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{{short description|Abbasid Caliphate scholar}}
{{Short description|10th-century scholar of Abbasid era}}
{{Infobox scholar
{{Infobox scholar
| name = Qudama ibn Ja'far al-Katib al-Baghdadi
| name = Qudama ibn Ja'far al-Katib al-Baghdadi
| birth_date = 873/874
| birth_date = 873/874
| birth_place = Basra?
| birth_place = Basra?
| death_date = ca.932/948
| death_date = c. 932/948
| death_place = Baghdad?
| death_place = Baghdad?
| era = [[Islamic Golden Age]]
| era = [[Islamic Golden Age]] <br> ([[Abbasid dynasty|Abbasid era]])
⚫
| school_tradition = Islamic ([[Sunni]])
| region = [[Muslim world|Islamic civilization]]
⚫
| school_tradition = Sunni Islam convert
| main_interests = [[Islamic geography]], [[Land Tax]], [[Philosophy]], [[History]], [[Administration (government)|Administration]]
| main_interests = [[Islamic geography]], [[Land Tax]], [[Philosophy]], [[History]], [[Administration (government)|Administration]]
| notable_ideas = {{Unbulleted list|}}
| notable_ideas =
| major_works = ''Book of Land Tax and Art of the Secretary''
| major_works = ''Book of Land Tax and Art of the Secretary''
| influences =
| influences =
| influenced =
| influenced =
}}
}}

'''Qudama ibn Ja'far al-Katib al-Baghdadi''' ({{lang-ar|قدامة بن جعفر الكاتب البغدادي}}; ca. 873 – ca. 932/948), was a [[Assyrian people|Syriac]] scholar and administrator for the [[Abbasid Caliphate]].
'''Qudāma ibn Jaʿfar al-Kātib al-Baghdādī''' ({{langx|ar|قدامة بن جعفر الكاتب البغدادي}}; c. 873 – c. 932/948), was a [[Assyrian people|Syriac]] scholar and administrator for the [[Abbasid Caliphate]].


==Life==
==Life==


Little is known with certainty about Qudama's life and work. He was probably born ca. 873/874, possibly at [[Basra]]. His grandfather was a [[Syriac Christian]]. Whether it was his grandfather, or he himself, who converted to [[Islam]] under Muktafi bi-Allah in ca. 902–908 is unclear.{{sfn|Dodge|loc=Vol.1|p=285, n.145}} Ibn al-Nadim described him as a master of literary style, a polished writer and distinguished philosopher of Logic despite having an uneducated father.{{sfn|Dodge|loc=Vol.1|p=285}}
Little is known with certainty about Qudama's life and work. He was probably born ca. 873/874, possibly at [[Basra]]. His grandfather was a [[Syriac Christian]]. Whether it was his grandfather, or he himself, who converted to [[Islam]] under [[Al-Muktafi|al-Muktafi bi-Allah]] in ca. 902–908 is unclear.{{sfn|Dodge|1970|loc=Vol.1|p=285, n.145}} Ibn al-Nadim described him as a master of literary style, a polished writer and distinguished philosopher of Logic despite having an uneducated father.{{sfn|Dodge|1970|loc=Vol.1|p=285}}
He held various junior administrative positions in the caliphal secretariat in [[Baghdad]], and eventually rose to a senior post the treasury department. Various dates for his death have been supplied, ranging from 932 to 939/940 and 948.<ref>Bonebakker (1986), pp. 318–320</ref><ref>Kazhdan (1991), p. 1766</ref>
He held various junior administrative positions in the caliphal secretariat in [[Baghdad]], and eventually rose to a senior post the treasury department. Various dates for his death have been supplied, ranging from 932 to 939/940 and 948.<ref>Bonebakker (1986), pp. 318–320</ref><ref>Kazhdan (1991), p. 1766</ref>


