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{{More sources needed|date=May 2019}}
{{short description|Overview of the politics of the German state of Hesse}}
{{short description|Overview of the politics of the German state of Hesse}}
{{Politics of Germany}}
{{Politics of Germany}}
The '''politics of [[Hesse]]''' takes place within a framework of a [[Federal republic|federal]] parliamentary [[representative democratic]] [[republic]], where the [[Federal Government of Germany]] exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the [[states of Germany]] including [[Hesse]]. The state has a multi-party system where, as in most other states of former Western Germany and the federal level, the two main parties are the centre-right [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU) and the centre-left [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (SPD).
The '''politics of [[Hesse]]''' takes place within a framework of a [[Federal republic|federal]] parliamentary [[representative democratic]] [[republic]], where the [[Federal Government of Germany]] exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the [[states of Germany]] including [[Hesse]]. The state has a multi-party system where, as in most other states of former Western Germany and the federal level, the three main parties are the centre-right [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU), the far-right [[Alternative for Germany]] (AfD), and the centre-left [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (SPD).


==Governments==
==Governments of Hesse==


The governments and ministers-President (''Ministerpräsidenten'') of the [[People's State of Hesse]] during the time of the [[Weimar Republic]] were:
The governments and ministers-President (''Ministerpräsidenten'') of the [[People's State of Hesse]] during the time of the [[Weimar Republic]] were:
Line 36: Line 35:
Since 1950, the SPD has been in the Hesse government 45 years, the CDU for 28 years; the FDP acted as coalition partners with either CDU or SPD for 21 years (13 with SPD, 8 with CDU).
Since 1950, the SPD has been in the Hesse government 45 years, the CDU for 28 years; the FDP acted as coalition partners with either CDU or SPD for 21 years (13 with SPD, 8 with CDU).


==Landtag of Hesse==
==Elections==
===Party Strength in Landtag===
{{Main|2018 Hessian state election}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 0.9em;"
The [[Hesse state election of 2008]] for the state government ([[Landtag of Hesse]]) saw CDU support collapse, and it was widely assumed that the CDU would not participate in the new government. While outgoing CDU [[minister-president]] Roland Koch did lose his majority, the opposing parties were unable to form a coalition. [[Alliance '90/The Greens|The Greens]] and [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] rejected jointly sharing power with the CDU or SPD. This meant that the SPD and Greens needed to reach out to the new far-left [[The Left (Germany)|Left party]] bloc of Landtag members, something very unpopular with most SPD members.
! rowspan="3" |Election year
! rowspan="3" |Total<br>seats
! colspan="8" |Seats won <ref>https://hessischer-landtag.de/landtagswahlen</ref>
|-
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights|GB/BHE]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Alliance 90/The Greens|Grüne]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[The Left (Germany)|Linke]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Alternative for Germany|AfD]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |Other
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|The Left (Germany)}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Alternative for Germany}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[December 1946 Hessian state election|Dec 1946]]
!90
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |38
|28
|14
|
|
|
|
|10 {{Efn|[[Communist Party of Germany|KPD]]}}
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1950 Hessian state election|1950]]
!80
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |47
|12
|colspan=2|21
|A90
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1954 Hessian state election|1954]]
!96
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |44
|24
|21
|7
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1958 Hessian state election|1958]]
!96
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |48
|32
|9
|7
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1962 Hessian state election|1962]]
!96
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |51
|28
|11
|6
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1966 Hessian state election|1966]]
!96
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |52
|26
|10
|
|
|
|
|8 {{Efn|[[National Democratic Party of Germany|NDP]]}}
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1970 Hessian state election|1970]]
!110
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |53
|46
|11
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1974 Hessian state election|1974]]
!110
|49
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |53
|8
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1978 Hessian state election|1978]]
!110
|50
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |53
|7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1982 Hessian state election|1982]]
!110
|49
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |52
|
|
|9
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1983 Hessian state election|1983]]
!110
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |51
|44
|8
|
|7
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1987 Hessian state election|1987]]
!110
|44
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |47
|9
|
|10
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1991 Hessian state election|1991]]
!110
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |46
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |46
|8
|
|10
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1995 Hessian state election|1995]]
!110
|44
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |45
|8
|
|13
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1999 Hessian state election|1999]]
!110
|46
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |50
|6
|
|8
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[2003 Hessian state election|2003]]
!110
|33
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |56
|9
|
|12
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[2008 Hessian state election|2008]]
!110
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |42
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |42
|11
|
|9
|6
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[2009 Hessian state election|2009]]
!118
|29
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |46
|20
|
|17
|6
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[2013 Hessian state election|2013]]
!110
|37
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |47
|6
|
|14
|6
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[2018 Hessian state election|2018]]
!137
|29
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |40
|11
|
|29
|9
|19
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[2023 Hessian state election|2023]]
!133
|23
| style="background:#d1ffbd; |52
|8
|
|22
|
|28
|
|}


