Jump to content

Bi-metallic coin: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
5,426,701 edits
Alter: template type. Removed parameters. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | #UCB_CommandLine
→External links: redundant
(19 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Short description|Coin consisting of more than one metal or alloy}}
{{Short description|Coin consisting of more than one metal or alloy}}
[[File:500 yen coin Bicolorclad.jpg|thumb|Bi-metallic coins are made up of a core with an outer ring. (e.g.: [[500 yen coin]])]]
[[File:500 yen coin Bicolorclad.jpg|thumb|Bi-metallic coins are made up of a core with an outer ring. (e.g.: [[500 yen coin]])]]
'''Bi-metallic coins''' are [[coins]] consisting of two (''[[bi-]]'') [[metals]] or [[alloys]], generally arranged with an outer ring around a contrasting center.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/bimetallic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926102439/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/bimetallic|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 26, 2016|title=bimetallic {{!}} Definition of bimetallic in English by Oxford Dictionaries|website=Oxford Dictionaries {{!}} English|access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref> Common circulating examples include the [[1 euro coin|€1]], [[2 euro coin|€2]], [[United Kingdom]] [[One pound (British coin)|£1]] and [[Two pounds (British coin)|£2]], [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Two Dollar Coin (Canada)|$2]], [[South Africa]] [[South African rand|R5]], [[Turkey|Turkish]] [[Turkish lira|1 lira]] and [[Turkish lira|50 kurus]], [[India]]n [[Indian 10-rupee coin|₹10]] and [[Indian 20-rupee coin|₹20]], [[Rupiah|IDR 1K]], [[Polish zloty|2 and 5 PLN]], [[Czech koruna|50 CZK]], [[Hungarian forint|100 and 200 HUF]], [[Bulgarian Lev|1 and 2 BGN]], [[Hong Kong]] [[Hong Kong ten-dollar coin|$10]], [[Argentina|Argentine]] [[Argentine peso|$1 and $2]], [[Brazilian real#Second series (1998–present)|Brazilian R$1]], [[Chile]]an [[Chilean peso|$100 and $500]], [[Colombia]]n [[Colombian peso|$500 and $1000]], and all [[Mexico|Mexican]] coins of [[Mexican peso|$1]] or higher denomination.
'''Bi-metallic coins''' are [[coins]] consisting of two (''[[bi-]]'') [[metals]] or [[alloys]], generally arranged with an outer ring around a contrasting center.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/bimetallic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926102439/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/bimetallic|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 26, 2016|title=bimetallic {{!}} Definition of bimetallic in English by Oxford Dictionaries|website=Oxford Dictionaries {{!}} English|access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref> Common circulating examples include the [[1 euro coin|€1]], [[2 euro coin|€2]], United Kingdom [[One pound (British coin)|£1]] and [[Two pounds (British coin)|£2]], Canadian [[Two Dollar Coin (Canada)|$2]], South Africa [[South African rand|R5]], Egyptian [[Egyptian pound|£1]], Turkish [[Turkish lira|1 lira]] and [[Turkish lira|50 kurus]], Indian [[Indian 10-rupee coin|₹10]] and [[Indian 20-rupee coin|₹20]], Indonesian [[Coins of the rupiah#1993:_1,000_rupiah_coin_introduced|Rp1,000]], Polish [[Polish zloty|2 and 5 zł]], Czech [[Czech koruna|50 Kč]], Hungarian [[Hungarian forint|100 and 200 Ft]], Bulgarian [[Bulgarian Lev|1 and 2 lv.]], Hong Kong [[Hong Kong ten-dollar coin|$10]], Argentine [[Argentine peso|$1 and $2]], [[Brazilian real#Second series (1998–present)|Brazilian R$1]], Chilean [[Chilean peso|$100 and $500]], Colombian [[Colombian peso|$500 and $1000]], Peruvian [[Peruvian sol|S/2 and S/5]], Albanian [[Albanian lek|100 Lekë]], Thai [[Thai baht|10 baht]] and all Mexican coins of [[Mexican peso|$1]] or higher denomination. For a more complete list, see [[List of bi-metallic coins]].


