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[[File:Karuna Ratna Tuladhar.jpg|thumb|200px|Karuna Ratna Tuladhar in 1964]]
[[File:Karuna ratna tuladhar.jpg|thumb|Karuna Ratna Tuladhar in 1963]]
[[File:Chevrolet bus of Nepal Transport Service.jpg|thumb|200px|1959 model Chevrolet Viking bus of Nepal Transport Service shown in 1961.]]
[[File:Chevrolet bus of Nepal Transport Service.jpg|thumb|1959 model Chevrolet Viking bus of Nepal Transport Service shown in 1961.]]
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Karuna ratna lupau ratna tuladhar stamp.jpg|thumb|Postage stamp showing Karuna Ratna and Lupau Ratna Tuladhar issued in 2012.]] -->
'''Karuna Ratna Tuladhar''' ([[Devanagari]]: करुणा रत्न तुलाधर) (23 October 1920 – 19 July 2008) was a pioneer of Nepalese public transport.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thenewah.blogsome.com/2008/07/20/first-motorcycle-importer-lhasa-newah-passes-away/ |title=First motorcycle importer to Tibet, Lhasa Newah passes away! |date=20 July 2008 |publisher=The Newah (नेपाल भासँ थःगु बिचाः प्वन्केगु हलिमे छगुहे जक नेवाः ब्लग्) |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref> He was proprietor of [[Nepal Transport Service]] which he and his brother [[Lupau Ratna Tuladhar]] founded in 1959.<ref name=Nepal>{{cite news|last=Tuladhar|first=Kamal Ratna|title=Nepal took the bus half a century ago|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2008/09/28/expression/nepal-took-the-bus-a-half-century-ago/162128/|accessdate=23 January 2011|newspaper=The Kathmandu Post|date=26 September 2008}}</ref> This was Nepal's first public bus service which linked the capital [[Kathmandu]] with the railhead of [[Amlekhganj]] 190 kilometers to the south near the Indian border.<ref name=krtgf>Shrestha, Bijaya Lal (11 August 1989). "All Those Years Ago: A trip through the early days of bus transport", ''The Rising Nepal''.</ref><ref name=chevyb/>
'''Karuna Ratna Tuladhar''' ({{langx|ne|करुणारत्न तुलाधर}}) (23 October 1920 – 19 July 2008) was a pioneer of Nepalese public transport.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thenewah.blogsome.com/2008/07/20/first-motorcycle-importer-lhasa-newah-passes-away/ |title=First motorcycle importer to Tibet, Lhasa Newah passes away! |date=20 July 2008 |publisher=The Newah (नेपाल भासँ थःगु बिचाः प्वन्केगु हलिमे छगुहे जक नेवाः ब्लग्) |accessdate=28 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708020520/http://thenewah.blogsome.com/2008/07/20/first-motorcycle-importer-lhasa-newah-passes-away/ |archive-date=8 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He was proprietor of [[Nepal Transport Service]] which he and his brother [[Lupau Ratna Tuladhar]] founded in 1959.<ref name=Nepal>{{cite news|last=Tuladhar|first=Kamal Ratna|title=Nepal took the bus half a century ago|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2008/09/28/expression/nepal-took-the-bus-a-half-century-ago/162128/|accessdate=23 January 2011|newspaper=The Kathmandu Post|date=26 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024080800/http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2008/09/28/expression/nepal-took-the-bus-a-half-century-ago/162128/|archive-date=24 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Time For Comprehensive Urban Transport Policy |first=Krishna |last=Shrestha |url=http://www.gorkhapatraonline.com/trn/op-ed/1477-time-for-comprehensive-urban-transport-policy-krishna-shrestha.html |newspaper=Gorkhapatra Online |accessdate=June 24, 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130624233934/http://www.gorkhapatraonline.com/trn/op-ed/1477-time-for-comprehensive-urban-transport-policy-krishna-shrestha.html |archivedate=June 24, 2013 }}</ref> This was [[Nepal]]'s first public bus service which linked the capital [[Kathmandu]] with the railhead of [[Amlekhganj]], 190 kilometers to the south near the [[India]]n border.<ref name=krtgf>Shrestha, Bijaya Lal (11 August 1989). "All Those Years Ago: A trip through the early days of bus transport", ''The Rising Nepal''.</ref><ref name=chevyb/>