==Works==
==Works==
Of his several books on philosophy, history, philology, and administration, only three survive:
Of his several books on philosophy, history, philology, and administration, only three survive:
* the ''Kitab al-Kharaj'' ({{lang|ar|كتاب الخراج}} -the ''Book of the [[kharaj|Land Tax]]'', in full form ''Book of the Land Tax and the Art of the Secretary''), for which Qudama is chiefly known. The last four sections of the original eight{{refn|group=n|Al-Fihrist indicates that Qudama added a ninth section, however the [[Chester Beatty|Beatty]] [[Manuscript|MS]] contains a marginal note, perhaps a correction; "seven stages to which he added an eighth"{{sfn|Dodge|loc=I|p=285, n.147}}}}, survives. It was written after 928 as a manual for administrators, and deals with the structure of the state and the army, as well with geographic details, including valuable accounts on the Caliphate's neighbours, especially the [[Byzantine Empire]]. It also included a now lost section on literary rhetoric.<ref name="EI2-320">Bonebakker (1986), p. 320</ref><ref>Kazhdan (1991), pp. 1766–1767</ref>
* the ''Kitab al-Kharaj'' ({{lang|ar|كتاب الخراج}} -the ''Book of the [[kharaj|Land Tax]]'', in full form ''Book of the Land Tax and the Art of the Secretary''), for which Qudama is chiefly known. The last four sections of the original eight{{refn|group=n|Al-Fihrist indicates that Qudama added a ninth section, however the [[Chester Beatty|Beatty]] [[Manuscript|MS]] contains a marginal note, perhaps a correction; "seven stages to which he added an eighth"{{sfn|Dodge|1970|loc=Vol.1|p=285, n.147}}}}, survives. It was written after 928 as a manual for administrators, and deals with the structure of the state and the army, as well with geographic details, including valuable accounts on the Caliphate's neighbours, especially the [[Byzantine Empire]]. It also included a now lost section on literary rhetoric.<ref name="EI2-320">Bonebakker (1986), p. 320</ref><ref>Kazhdan (1991), pp. 1766–1767</ref>
* the ''Kitab al-Alfaz'' (''Book of Words'') or ''Jawahir al-Alfaz'' (''Jewels of Words''), a compilation of synonyms and phrases for the use of poets and orators, as well as containing an introduction on the figures of speech.<ref name="EI2-320"/>
* the ''Kitab al-Alfaz'' (''Book of Words'') or ''Jawahir al-Alfaz'' (''Jewels of Words''), a compilation of synonyms and phrases for the use of poets and orators, as well as containing an introduction on the figures of speech.<ref name="EI2-320"/>
* the ''Kitab Naqd al-shi'r'' ({{lang|ar|كتاب نقد الشعر}} -''Book on Poetic Criticism''), an essay and guide on composing good [[poetry]].<ref>Bonebakker (1986), pp. 320–321</ref>
* the ''Kitab Naqd al-Shi'r'' ({{lang|ar|كتاب نقد الشعر}} -''Book on Poetic Criticism''), an essay and guide on composing good [[poetry]].<ref>Bonebakker (1986), pp. 320–321</ref>
* The Cleanser ("Sabun" or "soap")of Sorrow ({{lang|ar|كتاب صابرن الغمّ}})
* The Cleanser ("Sabun" or "soap")of Sorrow ({{lang|ar|كتاب صابون الغمّ}})
* Dismissal of Anxiety ({{lang|ar|كتاب جلاء الحزن}})
* Dismissal of Anxiety ({{lang|ar|كتاب جلاء الحزن}})
* Epistle about Abu 'Ali ibn Muqlah known as "The Brilliant Star" ({{lang|ar|كتاب رسالتة في ابى على ابن مقلة ويعرف بالخجم الثاقب}})
* Epistle about Abu 'Ali ibn Muqlah known as "The Brilliant Star" ({{lang|ar|كتاب الرسالة في أبي علي بن مقلة وتعرف بالنجم الثاقب}})
* Withstanding Grief ({{lang|ar|كتاب صَرف الهمّ}})
* Withstanding Grief ({{lang|ar|كتاب صَرف الهمّ}})
* Wines of Thought ({{lang|ar|كتاب درياق الفكر فيما عاب به أبا تمام}}){{refn|group=n|[[Alfred Chester Beatty|Beatty]] garbled but [[Gustav Leberecht Flügel|Flügel]] and [[Yaqut al-Hamawi|Yaqut]] give "daryaq" , i.e. [[theriac]] or [[theurgy]]{{sfn|Dodge|loc=I|p-285, n.150}}}}
* Wines of Thought ({{lang|ar|كتاب درياق الفكر فيما عاب به أبا تمام}}){{refn|group=n|[[Alfred Chester Beatty|Beatty]] garbled but [[Gustav Leberecht Flügel|Flügel]] and [[Yaqut al-Hamawi|Yaqut]] give "daryaq", i.e. [[theriac]] or [[theurgy]]{{sfn|Dodge|1970|loc=Vol.1|p=285, n.150}}}}
* Book of Unconsciousness ({{lang|ar|كتاب جلاء الحزن}})
* Book of Unconsciousness ({{lang|ar|كتاب جلاء الحزن}})
* Book of Politics ({{lang|ar|كتاب السياسة}})
* Book of Politics ({{lang|ar|كتاب السياسة}})
* Refutation of [[Ibn al-Mu'tazz]] ({{lang|ar|كتاب الردّ على ابن المعتز}})
* Refutation of [[Ibn al-Mu'tazz]] ({{lang|ar|كتاب الردّ على ابن المعتز}})
* The Pleasure of Hearts and the Provision of the Traveller ({{lang|ar|كتاب صناعة الجدل كتاب نزهة القلوب وزاد المسافر}})
* The Pleasure of Hearts and the Provision of the Traveller ({{lang|ar|كتاب صناعة الجدل وكتاب نزهة القلوب وزاد المسافر}})
To Ibn Jaʿfar was once also attributed the ''Naqd al-nathr'', now known to be the ''Kitāb al-Burhān fī wujūh al-bayān'' of [[Ibrāhīm ibn Wahb al-Kātib]].<ref>P. Shinar, “Ibn Wahb”, in ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'', 2nd edn ed. by P. Bearman and others, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960-2005), {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8678}}.</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 45: Line 46:


==Sources==
==Sources==
*{{EI2 | volume=5 | article=Kudāma | first = S.E. | last = Bonebakker | pages = 318–322}}
*{{EI2 | volume=5 | article=Kudāma | first = S.E. | last = Bonebakker | pages = 318–322 |ref=none}}
* {{citation | editor-first = Alexander | editor-last = Kazhdan |editor-link=Alexander Kazhdan | title = [[Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium]] | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-19-504652-6}}
* {{citation | editor-first = Alexander | editor-last = Kazhdan |editor-link=Alexander Kazhdan | title = [[Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium]] | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-19-504652-6 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book|last=[[Al-Masudi|Masudi (al-)]]|first=Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn|title=Kitab Muruj al-Dhahab wa-Ma'adin al-Jawhar (Les Prairies d'or)|translator=Bernard de Meynard & P de Courteille| publisher=Imprimerie nationale|place=Paris| year=1871|volume=1|page=17}}
* {{cite book|last=Masudi (al-)|author-link=Al-Masudi|first=Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn|title=Kitab Muruj al-Dhahab wa-Ma'adin al-Jawhar (Les Prairies d'or)|translator=Bernard de Meynard & P de Courteille| publisher=Imprimerie nationale|place=Paris| year=1871|volume=1|page=17 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book|last=[[Al-Nadim|Nadim (al-)]]| first=Ishaq ibn|editor-last=[[Bayard Dodge|Dodge]]|editor-first=Bayard|title=The Fihrist of al-Nadim A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture|publisher=Columbia University Press|place=New York & London| year=1970|volume=2}}
* {{cite book|last=Nadim (al-)|author-link=Al-Nadim| first=Ishaq ibn|editor-last=Dodge|editor-first=Bayard |editor-link=Bayard Dodge |title=The Fihrist of al-Nadim A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture|publisher=Columbia University Press|place=New York & London| year=1970|volume=1 |url=https://archive.org/details/fihristofalnadim0000unse |ref={{sfnref|Dodge|1970}} }}
* {{cite book|last=[[Ibn Taghribirdi|Taghri-Birdi]]|first=Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf|title=Al-Nujum al-Zahirah fi Muluk Misr wa-al-Qahirah|editor-last=Popper| editor-first=William|publisher=Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyah|place=Cairo |volume=III|pages=297–298}}
* {{cite book|last=Taghri-Birdi|author-link=Ibn Taghribirdi|first=Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf|title=Al-Nujum al-Zahirah fi Muluk Misr wa-al-Qahirah|editor-last=Popper| editor-first=William|publisher=Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyah|place=Cairo |volume=III|pages=297–298 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book|last=[[Yaqut al-Hamawi|Yaqut]]|first=Shihab ak-Din ibn 'Abd Allah al-Hamawi| title=Irshad al-Arib ala Ma'rifat al-Adib| editor-last=[[David Samuel Margoliouth|Margoliouth]] |editor-first=D.S.|publisher=[[Brill publishers|Brill]]|place=[[Leiden]]|orig-year=1907|year=1927}}
* {{cite book|last=Yaqut|author-link=Yaqut al-Hamawi|first=Shihab al-Din ibn 'Abd Allah al-Hamawi| title=Irshad al-Arib ala Ma'rifat al-Adib| editor-last=[[David Samuel Margoliouth|Margoliouth]] |editor-first=D.S.|publisher=[[Brill publishers|Brill]]|place=[[Leiden]]|orig-year=1907|year=1927 |ref=none}}