==History==
==History==
Line 8: Line 8:
Bi-metallic coins and medals have been issued for a long time. The [[Roman Empire]] issued special-occasion, large medallions with a center of bronze or copper and an outer ring of [[orichalcum]], starting with the reign of [[Hadrian]]. Meanwhile, circulating bi-metallic coins are known from the 17th century.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fleur-de-coin.com/articles/bi-metallic|title=History of Bimetallic Coins|website=www.fleur-de-coin.com|access-date=2019-04-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coins-auctioned.com/learn/coin-articles/bi-metal-coins-from-ancient-rome-till-present-day|title=Bi Metal Coins From ancient Rome Till present Day|website=Coins Auctioned|language=en|access-date=2019-04-09}}</ref> [[Farthing (English coin)|English farthings]] from 1684 through 1693 were made of [[tin]] with a central plug of copper for value. The [[silver-center cent]] [[pattern coin|pattern]] produced by the [[United States]] in 1792 is another example.<ref name=":0" />
Bi-metallic coins and medals have been issued for a long time. The [[Roman Empire]] issued special-occasion, large medallions with a center of bronze or copper and an outer ring of [[orichalcum]], starting with the reign of [[Hadrian]]. Meanwhile, circulating bi-metallic coins are known from the 17th century.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fleur-de-coin.com/articles/bi-metallic|title=History of Bimetallic Coins|website=www.fleur-de-coin.com|access-date=2019-04-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coins-auctioned.com/learn/coin-articles/bi-metal-coins-from-ancient-rome-till-present-day|title=Bi Metal Coins From ancient Rome Till present Day|website=Coins Auctioned|language=en|access-date=2019-04-09}}</ref> [[Farthing (English coin)|English farthings]] from 1684 through 1693 were made of [[tin]] with a central plug of copper for value. The [[silver-center cent]] [[pattern coin|pattern]] produced by the [[United States]] in 1792 is another example.<ref name=":0" />


In the 1830s and 1840s, British medalist Joseph Moore produced large numbers of bi-metallic "penny model" and less common "halfpenny model" tokens, as a proposal to replace the relatively large [[Penny (British pre-decimal coin)|penny]] and [[Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin)|halfpenny]] coins.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/articles/2165|title=Joseph Moore, Medal Designer (1817-?)|website=Museums Victoria Collections|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/IhJjiHjHQLu-hHC8_7SvnA|title=BBC - A History of the World - Object : Victorian One Penny Model Coin|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref> Though not [[legal tender]], Moore's tokens were circulated widely and accepted at face value by many merchants. Despite their popularity, the [[Royal Mint]] rejected the proposal, and did not reduce the size of the penny and halfpenny until [[Decimal Day|decimalization]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukdfd.co.uk/ukdfddata/showrecords.php?product=12454&cat=207|title=Message - UK Finds Database -|website=www.ukdfd.co.uk|access-date=2019-04-15}}</ref>
In the 1830s and 1840s, British medalist Joseph Moore produced large numbers of bi-metallic "penny model" and less common "halfpenny model" tokens, as a proposal to replace the relatively large [[Penny (British pre-decimal coin)|penny]] and [[Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin)|halfpenny]] coins.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/articles/2165|title=Joseph Moore, Medal Designer (1817-?)|website=Museums Victoria Collections|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/IhJjiHjHQLu-hHC8_7SvnA|title=BBC - A History of the World - Object : Victorian One Penny Model Coin|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref> Though not [[legal tender]], Moore's tokens were circulated widely and accepted at face value by many merchants. Despite their popularity, the [[Royal Mint]] rejected the proposal, and did not reduce the size of the penny and halfpenny until [[Decimal Day|decimalization]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukdfd.co.uk/ukdfddata/showrecords.php?product=12454&cat=207|title=Message - UK Finds Database -|website=www.ukdfd.co.uk|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=2020-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712170213/http://www.ukdfd.co.uk/ukdfddata/showrecords.php?product=12454&cat=207|url-status=dead}}</ref>


The first modern circulating bi-metallic coin was the [[Italy|Italian]] 500 [[Italian lira|lire]], first issued in 1982.<ref>{{Cite book|date=1993-12-01|title=Standard catalog of world coins}}</ref> Based on the minting process of the lire coin, the following issued bi-metallic coins for circulation were issued:{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}
The first modern circulating bi-metallic coin was the [[Italy|Italian]] 500 [[Italian lira|lire]], first issued in 1982.<ref>{{Cite book|date=1993-12-01|title=Standard catalog of world coins}}</ref> Based on the minting process of the lire coin, A list of All bi-metallic coins can be found [[List of bi-metallic coins by release date|here]]

