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Coordinates: 43°0′33″N 1°19′12″W / 43.00917°N 1.32000°W / 43.00917; -1.32000
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{{other uses|Roncesvalles (disambiguation)}}
{{other uses|Roncesvalles (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Roncesvalles
| name = Roncesvalles
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| official_name = Orreaga/Roncesvalles <!-- if different from name -->
| official_name = Orreaga / Roncesvalles
| native_name = <!-- if different from name -->
| native_name = {{native name|eu|Orreaga}}
| image_skyline = Roncesvalles-Collegiate-Church-2010.jpg
| image_skyline = Monastère de Ronceveau 2.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| image_flag = Orreagako bandera.svg
| image_shield =Coat of Arms of Roncesvalles.svg
| image_shield = Coat of Arms of Roncesvalles.svg
| nickname =
| nickname =
| motto =
| motto =
| image_map =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Spain
| pushpin_map = Spain
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Spain
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Spain
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Spain
| subdivision_name = Spain
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Navarre]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Navarre]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Navarre (province)|Navarre]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Navarre (province)|Navarre]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Comarcas of Spain|Comarca]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Comarcas of Spain|Comarca / Eskualdea]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Auñamendi]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Auñamendi]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Judicial district]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Judicial districts of Spain|Judicial district]]
| subdivision_name4 = Aóiz
| subdivision_name4 = Agoitz / Aóiz
| seat_type = <!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] -->
| seat_type = <!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] -->
| seat =
| seat =
| coordinates = {{coord|43|0|N|1|19|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline}}
| coordinates = {{coord|43|0|N|1|19|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 923
| elevation_m = 923
| elevation_min_m =910
| elevation_min_m = 910
| elevation_max_m =1564
| elevation_max_m = 1564
| area_footnotes =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 15.1
| area_total_km2 = 15.1
| established_title = <!-- Founded -->
| established_title = <!-- Founded -->
| established_date =
| established_date =
| population_as_of = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total = 30
| population_total = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of = 2009
| population_demonym = Orreagatarra
| population_demonym = Orreagatar
| population_note =
| population_note =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code = 31650
| postal_code = 31650
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialing code]]
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialing code]]
| area_code =948
| area_code = 948
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Luis Echeverría Echávarren
| leader_name = Luis Echeverría Echávarren
| leader_party =
| leader_party =
| website = {{official website|http://www.roncesvalles.es}}
| website = {{official website|http://www.roncesvalles.es}}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Roncesvalles''' ({{IPA-es|ronθezˈβaʎes}}; {{lang-eu|Orreaga}} {{IPA-eu|oreaɣa|}}, {{lang-an|Ronzesbals}} {{IPA-an|ronθesˈbals|}}, {{lang-fr|Roncevaux}} {{IPA-fr|ʁɔ̃s(ə)vo|}}) is a small village and [[municipality]] in [[Navarre]], northern [[Spain]]. It is situated on the small river [[Urrobi]] at an altitude of some {{convert|900|m}} in the [[Pyrenees]], about {{convert|4|km}} from the [[France|French]] frontier [[as the crow flies]], or {{convert|21|km}} by road.
'''Roncesvalles''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɒ|n|s|ə|v|æ|l|z}} {{respell|RON|sə|valz}},<ref>{{cite Collins Dictionary|Roncesvalles}}</ref><ref>{{cite American Heritage Dictionary|Roncesvalles}}</ref> {{IPA|es|ronθesˈβaʎes|lang}}; {{langx|eu|Orreaga}} {{IPA|eu|oreaɣa|}}; {{langx|an|Ronzesbals}} {{IPA|an|ɾonθezˈbals|}}; {{langx|oc|Roncesvals}}; {{langx|fr|Roncevaux}} {{IPA|fr|ʁɔ̃s(ə)vo|}}) is a small village and [[municipality]] in [[Navarre]], northern [[Spain]]. It is situated on the small river [[Urrobi]] at an altitude of some {{convert|900|m}} in the [[Pyrenees]], about {{convert|4|km}} from the [[France|French]] border [[as the crow flies]], or {{convert|21|km}} by road.


