Rogers' Hybrids Rondo Royalty Seibel grapes Severny Seyval blanc Seyval noir Solaris St. Pepin Thomcord Traminette Triomphe d'Alsace Valvin muscat Vidal blanc Vignoles Villard grapes Zarya severa