{{Islamic geography}}
{{Islamic geography}}
{{Arabic literature}}
{{Arabic literature}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Qudama Ibn Jafar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Qudama Ibn Ja'far}}
[[Category:873 births]]
[[Category:870s births]]
[[Category:932 deaths]]
[[Category:10th-century deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Year of death uncertain]]
[[Category:9th-century geographers]]
[[Category:9th-century geographers]]
[[Category:9th-century scholars]]
[[Category:9th-century scholars]]
[[Category:9th-century writers]]
[[Category:9th-century writers]]
[[Category:10th-century geographers]]
[[Category:10th-century Iranian geographers]]
[[Category:10th-century scholars]]
[[Category:10th-century scholars]]
[[Category:10th-century writers]]
[[Category:10th-century writers]]
[[Category:Abbasid officials]]
[[Category:Officials of the Abbasid Caliphate]]
[[Category:Arab geographers]]
[[Category:Arab geographers]]
[[Category:Abbasid scholars]]
[[Category:Scholars from the Abbasid Caliphate]]
[[Category:Arabists]]
[[Category:Arabists]]
⚫
[[Category:Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate]]
[[Category:People from Basra]]
[[Category:People from Basra]]
[[Category:Syriac writers]]
[[Category:Syriac writers]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam from Christianity]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam from Christianity]]
[[Category:10th-century Abbasid people]]
[[Category:10th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate]]
[[Category:10th-century government officials]]
⚫
[[Category:9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate]]

Latest revision as of 08:47, 22 October 2024

Qudama ibn Ja'far al-Katib al-Baghdadi
Born873/874
Basra?
Diedc. 932/948
Baghdad?
Academic work
EraIslamic Golden Age
(Abbasid era)
School or traditionIslamic (Sunni)
Main interestsIslamic geography, Land Tax, Philosophy, History, Administration
Notable worksBook of Land Tax and Art of the Secretary

Qudāma ibn Jaʿfar al-Kātib al-Baghdādī (Arabic: قدامة بن جعفر الكاتب البغدادي; c. 873 – c. 932/948), was a Syriac scholar and administrator for the Abbasid Caliphate.