The same year, Nepal Transport Service also started the first local shuttle<ref>{{cite news|last=Poudel|first=Keshab|title= Big Wheels Keep on Turnin'|url=http://www.ecs.com.np/feature_detail.php?f_id=332|accessdate=20 February 2011|newspaper=ECS NEPAL|date= November 2003}}</ref> between Kathmandu and Patan ([[Patan, Nepal|Lalitpur]]), one of the three cities in the [[Kathmandu Valley]].<ref name=Nepal/>
The same year, Nepal Transport Service also started the first local shuttle between Kathmandu and Patan ([[Patan, Nepal|Lalitpur]]), one of the three cities in the [[Kathmandu Valley]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Poudel|first=Keshab|title=Big Wheels Keep on Turnin'|url=http://www.ecs.com.np/feature_detail.php?f_id=332|accessdate=20 February 2011|newspaper=ECS NEPAL|date=November 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724190106/http://www.ecs.com.np/feature_detail.php?f_id=332|archive-date=24 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=Nepal/>


==Early life==
==Early life==
[[Tuladhar]] was born at Dhalasikwa in [[Asan, Kathmandu|Asan]], Kathmandu, the second of three sons of trader [[Pushpa Sundar Tuladhar]] and his wife Dhan Maya. Pushpa Sundar owned a business house in [[Lhasa]], Tibet which conducted trade between Nepal, Tibet and India, transporting merchandise over the [[Himalaya]] by mule caravan.<ref name=krtgf/><ref>Tuladhar, Prem Hira (2009) ''The Past Lives of the Buddha.'' Kathmandu: Hira Shobha Tuladhar. ISBN 978-9937-2-1497-1. Pages 9–11.</ref>
[[Tuladhar]] was born at Dhalasikwa in [[Asan, Kathmandu|Asan]], Kathmandu, the second of three sons of trader [[Pushpa Sundar Tuladhar]] and his wife Dhan Maya. Pushpa Sundar owned a business house in [[Lhasa]], [[Tibet]] which conducted trade between Nepal, Tibet and India, transporting merchandise over the [[Himalaya]] by mule caravan.<ref name=krtgf/><ref>Tuladhar, Prem Hira (2009) ''The Past Lives of the Buddha.'' Kathmandu: Hira Shobha Tuladhar. {{ISBN|978-9937-2-1497-1}}. Pages 9–11.</ref>


==Business in Lhasa==
==Business in Lhasa==
After a brief period of schooling, Karuna Ratna Tuladhar went to Lhasa and joined the family business.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bajracharya|first=Himesh|title=Lhasa legacy|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/kantipur/news/news-detail.php?news_id=272818|accessdate=16 June 2012|newspaper=Kantipur|date=16 June 2012}}</ref> He travelled to Tibet for the first time in 1934. As his son Kamal Ratna Tuladhar explained,<ref name=Merchants>{{cite news|last=Tuladhar|first=Kamal Ratna|title=Merchants of yore|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2010/01/08/Expression/Merchants-of-yore/203864/|accessdate=23 January 2011|newspaper=The Kathmandu Post|date=9 January 2010}}</ref> the journey at that time involved walking for two days, riding a vintage lorry and then a steam locomotive to the Indian border at [[Raxaul]], followed by taking the Indian railway and a motorcar to [[Sikkim]]. The caravan trek between Sikkim and Lhasa then took 20 days. This trade route is an offshoot of the ancient [[Silk Road]].
After a brief period of schooling under [[Jagat Lal Master]], Karuna Ratna Tuladhar went to Lhasa and joined the family business.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bajracharya|first=Himesh|title=Lhasa legacy|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/kantipur/news/news-detail.php?news_id=272818|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122100400/http://www.ekantipur.com/kantipur/news/news-detail.php?news_id=272818|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 January 2013|accessdate=16 June 2012|newspaper=Kantipur|date=16 June 2012}}</ref> He travelled to Tibet for the first time in 1934.<ref name=Merchants>{{cite news|last=Tuladhar|first=Kamal Ratna|title=Merchants of yore|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2010/01/08/Expression/Merchants-of-yore/203864/|accessdate=23 January 2011|newspaper=The Kathmandu Post|date=9 January 2010}}</ref> The journey at that time involved walking for two days, riding a vintage lorry and then a steam locomotive to the Indian border at [[Raxaul]], followed by taking the Indian railway and a motorcar to [[Sikkim]]. From Sikkim, the merchants traveled by mule carvan to Lhasa which took 20 days. This trade route is an offshoot of the ancient [[Silk Road]].