===State Landtag Compositions===
After two unsuccessful attempts to form a coalition from SPD and Greens with support from The Left, all parties except the SPD agreed to dissolve the parliament and call for early elections in January 2009. These were held, and popular anger at the bungling of the SPD delivered enough seats to form a new CDU-FDP coalition.
==State Politics Map==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:1991 Hessian state election.svg|[[1991 Hessian state election]], Red is SPD, Black is CDU,
December 1946 Hessian Landtag.svg|1st Landtag, following [[December 1946 Hessian state election|December 1946 election]]
File:1995 Hessian state election.svg|[[1995 Hessian state election]], Red is SPD, Black is CDU,
1950 Hessian Landtag.svg|2nd Landtag, following [[1950 Hessian state election|1950 election]]
File:1999 Hessian state election.svg|[[1999 Hessian state election]], Red is SPD, Black is CDU,
1954 Hessian Landtag.svg|3rd Landtag, following [[1954 Hessian state election|1954 election]]
File:2003 Hessian state election.svg|[[2003 Hessian state election]], Red is SPD, Black is CDU,
1958 Hessian Landtag.svg|4th Landtag, following [[1958 Hessian state election|1958 election]]
File:2008 Hessian state election.svg|[[2008 Hessian state election]], Red is SPD, Black is CDU,
1962 Hessian Landtag.svg|5th Landtag, following [[1962 Hessian state election|1962 election]]
File:2009 Hessian state election.svg|[[2009 Hessian state election]], Red is SPD, Black is CDU,
1966 Hessian Landtag.svg|6th Landtag, following [[1966 Hessian state election|1966 election]]
File:2013 Hessian state election.svg|[[2013 Hessian state election]], Red is SPD, Black is CDU,
1970 Hessian Landtag.svg|7th Landtag, following [[1970 Hessian state election|1970 election]]
File:Hesse State Election 2018.svg|[[2018 Hessian state election]], Red is SPD, Black is CDU,
1974 Hessian Landtag.svg|8th Landtag, following [[1974 Hessian state election|1974 election]]
File:Hesse State Election 2023.svg|[[2023 Hessian state election]], Black is CDU,
1978 Hessian Landtag.svg|9th Landtag, following [[1978 Hessian state election|1978 election]]
1982 Hessian Landtag.svg|10th Landtag, following [[1982 Hessian state election|1982 election]]
1983 Hessian Landtag.svg|11th Landtag, following [[1983 Hessian state election|1983 election]]
1987 Hessian Landtag.svg|12th Landtag, following [[1987 Hessian state election|1987 election]]
1991 Hessian Landtag.svg|13th Landtag, following [[1991 Hessian state election|1991 election]]
1995 Hessian Landtag.svg|14th Landtag, following [[1995 Hessian state election|1995 election]]
1999 Hessian Landtag.svg|15th Landtag, following [[1999 Hessian state election|1999 election]]
2003 Hessian Landtag.svg|16th Landtag, following [[2003 Hessian state election|2003 election]]
2008 Hessian Landtag.svg|17th Landtag, following [[2008 Hessian state election|2008 election]]
2009 Hessian Landtag.svg|18th Landtag, following [[2009 Hessian state election|2009 election]]
2013 Hessian Landtag.svg|19th Landtag, following [[2013 Hessian state election|2013 election]]
2018 Hessian Landtag.svg|20th Landtag, following [[2018 Hessian state election|2018 election]]
Hesse Parlamento 2023.svg|21st Landtag, following [[2023 Hessian state election|2023 election]]
</gallery>
</gallery>