==History==
⚫
Roncesvalles is famous in history and legend for the defeat of [[Charlemagne]] and the death of [[Roland]] in 778, during the [[battle of Roncevaux Pass]], when [[Charlemagne]]'s rear guard was destroyed by [[Basque people|Basque]] tribes.
===Battle of Roncevaux===
⚫
Roncesvalles is famous in history and legend for the death of [[Roland]] in 778, during the [[Battle of Roncevaux Pass]], when [[Charlemagne]]'s rearguard was destroyed by [[Basque people|Basque]] tribes.<ref name=turismo>[http://www.turismo.navarra.es/eng/organice-viaje/recurso/Localidades/2495/OrreagaRoncesvalles.htm Orreaga/Roncesvalles", Kingdom of Navarre, Turismo de Navarra]</ref>


When a party of horsemen from the Kingdom of Navarre arrived at the Duchy of Burgundy in 1439 to negotiate Prince Charles of Navarre's marriage to Agnes of Cleves, the Duke of Burgundy's niece, the prior of Roncesvalles was their chief ambassador. He was described as a "noble knight". <ref>{{cite book|last1=de Monstrelet|first1=Enguerrand|title=The chornicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, continued by others. Tr. by T. Johnes. 12 vols. [and] Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pe4DAAAAQAAJ&dq=marriage+of+agnes+of+cleves+charles+of+navarre&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}</ref>
When a party of horsemen from the Kingdom of Navarre arrived at the Duchy of Burgundy in 1439 to negotiate Prince Charles of Navarre's marriage to Agnes of Cleves, the Duke of Burgundy's niece, the prior of Roncesvalles was their chief ambassador. He was described as a "noble knight".<ref>{{cite book|last1=de Monstrelet|first1=Enguerrand|title=The chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, continued by others. Tr. by T. Johnes. 12 vols. [and] Plates|url=https://archive.org/details/chorniclesengue01monsgoog|quote=marriage of agnes of cleves charles of navarre.|year=1840}}</ref>


The small [[collegiate church]] contains several curious [[relic]]s associated with Roland. The battle is said to have been fought in the valley known as [[Valcarlos]], which is now occupied by a hamlet bearing the same name, and in the adjoining pass of Ibañeta ([[Roncevaux Pass]]). Both of these are traversed by the main road leading north from Roncesvalles to [[Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port]], in the French [[Northern Basque Country|Basque Country]].
The small [[collegiate church]] contains several curious [[relic]]s associated with Roland. The battle is said to have been fought in the valley known as [[Valcarlos]], which is now occupied by a hamlet bearing the same name, and in the adjoining pass of Ibañeta ([[Roncevaux Pass]]). Both of these are traversed by the main road leading north from Roncesvalles to [[Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port]], in the French [[Northern Basque Country|Basque Country]].


===Santa María de Roncesvalles===
Since the [[Middle Ages]], this collegiate church has been a favorite resting place for [[Catholic]] [[pilgrim]]s along the [[Way of St. James]], since it is the first place to have a rest after crossing the French Pyrenees. Every year thousands of pilgrims begin their way to [[Santiago de Compostela]] at Roncesvalles.
Since the [[Middle Ages]], this collegiate church of Santa María de Orreaga/Roncesvalles has been a favorite resting place for [[Catholic]] [[pilgrim]]s along the [[French Way]] path, the most popular variant of the [[Way of St. James]], since it is the first place to have a rest after crossing the French Pyrenees. The church, a former pilgrim's hospice, was built at the end of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth centuries. The oldest building is the Chapel of Sancti Spiritus, or "Charlemagne's Silo" built in Romanesque style in the 12th century.<ref name=turismo/>

Every year thousands of pilgrims begin their way to [[Santiago de Compostela]] at Roncesvalles.<ref name=turismo/>


The area was also the site of [[Battle of Roncesvalles (1813)|the 1813 Battle of Roncesvalles]] during the [[Peninsular War]].
The area was also the site of [[Battle of Roncesvalles (1813)|the 1813 Battle of Roncesvalles]] during the [[Peninsular War]].

[[File:Cadenasescudodenavarra.JPG|thumb|Chains found in a Roncesvalles church said to inspire the [[coat of arms of Navarre]]. Photographed at the Museum of Roncesvalles]]

==See also==
* [[Roncevaux Pass]]


==References==
==References==
Line 74: Line 84:


==Sources==
==Sources==
{{EB1911|wstitle=Roncesvalles|volume=23|page=689}}
{{EB1911}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.lebrelblanco.com/anexos/a0204.htm Medieval History of Navarre. The Colegiata of Roncesvalles]
* [http://www.lebrelblanco.com/anexos/a0204.htm Medieval History of Navarre. The Colegiata of Roncesvalles]
* [http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/103901 Orreaga / Roncesvalles in online Basque encyclopedia] {{es icon}}
* [http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/103901 Orreaga / Roncesvalles in online Basque encyclopedia] {{in lang|es}}