Tuladhar would subsequently make two more trips, spending a total of 17 years in the Tibetan capital.<ref name=Merchants/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://classic-motorbikes.net/gallery~Vintage-Motorcycle-Pictures|title=The Vintage Motorcycle Pictures Gallery |date= |publisher=Classic-Motorbikes.net |accessdate=20 February 2011}}</ref> In 1948, in between his second and third tours, he married Hira Shobha Tamrakar. He served as president of the [[Nepalese Chamber of Commerce, Lhasa]] in 1952.<ref>Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (2011) ''[[Caravan to Lhasa]]: A Merchant of Kathmandu in Traditional Tibet.'' Kathmandu: Lijala & Tisa. ISBN 99946-58-91-3. Page 107.</ref> He returned from Tibet for the last time in 1954 and managed the business from Kathmandu and [[Kalimpong]] in West Bengal, [[India]], the start of the caravan route to Lhasa.<ref name=Merchants/><ref>''Kalimpong.'' New Delhi: Nest & Wings. ISBN 81-87592-01-X. Page 20.</ref>
Tuladhar would subsequently make two more trips, spending a total of 17 years in the Tibetan capital.<ref name=Merchants/> In 1948, in between his second and third tours, he married Hira Shobha Tamrakar. He served as president of the [[Nepalese Chamber of Commerce, Lhasa]] in 1952.<ref>Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (2011) ''[[Caravan to Lhasa]]: A Merchant of Kathmandu in Traditional Tibet.'' Kathmandu: Lijala & Tisa. {{ISBN|99946-58-91-3}}. Page 107.</ref> He returned from Tibet for the last time in 1954 and managed the business from Kathmandu and [[Kalimpong]] in [[West Bengal]], India, the start of the caravan route to Lhasa.<ref name=Merchants/><ref>''Kalimpong.'' New Delhi: Nest & Wings. {{ISBN|81-87592-01-X}}. Page 20.</ref>


==Nepal Transport Service==
==Nepal Transport Service==
Tuladhar decided to downsize his Tibet business and concentrate on home after Nepal's first highway [[Tribhuvan Highway]] opened to jeep traffic in 1956. After the road was improved to handle larger vehicles, Nepal Transport Service went into operation hauling freight with two Tata Mercedes-Benz trucks in March 1959.<ref name=Nepal/>
Tuladhar decided to downsize his Tibet business and concentrate on home after Nepal's first highway [[Tribhuvan Highway]] opened to jeep traffic in 1956. After the road was improved to handle larger vehicles, Nepal Transport Service went into operation hauling freight with two Tata Mercedes-Benz trucks in March 1959.<ref name=Nepal/><ref>{{cite web |url = http://tibetanhistory-20thcentury.wikischolars.columbia.edu/Newar+Merchants+of+Kathmandu+in+Traditional+Tibet |title = Newar Merchants of Kathmandu in Traditional Tibet |last = Yoon |first = Sungoh |website = Tibetan Biographies |accessdate= 13 June 2014}}</ref>