===State Election Results Maps===
<gallery>
File:December 1946 Hessian state election.svg|[[December 1946 Hessian state election]]
File:1950 Hessian state election.svg|[[1950 Hessian state election]]
File:1954 Hessian state election.svg|[[1954 Hessian state election]]
File:1958 Hessian state election.svg|[[1958 Hessian state election]]
File:1962 Hessian state election.svg|[[1962 Hessian state election]]
File:1966 Hessian state election.svg|[[1966 Hessian state election]]
File:1970 Hessian state election.svg|[[1970 Hessian state election]]
File:1974 Hessian state election.svg|[[1974 Hessian state election]]
File:1978 Hessian state election.svg|[[1978 Hessian state election]]
File:1982 Hessian state election.svg|[[1982 Hessian state election]]
File:1983 Hessian state election.svg|[[1983 Hessian state election]]
File:1987 Hessian state election.svg|[[1987 Hessian state election]]
File:1991 Hessian state election.svg|[[1991 Hessian state election]]
File:1995 Hessian state election.svg|[[1995 Hessian state election]]
File:1999 Hessian state election.svg|[[1999 Hessian state election]]
File:2003 Hessian state election.svg|[[2003 Hessian state election]]
File:2008 Hessian state election.svg|[[2008 Hessian state election]]
File:2009 Hessian state election.svg|[[2009 Hessian state election]]
File:2013 Hessian state election.svg|[[2013 Hessian state election]]
File:Hesse State Election 2018.svg|[[2018 Hessian state election]]
File:Hesse State Election 2023.svg|[[2023 Hessian state election]]
</gallery>

===Constituencies in the Landtag===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Kassel-Land I]] (01)
* [[Kassel-Land II]] (02)
* [[Kassel-Stadt I]] (03)
* [[Kassel-Stadt II]] (04)
* [[Waldeck-Frankenberg I]] (05)
* [[Waldeck-Frankenberg II]] (06)
* [[Schwalm-Eder I]] (07)
* [[Schwalm-Eder II]] (08)
* [[Eschwege-Witzenhausen (electoral district)|Eschwege-Witzenhausen]] (09)
* [[Rotenburg (electoral district)|Rotenburg]] (10)
* [[Hersfeld (electoral district)|Hersfeld]] (11)
* [[Marburg-Biedenkopf I]] (12)
* [[Marburg-Biedenkopf II]] (13)
* [[Fulda I]] (14)
* [[Fulda II]] (15)
* [[Lahn-Dill I]] (16)
* [[Lahn-Dill II]] (17)
* [[Gießen I]] (18)
* [[Gießen II]] (19)
* [[Vogelsberg (electoral district)|Vogelsberg]] (20)
* [[Limburg-Weilburg I]] (21)
* [[Limburg-Weilburg II]] (22)
* [[Hochtaunus I]] (23)
* [[Hochtaunus II]] (24)
* [[Wetterau I (Landtag electoral district)|Wetterau I]] (25)
* [[Wetterau II]] (26)
* [[Wetterau III]] (27)
* [[Rheingau-Taunus I]] (28)
* [[Rheingau-Taunus II]] (29)
* [[Wiesbaden I]] (30)
* [[Wiesbaden II]] (31)
* [[Main-Taunus I]] (32)
* [[Main-Taunus II]] (33)
* [[Frankfurt am Main I (Landtag electoral district)|Frankfurt am Main I]] (34)
* [[Frankfurt am Main II (Landtag electoral district)|Frankfurt am Main II]] (35)
* [[Frankfurt am Main III (Landtag electoral district)| Frankfurt am Main III]] (36)
* [[Frankfurt am Main IV (Landtag electoral district)| Frankfurt am Main IV]] (37)
* [[Frankfurt am Main V (Landtag electoral district)| Frankfurt am Main V]] (38)
* [[Frankfurt am Main VI (Landtag electoral district)|Frankfurt am Main VI]] (39)
* [[Main-Kinzig I]] (40)
* [[Main-Kinzig II]] (41)
* [[Main-Kinzig III]] (42)
* [[Offenbach-Stadt]] (43)
* [[Offenbach Land I]] (44)
* [[Offenbach Land II]] (45)
* [[Offenbach Land III]] (46)
* [[Groß-Gerau I]] (47)
* [[Groß-Gerau II]] (48)
* [[Darmstadt-Stadt I]] (49)
* [[Darmstadt-Stadt II]] (50)
* [[Darmstadt-Dieburg I]] (51)
* [[Darmstadt-Dieburg II]] (52)
* [[Odenwald (Landtag electoral district)|Odenwald]] (53)
* [[Bergstraße I]] (54)
* [[Bergstraße II]] (55)
{{div col end}}

