Karkin people: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Division of the Ohlone people of Northern California}} |
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{{for|the language|Karkin language}} |
{{for|the language|Karkin language}} |
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{{infobox ethnic group |
{{infobox ethnic group |
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|popplace={{Flag|United States}} ({{Flag|California}}) |
|popplace={{Flag|United States}} ({{Flag|California}}) |
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|rels=Traditional tribal religion |
|rels=Traditional tribal religion |
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|langs=[[ |
|langs=[[English language|English]], formerly [[Karkin language|Karkin]] |
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|related= |
|related= |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Karkin people''' (also called ''Los Carquines'' in Spanish) |
The '''Karkin people''' (also called ''Los Carquines'' in Spanish) are one of eight [[Ohlone peoples]], [[indigenous peoples of California]]. |
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==History== |
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| ⚫ | The Karkin people lived in the [[Carquinez Strait]] region in the northeast portion of the San Francisco Bay estuary.<ref>Milliken 1995:238</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The Karkin people have historically lived in the [[Carquinez Strait]] region in the northeast portion of the [[San Francisco Bay]] estuary.<ref>Milliken 1995:238</ref> They spoke the [[Karkin language]], the only documentation of which is a single vocabulary obtained by linguist-missionary Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta at [[Mission Dolores]] in 1821<ref>Milliken 2008:6</ref> from Karkin speaker Mariano Antonio Sagnegse.<ref>Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:20</ref> According to de la Cuesta, ''karkin'' means 'to trade.'<ref name="Beeler 1961">Beeler 1961</ref><ref>Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:21</ref> Although meager, the records of Karkin show that it constituted a distinct branch of Costanoan/Ohlone, strikingly different from the neighboring [[Chochenyo language|Chochenyo]] and other Ohlone languages spoken farther south and across the bay.<ref name="Beeler 1961"/> It is believed that there were about 200 Karkin speakers before colonization.<ref>Levy 1978, cited in Survey of California and Other Indian Languages</ref> |
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Starting in 1787, some Karkin people began moving to [[Mission Dolores]] in present-day San Francisco.<ref>Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:110</ref> In 1804 and 1807, Karkins resisted attempts by Mission Indians to recapture fugitive Indians who had escaped the mission.<ref>Milliken 1995:180-182, 204-206, cited in Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:110</ref> The last Karkins moved to the mission between 1809 and 1810.<ref>Milliken 1995:209-211, cited in Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:110</ref> At the end of 1817, 49 Karkins were living at Mission Dolores.<ref>Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:119</ref> By the end of 1823, 35 Karkin people lived at Mission Dolores, Mission San Francisco Solano, and Mission San Jose, seven of whom had been born in the missions.<ref>Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:122</ref> |
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In 1925, [[Alfred Kroeber]], then director of the [[Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology|Hearst Museum of Anthropology]], declared the Ohlone extinct, which directly led to its losing federal recognition and land rights.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Patricia Leigh |date=2022-12-11 |title=Indigenous Founders of a Museum Cafe Put Repatriation on the Menu |language=en |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/11/arts/design/hearst-museum-ohlone-cafe-repatriate-medina.html |access-date=2023-08-13}}</ref> |
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The Confederated Villages of Lisjan is a tribe made up of Karkin and six other neighboring indigenous groups.<ref name="Lisjan History">{{cite web |url=https://villagesoflisjan.org/home/tribal-history/ |title=Tribal History |website=Confederated Villages of Lisjan |access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> |
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[[Corrina Gould]] is a Karkin and [[Chochenyo people|Chochenyo]] activist who co-founded Indian People Organizing for Change and the [[Sogorea Te Land Trust|Sogorea Te’ Land Trust]],<ref name="HuffPost">{{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/native-women-oakland-land_n_5ab0f175e4b0e862383b503c |title='It's About Taking Back What's Ours': Native Women Reclaim Land, Plot By Plot |last=NoiseCat |first=Julian Brave |author-link=Julian Brave NoiseCat|publisher=The Huffington Post |date=2018-03-22 |website=HuffPost |access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> and is the spokesperson for the Confederated Villages of Lisjan.<ref name="Lisjan History" /> |
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== See also == |
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* [[Sogorea Te Land Trust]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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* Callaghan, Catherine A. 1997. "Evidence for Yok-Utian." ''International Journal of American Linguistics'' 63:18–64. |
* Callaghan, Catherine A. 1997. "Evidence for Yok-Utian." ''International Journal of American Linguistics'' 63:18–64. |
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* Golla, Victor. 2007. "Linguistic Prehistory." ''California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity''. Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, eds., pp. 71–82. New York: Altamira Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7591-0872-1}}. |
* Golla, Victor. 2007. "Linguistic Prehistory." ''California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity''. Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, eds., pp. 71–82. New York: Altamira Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7591-0872-1}}. |
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* Levy 1978, cited in ''[https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/karkin.php "Karkin"]''. Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 16 August 2021. |
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* Milliken, Randall T. 1995. ''A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Region, 1769–1810''. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press. |