The company started passenger service in July the same year with a lone bus. Subsequently, its fleet grew to 11 Tata Mercedes-Benz, Chevrolet and Bedford buses.<ref name=Nepal/><ref name=chevyb>{{cite web |url=http://www.classicbusdepot.com/bus-photos/99_0_1_0_C/ |title=1959 Chevrolet Viking Bus – Nepal Transport |publisher=Classic Bus Depot.com |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref> Its head office was situated at the family home at 122 Asan Tyouda Tol, Kathmandu.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bajracharya|first=Himesh|title=Bas Yatayatko 50 Barsha ("Fifty Years of Bus Transport")|url=http://202.166.193.41/epaperhome.aspx?issue=2312010|accessdate=29 February 2012|newspaper=Kantipur|date=23 January 2010}} Page 23.</ref>
The company started passenger service in July the same year with a lone bus. Subsequently, its fleet grew to 11 Tata Mercedes-Benz, Chevrolet and Bedford buses.<ref name=Nepal/><ref name=chevyb>{{cite web |url=http://www.classicbusdepot.com/bus-photos/99_0_1_0_C/ |title=1959 Chevrolet Viking Bus – Nepal Transport |publisher=Classic Bus Depot.com |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref> Its head office was situated at the family home at 122 Asan Tyouda Tol, Kathmandu.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bajracharya |first=Himesh |date=23 January 2010 |title=Bas Yatayatko 50 Barsha |trans-title=Fifty Years of Bus Transport |url=http://www.ekantipur.com/kantipur/news/news-detail.php?news_id=209437 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140117130835/http://www.ekantipur.com/kantipur/news/news-detail.php?news_id=209437 |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 January 2014 |language=Nepali |newspaper=Kantipur |location=Kathmandu |accessdate=17 January 2014 }}</ref>


The initial years were profitable, but the company began racking up losses due to the long periods of downtime as major repairs needed to be done in India. Nepal Transport Service folded in 1966. Tuladhar died in Kathmandu in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|title=Post staffer bereaved|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2008/07/22/top-story/newsline/154334/|accessdate=23 January 2011|newspaper=The Kathmandu Post|date=22 July 2008}}</ref><ref>''Sandhya Times'' (19 July 2008). Page 1.</ref>
The initial years were profitable, but the company began racking up losses due to the long periods of downtime as major repairs needed to be done in India. Nepal Transport Service folded in 1966. Tuladhar died in Kathmandu in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|title=Post staffer bereaved|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2008/07/22/top-story/newsline/154334/|accessdate=23 January 2011|newspaper=The Kathmandu Post|date=22 July 2008}}</ref><ref>''Sandhya Times'' (19 July 2008). Page 1.</ref>
Line 22: Line 23:
==Postage stamp issued==
==Postage stamp issued==