Life

[edit]

Little is known with certainty about Qudama's life and work. He was probably born ca. 873/874, possibly at Basra. His grandfather was a Syriac Christian. Whether it was his grandfather, or he himself, who converted to Islam under al-Muktafi bi-Allah in ca. 902–908 is unclear.[1] Ibn al-Nadim described him as a master of literary style, a polished writer and distinguished philosopher of Logic despite having an uneducated father.[2] He held various junior administrative positions in the caliphal secretariat in Baghdad, and eventually rose to a senior post the treasury department. Various dates for his death have been supplied, ranging from 932 to 939/940 and 948.[3][4]

Works

[edit]

Of his several books on philosophy, history, philology, and administration, only three survive:

  • the Kitab al-Kharaj (كتاب الخراج -the Book of the Land Tax, in full form Book of the Land Tax and the Art of the Secretary), for which Qudama is chiefly known. The last four sections of the original eight[n 1], survives. It was written after 928 as a manual for administrators, and deals with the structure of the state and the army, as well with geographic details, including valuable accounts on the Caliphate's neighbours, especially the Byzantine Empire. It also included a now lost section on literary rhetoric.[6][7]
  • the Kitab al-Alfaz (Book of Words) or Jawahir al-Alfaz (Jewels of Words), a compilation of synonyms and phrases for the use of poets and orators, as well as containing an introduction on the figures of speech.[6]
  • the Kitab Naqd al-Shi'r (كتاب نقد الشعر -Book on Poetic Criticism), an essay and guide on composing good poetry.[8]
  • The Cleanser ("Sabun" or "soap")of Sorrow (كتاب صابون الغمّ)
  • Dismissal of Anxiety (كتاب جلاء الحزن)
  • Epistle about Abu 'Ali ibn Muqlah known as "The Brilliant Star" (كتاب الرسالة في أبي علي بن مقلة وتعرف بالنجم الثاقب)
  • Withstanding Grief (كتاب صَرف الهمّ)
  • Wines of Thought (كتاب درياق الفكر فيما عاب به أبا تمام)[n 2]
  • Book of Unconsciousness (كتاب جلاء الحزن)
  • Book of Politics (كتاب السياسة)
  • Refutation of Ibn al-Mu'tazz (كتاب الردّ على ابن المعتز)
  • The Pleasure of Hearts and the Provision of the Traveller (كتاب صناعة الجدل وكتاب نزهة القلوب وزاد المسافر)

To Ibn Jaʿfar was once also attributed the Naqd al-nathr, now known to be the Kitāb al-Burhān fī wujūh al-bayān of Ibrāhīm ibn Wahb al-Kātib.[10]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Al-Fihrist indicates that Qudama added a ninth section, however the Beatty MS contains a marginal note, perhaps a correction; "seven stages to which he added an eighth"[5]
  2. ^ Beatty garbled but Flügel and Yaqut give "daryaq", i.e. theriac or theurgy[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Dodge 1970, p. 285, n.145, Vol.1.
  2. ^ Dodge 1970, p. 285, Vol.1.
  3. ^ Bonebakker (1986), pp. 318–320
  4. ^ Kazhdan (1991), p. 1766
  5. ^ Dodge 1970, p. 285, n.147, Vol.1.
  6. ^ a b Bonebakker (1986), p. 320
  7. ^ Kazhdan (1991), pp. 1766–1767
  8. ^ Bonebakker (1986), pp. 320–321
  9. ^ Dodge 1970, p. 285, n.150, Vol.1.
  10. ^ P. Shinar, “Ibn Wahb”, in Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edn ed. by P. Bearman and others, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960-2005), doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8678.

Sources

[edit]
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