==Constituencies in the Bundestag==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!colspan=2|No!!Constituency!!Member
!2021!!Voters!!2017!!2013!!2009!!2005!!2002!!1998!!1994!!1990
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 166
| [[Waldeck (electoral district)|Waldeck]]
| [[Esther Dilcher]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 184,073
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 167
| [[Kassel (electoral district)|Kassel]]
| [[Timon Gremmels]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 218,474
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 168
| [[Werra-Meißner – Hersfeld-Rotenburg]]
| [[Michael Roth (politician)|Michael Roth]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 171,886
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
|colspan=3|Created for 2002 election
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 169
| [[Schwalm-Eder]]
| [[Edgar Franke]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 185,944
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 170
| [[Marburg (electoral district)|Marburg]]
| [[Sören Bartol]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 181,588
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 171
| [[Lahn-Dill]]
| [[Dagmar Schmidt]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 206,532
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" |
| 172
| [[Gießen (electoral district)|Gießen]]
| [[Felix Döring]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 217,514
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" |
| 173
| [[Fulda (electoral district)|Fulda]]
| [[Michael Brand (politician)|Michael Brand]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| {{font color|white|CDU}}
| 208,542
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 174
| [[Main-Kinzig – Wetterau II – Schotten]]
| [[Bettina Müller (politician)|Bettina Müller]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| 178,307
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|colspan=6|Created for 2013 election
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" |
| 175
| [[Hochtaunus]]
| [[Markus Koob]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| {{font color|white|CDU}}
| 179,842
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 176
| [[Wetterau I]]
| [[Natalie Pawlik]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 176,897
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" |
| 177
| [[Rheingau-Taunus – Limburg]]
| [[Klaus-Peter Willsch]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| {{font color|white|CDU}}
| 220,466
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" |
| 178
| [[Wiesbaden (electoral district)|Wiesbaden]]
| [[Ingmar Jung]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| {{font color|white|CDU}}
| 186,735
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 179
| [[Hanau (electoral district)|Hanau]]
| [[Lennard Oehl]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 176,271
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" |
| 180
| [[Main-Taunus]]
| [[Norbert Altenkamp]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| {{font color|white|CDU}}
| 195,514
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|colspan=3|Created for 2002 election
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 181
| [[Frankfurt am Main I]]
| [[Armand Zorn]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 201,216
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}" |
| 182
| [[Frankfurt am Main II]]
| [[Omid Nouripour]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}" | [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Grüne]]
| 227,207
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 183
| [[Groß-Gerau (electoral district)|Groß-Gerau]]
| [[Melanie Wegling]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 174,082
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" |
| 184
| [[Offenbach (electoral district)|Offenbach]]
| [[Björn Simon]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| 219,511
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 185
| [[Darmstadt (electoral district)|Darmstadt]]
| [[Andreas Larem]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 240,763
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" |
| 186
| [[Odenwald (electoral district)|Odenwald]]
| [[Jens Zimmermann (politician)|Jens Zimmermann]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| 233,901
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" |
| 187
| [[Bergstraße (electoral district)|Bergstraße]]
| [[Michael Meister]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| {{font color|white|CDU}}
| 197,782
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| SPD
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | {{font color|white|CDU}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|}