* Milliken, Randall T. 1995. ''A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Region, 1769–1810''. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press. |
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* Milliken, Randall T. 2008. ''Native Americans at Mission San Jose''. Banning, CA: Malki-Ballena Press. {{ISBN|978-0-87919-147-4}}. |
* Milliken, Randall T. 2008. ''Native Americans at Mission San Jose''. Banning, CA: Malki-Ballena Press. {{ISBN|978-0-87919-147-4}}. |
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* Milliken, Randall; Shoup, Laurence H.; Ortiz, Beverly R.; Archaeological and Historical Consultants Oakland, California (June 2009). [http://muwekma.org/images/Ohlone_Costanoan_Indians_of_SF_Peninsula_NPS_2009.pdf Ohlone/Costanoan Indians of the San Francisco Peninsula and their Neighbors, Yesterday and Today] (PDF) (Report). National Park Service Golden Gate National Recreation Area, San Francisco, California. Retrieved 16 August 2021. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Ohlone}} |
{{Ohlone}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Karkin People}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Karkin People}} |
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[[Category:Ohlone]] |
[[Category:Ohlone]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of California]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Mission Indians]] |
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[[Category:History of Contra Costa County, California]] |
[[Category:History of Contra Costa County, California]] |
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[[Category:History of Solano County, California]] |
[[Category:History of Solano County, California]] |
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[[Category:History of the San Francisco Bay Area]] |
[[Category:History of the San Francisco Bay Area]] |
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[[Category:Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area]] |
[[Category:Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area]] |
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{{na-lang-stub}} |
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{{NorthAm-native-stub}} |
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[[fr:Karkin]] |
[[fr:Karkin]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:50, 15 October 2024
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
 United States ( California) | |
| Languages | |
| English, formerly Karkin | |
| Religion | |
| Traditional tribal religion |
The Karkin people (also called Los Carquines in Spanish) are one of eight Ohlone peoples, indigenous peoples of California.
History
[edit]The Karkin people have historically lived in the Carquinez Strait region in the northeast portion of the San Francisco Bay estuary.[1] They spoke the Karkin language, the only documentation of which is a single vocabulary obtained by linguist-missionary Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta at Mission Dolores in 1821[2] from Karkin speaker Mariano Antonio Sagnegse.[3] According to de la Cuesta, karkin means 'to trade.'[4][5] Although meager, the records of Karkin show that it constituted a distinct branch of Costanoan/Ohlone, strikingly different from the neighboring Chochenyo and other Ohlone languages spoken farther south and across the bay.[4] It is believed that there were about 200 Karkin speakers before colonization.[6]
Starting in 1787, some Karkin people began moving to Mission Dolores in present-day San Francisco.[7] In 1804 and 1807, Karkins resisted attempts by Mission Indians to recapture fugitive Indians who had escaped the mission.[8] The last Karkins moved to the mission between 1809 and 1810.[9] At the end of 1817, 49 Karkins were living at Mission Dolores.[10] By the end of 1823, 35 Karkin people lived at Mission Dolores, Mission San Francisco Solano, and Mission San Jose, seven of whom had been born in the missions.[11]
In 1925, Alfred Kroeber, then director of the Hearst Museum of Anthropology, declared the Ohlone extinct, which directly led to its losing federal recognition and land rights.[12]
The Confederated Villages of Lisjan is a tribe made up of Karkin and six other neighboring indigenous groups.[13]
Corrina Gould is a Karkin and Chochenyo activist who co-founded Indian People Organizing for Change and the Sogorea Te’ Land Trust,[14] and is the spokesperson for the Confederated Villages of Lisjan.[13]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Milliken 1995:238
- ^ Milliken 2008:6
- ^ Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:20
- ^ a b Beeler 1961
- ^ Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:21
- ^ Levy 1978, cited in Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- ^ Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:110
- ^ Milliken 1995:180-182, 204-206, cited in Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:110
- ^ Milliken 1995:209-211, cited in Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:110
- ^ Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:119
- ^ Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:122
- ^ Brown, Patricia Leigh (2022-12-11). "Indigenous Founders of a Museum Cafe Put Repatriation on the Menu". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- ^ a b "Tribal History". Confederated Villages of Lisjan. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
- ^ NoiseCat, Julian Brave (2018-03-22). "'It's About Taking Back What's Ours': Native Women Reclaim Land, Plot By Plot". HuffPost. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
References
[edit]- Beeler, Madison S. 1961. "Northern Costanoan." International Journal of American Linguistics 27: 191–197.
- Callaghan, Catherine A. 1997. "Evidence for Yok-Utian." International Journal of American Linguistics 63:18–64.
- Golla, Victor. 2007. "Linguistic Prehistory." California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, eds., pp. 71–82. New York: Altamira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0872-1.
- Levy 1978, cited in "Karkin". Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
- Milliken, Randall T. 1995. A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Region, 1769–1810. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press.
- Milliken, Randall T. 2008. Native Americans at Mission San Jose. Banning, CA: Malki-Ballena Press. ISBN 978-0-87919-147-4.
- Milliken, Randall; Shoup, Laurence H.; Ortiz, Beverly R.; Archaeological and Historical Consultants Oakland, California (June 2009). Ohlone/Costanoan Indians of the San Francisco Peninsula and their Neighbors, Yesterday and Today (PDF) (Report). National Park Service Golden Gate National Recreation Area, San Francisco, California. Retrieved 16 August 2021.