On 31 December 2012, the Postal Services Department of the government of Nepal issued a commemorative postage stamp depicting portraits of Karuna Ratna and Lupau Ratna Tuladhar to honor their service to the nation. The stamp also shows a Chevrolet bus of Nepal Transport Service.<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|title= Commemorative stamps issued |url=http://epaper.ekantipur.com/ktpost/showtext.aspx?boxid=4059500&parentid=21107&issuedate=112013|accessdate=1 January 2013|newspaper=The Kathmandu Post|date= 1 January 2013}}</ref>
On 31 December 2012, the Postal Services Department of the government of Nepal issued a commemorative postage stamp bearing portraits of Karuna Ratna and Lupau Ratna Tuladhar to honor their service to the nation. The stamp also shows a [[Chevrolet]] bus of Nepal Transport Service.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commemorative stamps issued|url=http://epaper.ekantipur.com/ktpost/showtext.aspx?boxid=4059500&parentid=21107&issuedate=112013|accessdate=1 January 2013|newspaper=The Kathmandu Post|date=1 January 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235553/http://epaper.ekantipur.com/ktpost/showtext.aspx?boxid=4059500&parentid=21107&issuedate=112013|archivedate=2 December 2013}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Karuna ratna 1932.jpg|<div align ="center">Tuladhar (second from left) in 1932.</div>
File:Karuna ratna 1932.jpg|<div align ="center">Tuladhar (second from left) in 1932 class photo.</div>
File:Asan house front.jpg|<div align ="center">The Tuladhar home in Kathmandu.</div>
File:Asan house front.jpg|<div align ="center">The Tuladhar home in Kathmandu.</div>
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 135-S-12-35-20, Tibetexpedition, Lhasa, Markt.jpg|<div align ="center">Tuladhar's shop on the Barkhor, Lhasa. Photo dated 1938.</div>
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 135-S-12-35-20, Tibetexpedition, Lhasa, Markt.jpg|<div align ="center">Tuladhar's shop in Lhasa (ground floor).</div>
File:Kmt and krt on bsa.jpg|<div align ="center">Tuladhar (right) on a BSA Bantam motorcycle in Lhasa in 1952.</div>
File:Karuna ratna tuladhar bsa.jpg|<div align ="center">Tuladhar on a BSA in Lhasa in 1954.</div>
</gallery>
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Lhasa Newar (trans-Himalayan traders)]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
<references/>



{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Tuladhar, Karuna Ratna
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Nepalese businessman
| DATE OF BIRTH = 23 October 1920
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Kathmandu
| DATE OF DEATH = 19 July 2008
| PLACE OF DEATH = Kathmandu
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tuladhar, Karuna Ratna}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tuladhar, Karuna Ratna}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:Nepalese businesspeople]]
[[Category:People in bus transport]]
[[Category:People in bus transport]]
[[Category:People from Kathmandu]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kathmandu]]
[[Category:Bus transport in Nepal]]
[[Category:Bus transport in Nepal]]
[[Category:Merchants]]
[[Category:Nepalese merchants]]
[[Category:Newar]]
[[Category:Newar people]]
[[Category:Transport pioneers]]
⚫
[[Category:Nepalese people in transport]]

Latest revision as of 18:57, 22 October 2024

Karuna Ratna Tuladhar in 1963
1959 model Chevrolet Viking bus of Nepal Transport Service shown in 1961.

Karuna Ratna Tuladhar (Nepali: करुणारत्न तुलाधर) (23 October 1920 – 19 July 2008) was a pioneer of Nepalese public transport.[1] He was proprietor of Nepal Transport Service which he and his brother Lupau Ratna Tuladhar founded in 1959.[2][3] This was Nepal's first public bus service which linked the capital Kathmandu with the railhead of Amlekhganj, 190 kilometers to the south near the Indian border.[4][5]

The same year, Nepal Transport Service also started the first local shuttle between Kathmandu and Patan (Lalitpur), one of the three cities in the Kathmandu Valley.[6][2]

Early life

[edit]

Tuladhar was born at Dhalasikwa in Asan, Kathmandu, the second of three sons of trader Pushpa Sundar Tuladhar and his wife Dhan Maya. Pushpa Sundar owned a business house in Lhasa, Tibet which conducted trade between Nepal, Tibet and India, transporting merchandise over the Himalaya by mule caravan.[4][7]

Business in Lhasa

[edit]

After a brief period of schooling under Jagat Lal Master, Karuna Ratna Tuladhar went to Lhasa and joined the family business.[8] He travelled to Tibet for the first time in 1934.[9] The journey at that time involved walking for two days, riding a vintage lorry and then a steam locomotive to the Indian border at Raxaul, followed by taking the Indian railway and a motorcar to Sikkim. From Sikkim, the merchants traveled by mule carvan to Lhasa which took 20 days. This trade route is an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road.