{{Municipalities in Navarre}}
{{Municipalities in Navarre}}
⚫
{{authority control}}

{{coord|43|0|33|N|1|19|12|W|display=title}}
{{coord|43|0|33|N|1|19|12|W|display=title}}


⚫
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Navarre]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Navarre]]
[[Category:Camino de Santiago]]
[[Category:Populated places in Navarre]]




Latest revision as of 15:39, 12 October 2024

For other uses, see Roncesvalles (disambiguation).
Roncesvalles
Orreaga (Basque)
Municipality
Orreaga / Roncesvalles
Flag of Roncesvalles
Flag
Coat of arms of Roncesvalles
Coat of arms
Roncesvalles is located in Spain
Roncesvalles
Roncesvalles
Location in Spain
Coordinates: 43°0′N 1°19′W / 43.000°N 1.317°W / 43.000; -1.317
CountrySpain
Autonomous communityNavarre
ProvinceNavarre
Comarca / EskualdeaAuñamendi
Judicial districtAgoitz / Aóiz
Government
 • MayorLuis Echeverría Echávarren
Area
 • Total
15.1 km2 (5.8 sq mi)
Elevation
923 m (3,028 ft)
Highest elevation
1,564 m (5,131 ft)
Lowest elevation
910 m (2,990 ft)
Population
 (2018)[1]
 • Total
21
 • Density1.4/km2 (3.6/sq mi)
DemonymOrreagatar
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
31650
Dialing code948
WebsiteOfficial website

Roncesvalles (/ˈrɒnsəvælz/ RON-sə-valz,[2][3] Spanish: [ronθesˈβaʎes]; Basque: Orreaga [oreaɣa]; Aragonese: Ronzesbals [ɾonθezˈbals]; Occitan: Roncesvals; French: Roncevaux [ʁɔ̃s(ə)vo]) is a small village and municipality in Navarre, northern Spain. It is situated on the small river Urrobi at an altitude of some 900 metres (3,000 ft) in the Pyrenees, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the French border as the crow flies, or 21 kilometres (13 mi) by road.

History

[edit]

Battle of Roncevaux

[edit]

Roncesvalles is famous in history and legend for the death of Roland in 778, during the Battle of Roncevaux Pass, when Charlemagne's rearguard was destroyed by Basque tribes.[4]

When a party of horsemen from the Kingdom of Navarre arrived at the Duchy of Burgundy in 1439 to negotiate Prince Charles of Navarre's marriage to Agnes of Cleves, the Duke of Burgundy's niece, the prior of Roncesvalles was their chief ambassador. He was described as a "noble knight".[5]

The small collegiate church contains several curious relics associated with Roland. The battle is said to have been fought in the valley known as Valcarlos, which is now occupied by a hamlet bearing the same name, and in the adjoining pass of Ibañeta (Roncevaux Pass). Both of these are traversed by the main road leading north from Roncesvalles to Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, in the French Basque Country.

Santa María de Roncesvalles

[edit]

Since the Middle Ages, this collegiate church of Santa María de Orreaga/Roncesvalles has been a favorite resting place for Catholic pilgrims along the French Way path, the most popular variant of the Way of St. James, since it is the first place to have a rest after crossing the French Pyrenees. The church, a former pilgrim's hospice, was built at the end of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth centuries. The oldest building is the Chapel of Sancti Spiritus, or "Charlemagne's Silo" built in Romanesque style in the 12th century.[4]

Every year thousands of pilgrims begin their way to Santiago de Compostela at Roncesvalles.[4]

The area was also the site of the 1813 Battle of Roncesvalles during the Peninsular War.

Chains found in a Roncesvalles church said to inspire the coat of arms of Navarre. Photographed at the Museum of Roncesvalles

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  2. ^ "Roncesvalles". CollinsDictionary.com. HarperCollins.
  3. ^ "Roncesvalles". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins.
  4. ^ a b c Orreaga/Roncesvalles", Kingdom of Navarre, Turismo de Navarra
  5. ^ de Monstrelet, Enguerrand (1840). The chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, continued by others. Tr. by T. Johnes. 12 vols. [and] Plates. marriage of agnes of cleves charles of navarre.

Sources

[edit]

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Roncesvalles". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 689.

[edit]

43°0′33″N 1°19′12″W / 43.00917°N 1.32000°W / 43.00917; -1.32000


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