* [[Morocco]], with its 5-[[Moroccan dirham|dirham]]s coin in 1987;
* [[France]], with a 10-[[French franc|franc]]s coin in 1988;
* [[Monaco]], with a 10 [[Monegasque franc|franc]]s;
* [[Thailand]], with a 10 [[Thai baht|baht]], in 1988;
* [[Hong Kong]], with a $10 coin, in 1993;
* [[Canada]], with a [[Canadian dollar|$]]2 coin (nicknamed "[[toonie]]") in 1996;
* [[Hungary]], with a 100-[[Hungarian forint|forint]] coin in 1996 and a 200 forint coin in 2009;
* [[Brazil]] with the 1 [[Brazilian real|real]] coin, in 1998;
* The [[United Kingdom]] has issued a bi-metallic [[British pound|£2]] coin since 1997, and a bi-metallic £1 coin since March 2017;
* The [[Philippines]] has minted a bi-metallic [[Philippine ten-peso coin|10-peso coin]] from 2000 to 2017 and a [[Philippine twenty-peso coin|20-peso coin]] since 2019.
* The [[Eurozone]] circulated the €1 and €2 coins on 1 January 2002;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecb.int/euro/intro/html/index.en.html |title=ECB: Introduction|publisher=ECB|work=ECB|date=12 November 2020 }}</ref>
* [[India]] has issued a bi-metallic [[Indian 10-rupee coin|₹10]] coin since 2009 and a bi-metallic [[Indian 20-rupee coin|₹20]] coin since 2019;
* [[Singapore]] has issued a bi-metallic 1-[[Singapore dollar|dollar]] coin since 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pobjoy.com/blog/a-brief-history-looking-into-the-world-of-bi-metal-two-pound-coins|title=A Brief History: Looking into the World of Bi-Metal Two Pound Coins {{!}} British Pobjoy Mint|website=www.pobjoy.com|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mas.gov.sg/Currency/Circulation-Currency/Coins.aspx|title=Circulation Currency > Coins|website=www.mas.gov.sg|access-date=2019-04-11|archive-date=2019-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411001626/http://www.mas.gov.sg/Currency/Circulation-Currency/Coins.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Japan]] has issued a bi-metallic [[500 yen coin]] since 2021.
* [[Costa Rica]] announced a bi-metallic 500-colones coin that will start to circulate in November 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mcj.go.cr/sala-de-prensa/noticias/banco-central-presenta-nueva-moneda-de-c500-para-conmemorar-el-bicentenario |title=Banco Central presenta nueva moneda de ¢500 para conmemorar el Bicentenario de Costa Rica}}</ref>


The first ever tri-metallic circulating coins were 20-francs coins introduced in France and Monaco in 1992. These were similar to the corresponding bi-metallic 10-francs coins, but had two rings instead of one.
The first ever tri-metallic circulating coins were 20-francs coins introduced in France and Monaco in 1992. These were similar to the corresponding bi-metallic 10-francs coins, but had two rings instead of one.
Line 43: Line 27:
==Examples==
==Examples==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:IDR_1000_Koin_2.JPG|Two "Kelapa Sawit" (oil palm) bi-metallic [[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]]1,000 coins, with the second one being minted in 1996
File:Moneda de 2 Euros de Finlàndia.JPG|[[2 euro coins|€2 coin]], composed of a core of nickel-[[brass]], ringed by a [[copper-nickel]] alloy.
File:Kingtutcoinobv without background.png|2008 "[[King Tutankhamun]]" bi-metallic [[Egyptian pound|£E]]1 coin.
File:Kingtutcoinobv without background.png|2008 "[[King Tutankhamun]]" bi-metallic [[Egyptian pound|£E]]1 coin.
File:1-real-2019-25-anos-reverso.png|Brazilian [[Brazilian real|R$]]1 coin, a [[stainless steel]] center in a [[bronze]] plated steel ring.
File:1-real-2019-25-anos-reverso.png|Brazilian [[Brazilian real|R$]]1 coin, a [[stainless steel]] center in a [[bronze]] plated steel ring.
Line 55: Line 39:
==External links==
==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|bi-metallic coins=}}
* {{Commons category-inline|bi-metallic coins=}}
{{Coin collecting}}
{{Portal bar|Money|Numismatics}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Bi-Metallic Coins}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bi-Metallic Coins}}

Revision as of 01:03, 23 October 2024

Not to be confused with bimetallism.
Bi-metallic coins are made up of a core with an outer ring. (e.g.: 500 yen coin)

Bi-metallic coins are coins consisting of two (bi-) metals or alloys, generally arranged with an outer ring around a contrasting center.[1] Common circulating examples include the €1, €2, United Kingdom £1 and £2, Canadian $2, South Africa R5, Egyptian £1, Turkish 1 lira and 50 kurus, Indian ₹10 and ₹20, Indonesian Rp1,000, Polish 2 and 5 zł, Czech 50 Kč, Hungarian 100 and 200 Ft, Bulgarian 1 and 2 lv., Hong Kong $10, Argentine $1 and $2, Brazilian R$1, Chilean $100 and $500, Colombian $500 and $1000, Peruvian S/2 and S/5, Albanian 100 Lekë, Thai 10 baht and all Mexican coins of $1 or higher denomination. For a more complete list, see List of bi-metallic coins.