==See also==
==See also==
Line 61: Line 734:
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{notelist}}



{{Politics of Germany by state}}
{{Politics of Germany by state}}

Latest revision as of 03:28, 18 October 2024

This article is part of a series on the
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The politics of Hesse takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the Federal Government of Germany exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the states of Germany including Hesse. The state has a multi-party system where, as in most other states of former Western Germany and the federal level, the three main parties are the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD), and the centre-left Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

Governments of Hesse

[edit]

The governments and ministers-President (Ministerpräsidenten) of the People's State of Hesse during the time of the Weimar Republic were:

  1. 1919–1928: Center-right government, an SPD–DDP–Zentrum coalition led by Carl Ulrich (SPD) as minister-president
  2. 1928–1933: Center-right government, an SPD–DDP–Zentrum coalition led by Bernhard Adelung (SPD) as minister-president

The governments of the National Socialist era:

  1. 1933: National Socialist government with Ferdinand Werner (NSDAP) as minister-president
  2. 1933–1935: National Socialist government with Philipp Wilhelm Jung (NSDAP) as minister-president
  3. 1935–1945: National Socialist government with Jakob Sprenger (NSDAP) as minister-president

The governments and minister-Presidents of Hesse since the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany:

  1. 1945: Military occupation provisional government led by Ludwig Bergsträsser(SPD), appointed by the U.S. Military
  2. 1945–1946: Military occupation provisional government led by Karl Geiler (no party), appointed by the U.S. military
  3. 1946–1950: Theoretically a CDU–SPD grand coalition with Christian Stock (SPD) as minister-president, though U.S. Military Occupation remained through 1949.
  4. 1950–1969: First truly non-military government of the Federal Republic, led by Georg-August Zinn (SPD), whose SPD ruled in coalition with the All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights, a party of expelled eastern Germans whose political goal was to retrieve their homelands (heimatlaender); and also with the League of Expellees' successors party the Gesamtdeutsche Partei.
  5. 1969–1976: Center-left government of the SPD-FDP, with Albert Osswald (SPD) as minister-president
  6. 1976–1982: Center-left government of the SPD-FDP continued with Holger Börner (SPD) as minister-president.
  7. 1982–1984: Center-left government of the SPD (single party rule) with Holger Börner (SPD) as minister-president.
  8. 1984–1987: Center-left government of the SPD–Greens with Holger Börner (SPD) as minister-president.
  9. 1987–1991: Center-right government of the CDU–FDP with Walter Wallmann (CDU) as minister-president.
  10. 1991–1999: Center-left government of the SPD–Greens with Hans Eichel (SPD) as minister-president.
  11. 1999–2003: Center-right government of the CDU–FDP with Roland Koch (CDU) as minister-president.
  12. 2003–2009: Center-right government of the CDU (single party rule) with Roland Koch (CDU) as minister-president.
  13. 2009–2010: Center-right government of the CDU-FDP with Roland Koch (CDU) as minister-president.
  14. 2010–2014: Center-right government of the CDU–FDP with Volker Bouffier (CDU) as minister-president.
  15. 2014–2019: Center-right government of the CDU–Greens with Volker Bouffier (CDU) as minister-president.
  16. 2019–2022: Center-right government of the CDU–Greens with Volker Bouffier (CDU) as minister-president. Bouffier resigned in 2022, thus prematurely ending his third term serving as minister-president.
  17. 2022–present: Center-right government of the CDU–Greens with Boris Rhein (CDU) as minister-president.[1]

Since 1950, the SPD has been in the Hesse government 45 years, the CDU for 28 years; the FDP acted as coalition partners with either CDU or SPD for 21 years (13 with SPD, 8 with CDU).