Tuladhar would subsequently make two more trips, spending a total of 17 years in the Tibetan capital.[9] In 1948, in between his second and third tours, he married Hira Shobha Tamrakar. He served as president of the Nepalese Chamber of Commerce, Lhasa in 1952.[10] He returned from Tibet for the last time in 1954 and managed the business from Kathmandu and Kalimpong in West Bengal, India, the start of the caravan route to Lhasa.[9][11]

Nepal Transport Service

[edit]

Tuladhar decided to downsize his Tibet business and concentrate on home after Nepal's first highway Tribhuvan Highway opened to jeep traffic in 1956. After the road was improved to handle larger vehicles, Nepal Transport Service went into operation hauling freight with two Tata Mercedes-Benz trucks in March 1959.[2][12]

The company started passenger service in July the same year with a lone bus. Subsequently, its fleet grew to 11 Tata Mercedes-Benz, Chevrolet and Bedford buses.[2][5] Its head office was situated at the family home at 122 Asan Tyouda Tol, Kathmandu.[13]

The initial years were profitable, but the company began racking up losses due to the long periods of downtime as major repairs needed to be done in India. Nepal Transport Service folded in 1966. Tuladhar died in Kathmandu in 2008.[14][15]

Postage stamp issued

[edit]

On 31 December 2012, the Postal Services Department of the government of Nepal issued a commemorative postage stamp bearing portraits of Karuna Ratna and Lupau Ratna Tuladhar to honor their service to the nation. The stamp also shows a Chevrolet bus of Nepal Transport Service.[16]

[edit]
  • Tuladhar (second from left) in 1932 class photo.
    Tuladhar (second from left) in 1932 class photo.
  • The Tuladhar home in Kathmandu.
    The Tuladhar home in Kathmandu.
  • Tuladhar's shop in Lhasa (ground floor).
    Tuladhar's shop in Lhasa (ground floor).
  • Tuladhar on a BSA in Lhasa in 1954.
    Tuladhar on a BSA in Lhasa in 1954.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "First motorcycle importer to Tibet, Lhasa Newah passes away!". The Newah (नेपाल भासँ थःगु बिचाः प्वन्केगु हलिमे छगुहे जक नेवाः ब्लग्). 20 July 2008. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (26 September 2008). "Nepal took the bus half a century ago". The Kathmandu Post. Archived from the original on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
  3. ^ Shrestha, Krishna. "Time For Comprehensive Urban Transport Policy". Gorkhapatra Online. Archived from the original on June 24, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  4. ^ a b Shrestha, Bijaya Lal (11 August 1989). "All Those Years Ago: A trip through the early days of bus transport", The Rising Nepal.
  5. ^ a b "1959 Chevrolet Viking Bus – Nepal Transport". Classic Bus Depot.com. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
  6. ^ Poudel, Keshab (November 2003). "Big Wheels Keep on Turnin'". ECS NEPAL. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
  7. ^ Tuladhar, Prem Hira (2009) The Past Lives of the Buddha. Kathmandu: Hira Shobha Tuladhar. ISBN 978-9937-2-1497-1. Pages 9–11.
  8. ^ Bajracharya, Himesh (16 June 2012). "Lhasa legacy". Kantipur. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
  9. ^ a b c Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (9 January 2010). "Merchants of yore". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
  10. ^ Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (2011) Caravan to Lhasa: A Merchant of Kathmandu in Traditional Tibet. Kathmandu: Lijala & Tisa. ISBN 99946-58-91-3. Page 107.
  11. ^ Kalimpong. New Delhi: Nest & Wings. ISBN 81-87592-01-X. Page 20.
  12. ^ Yoon, Sungoh. "Newar Merchants of Kathmandu in Traditional Tibet". Tibetan Biographies. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  13. ^ Bajracharya, Himesh (23 January 2010). "Bas Yatayatko 50 Barsha" [Fifty Years of Bus Transport]. Kantipur (in Nepali). Kathmandu. Archived from the original on 17 January 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
  14. ^ "Post staffer bereaved". The Kathmandu Post. 22 July 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
  15. ^ Sandhya Times (19 July 2008). Page 1.
  16. ^ "Commemorative stamps issued". The Kathmandu Post. 1 January 2013. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
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