History

Bi-metallic coins and medals have been issued for a long time. The Roman Empire issued special-occasion, large medallions with a center of bronze or copper and an outer ring of orichalcum, starting with the reign of Hadrian. Meanwhile, circulating bi-metallic coins are known from the 17th century.[2][3] English farthings from 1684 through 1693 were made of tin with a central plug of copper for value. The silver-center cent pattern produced by the United States in 1792 is another example.[2]

In the 1830s and 1840s, British medalist Joseph Moore produced large numbers of bi-metallic "penny model" and less common "halfpenny model" tokens, as a proposal to replace the relatively large penny and halfpenny coins.[4][5] Though not legal tender, Moore's tokens were circulated widely and accepted at face value by many merchants. Despite their popularity, the Royal Mint rejected the proposal, and did not reduce the size of the penny and halfpenny until decimalization.[6]

The first modern circulating bi-metallic coin was the Italian 500 lire, first issued in 1982.[7] Based on the minting process of the lire coin, A list of All bi-metallic coins can be found here

The first ever tri-metallic circulating coins were 20-francs coins introduced in France and Monaco in 1992. These were similar to the corresponding bi-metallic 10-francs coins, but had two rings instead of one.

Use

As well as circulating coins, where they are generally restricted to high-denomination coins, bi-metallic coins are often used in commemorative issues, often made of precious metals. For example, the only bi-metallic coin issued by the United States is the $10 Library of Congress commemorative, made of a gold ring around a platinum center. They are used primarily as a way of securing against coin counterfeiting.[8]

Manufacturing

A Brazilian R$1 coin with its parts separated

The manufacturing process is similar to that of ordinary coins, except that two blanks (the inner and the outer) are struck at the same time, deforming the separate blanks sufficiently to hold them together.[9]

Countries

Countries with bimetallic coins in circulation. Gold denotes more than one bimetallic coin in use. Red denotes one bimetallic coin in use. Blue denotes that non-bimetallic coin of the same value circulates alongside the bimetallic coin.

Examples

  • Two "Kelapa Sawit" (oil palm) bi-metallic Rp1,000 coins, with the second one being minted in 1996
    Two "Kelapa Sawit" (oil palm) bi-metallic Rp1,000 coins, with the second one being minted in 1996
  • 2008 "King Tutankhamun" bi-metallic £E1 coin.
    2008 "King Tutankhamun" bi-metallic £E1 coin.
  • Brazilian R$1 coin, a stainless steel center in a bronze plated steel ring.
    Brazilian R$1 coin, a stainless steel center in a bronze plated steel ring.
  • ₹10 bi-metallic coins from India.
    ₹10 bi-metallic coins from India.
  • 1992 French 20 francs tri-metallic coin.
    1992 French 20 francs tri-metallic coin.

References

  1. ^ "bimetallic | Definition of bimetallic in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on September 26, 2016. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
  2. ^ a b "History of Bimetallic Coins". www.fleur-de-coin.com. Retrieved 2019-04-09.
  3. ^ "Bi Metal Coins From ancient Rome Till present Day". Coins Auctioned. Retrieved 2019-04-09.
  4. ^ "Joseph Moore, Medal Designer (1817-?)". Museums Victoria Collections. Retrieved 2019-05-27.
  5. ^ "BBC - A History of the World - Object : Victorian One Penny Model Coin". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2019-05-27.
  6. ^ "Message - UK Finds Database -". www.ukdfd.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2020-07-12. Retrieved 2019-04-15.
  7. ^ Standard catalog of world coins. 1993-12-01.
  8. ^ "Bimetallism". eh.net. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
  9. ^ Leitão, P.J.; Teixeira, A.C.; Rodrigues, J.M.C.; Martins, P.A.F. (October 1997). "Development of an industrial process for minting a new type of bimetallic coin". Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 70 (1–3): 178–184. doi:10.1016/S0924-0136(97)02914-2.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bi-metallic_coin&oldid=1252806262"