Landtag of Hesse

[edit]

Party Strength in Landtag

[edit]
Election year Total
seats 		Seats won [2]
SPD CDU FDP GB/BHE Grüne Linke AfD Other
Dec 1946 90 38 28 14 10 [a]
1950 80 47 12 21 A90
1954 96 44 24 21 7
1958 96 48 32 9 7
1962 96 51 28 11 6
1966 96 52 26 10 8 [b]
1970 110 53 46 11
1974 110 49 53 8
1978 110 50 53 7
1982 110 49 52 9
1983 110 51 44 8 7
1987 110 44 47 9 10
1991 110 46 46 8 10
1995 110 44 45 8 13
1999 110 46 50 6 8
2003 110 33 56 9 12
2008 110 42 42 11 9 6
2009 118 29 46 20 17 6
2013 110 37 47 6 14 6
2018 137 29 40 11 29 9 19
2023 133 23 52 8 22 28

State Landtag Compositions

[edit]

State Election Results Maps

[edit]

Constituencies in the Landtag

[edit]

Constituencies in the Bundestag

[edit]
No Constituency Member 2021 Voters 2017 2013 2009 2005 2002 1998 1994 1990
166 Waldeck Esther Dilcher SPD 184,073 SPD CDU SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD
167 Kassel Timon Gremmels SPD 218,474 SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD
168 Werra-Meißner – Hersfeld-Rotenburg Michael Roth SPD 171,886 SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD Created for 2002 election
169 Schwalm-Eder Edgar Franke SPD 185,944 SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD
170 Marburg Sören Bartol SPD 181,588 SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD CDU
171 Lahn-Dill Dagmar Schmidt SPD 206,532 CDU CDU CDU SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD
172 Gießen Felix Döring SPD 217,514 CDU CDU CDU SPD SPD SPD SPD SPD
173 Fulda Michael Brand CDU 208,542 CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU
174 Main-Kinzig – Wetterau II – Schotten Bettina Müller SPD 178,307 CDU CDU Created for 2013 election
175 Hochtaunus Markus Koob CDU 179,842 CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU
176 Wetterau I Natalie Pawlik SPD 176,897 CDU CDU CDU SPD SPD SPD CDU CDU
177 Rheingau-Taunus – Limburg Klaus-Peter Willsch CDU 220,466 CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU
178 Wiesbaden Ingmar Jung CDU 186,735 CDU CDU CDU SPD SPD SPD CDU CDU
179 Hanau Lennard Oehl SPD 176,271 CDU CDU CDU SPD SPD SPD CDU CDU
180 Main-Taunus Norbert Altenkamp CDU 195,514 CDU CDU CDU CDU CDU Created for 2002 election
181 Frankfurt am Main I Armand Zorn SPD 201,216 CDU CDU CDU SPD SPD CDU CDU CDU
182 Frankfurt am Main II Omid Nouripour Grüne 227,207 CDU CDU CDU CDU SPD SPD CDU CDU
183 Groß-Gerau Melanie Wegling SPD 174,082 CDU CDU CDU SPD SPD SPD CDU SPD
184 Offenbach Björn Simon CDU 219,511 CDU CDU CDU CDU SPD SPD CDU CDU
185 Darmstadt Andreas Larem SPD 240,763 CDU SPD SPD SPD SPD CDU SPD
186 Odenwald Jens Zimmermann SPD 233,901 CDU CDU CDU CDU SPD SPD CDU CDU
187 Bergstraße Michael Meister CDU 197,782 CDU CDU CDU CDU SPD SPD CDU CDU

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Landtag – Wechsel an Regierungsspitze: Boris Rhein Ministerpräsident". www.zeit.de. Archived from the original on 2023-03-17. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  2. ^ https://hessischer-landtag.de/landtagswahlen
  1. ^ KPD
  2. ^ NDP


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