Brněnec: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox settlement |
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[[Image:Location of Czech village Brnenec.png|right|frame|Location of Brněnec (red dot) in the Czech Republic]] |
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| name = Brněnec |
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| other_name = |
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| settlement_type = [[Obec|Municipality]] |
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<!-- images --> |
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| image_skyline = Brněnec, hlavní ulice.jpg |
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| image_caption = Main street |
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| image_flag = Brněnec flag CZ.svg |
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| image_shield = Brněnec CoA CZ.svg |
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<!-- location --> |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = {{CZE}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Pardubice Region|Pardubice]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Svitavy District|Svitavy]] |
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<!-- maps and coordinates --> |
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| image_map = |
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| map_caption = |
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| pushpin_map = Czech Republic |
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| pushpin_relief = 1 |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic |
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| coordinates = {{coord|49|37|39|N|16|31|19|E|display=inline,title}} |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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<!-- government type, leaders --> |
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| leader_title = |
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| leader_name = |
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<!-- established --> |
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| established_title = First mentioned |
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| established_date = 1557 |
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<!-- area --> |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = 6.30 |
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<!-- elevation --> |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 370 |
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<!-- population --> |
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| population_as_of = 2024-01-01 |
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| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref> |
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| population_total = 1223 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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<!-- time zone(s) --> |
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| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
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| utc_offset1 = +1 |
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| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |
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| utc_offset1_DST = +2 |
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<!-- postal codes, area code --> |
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| postal_code_type = Postal code |
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| postal_code = 569 04 |
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| area_code_type = |
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| area_code = |
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<!-- website, footnotes --> |
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| website = {{URL|https://obec.brnenec.cz/}} |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
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'''Brněnec''' ({{langx|de|Brünnlitz}}) is a municipality and village in [[Svitavy District]] in the [[Pardubice Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 1,300 inhabitants. |
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==Administrative parts== |
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[[Image:Schindlers factory Brnenec CZ 2004b.JPG|thumb|270px|Schindler's factory in 2004]] |
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The villages of Chrastová Lhota, Moravská Chrastová and Podlesí are administrative parts of Brněnec. |
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'''Brněnec''' ({{lang-de|Brünnlitz}}) is a village in the [[Pardubice Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has around 1,400 inhabitants. |
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==Geography== |
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Villages [[Chrastová Lhota]], [[Moravská Chrastová]] and [[Podlesí (Ústí nad Orlicí District)|Podlesí]] are administrative parts of Brněnec. |
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Brněnec is located about {{convert|15|km|0}} south of [[Svitavy]] and {{convert|45|km|abbr=on}} north of [[Brno]]. It lies in the [[Svitavy Uplands]]. The highest point is at {{convert|555|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The municipality is situated at the confluence of the [[Svitava (river)|Svitava]] River and the stream Chrastovský potok; the built-up area is located in the valleys of these two watercourses. The Svitava River forms here the historical border between [[Bohemia]] and [[Moravia]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Next to an old trade route, the settlement of Moravská Chrastová was founded after 1200 by monks from the monastery in [[Litomyšl]]. Moravská Chrastová was first mentioned in a document from 1323. The first written mention of Brněnec is in the act of partition of the [[Svojanov]] estate from 1557. Until the 18th century, it was a part of [[Bělá nad Svitavou]]. After the Löw-Beer family founded here a textile factory, the importance of Brněnec grew.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Historie|url=https://obec.brnenec.cz/default/default/5271_historie|publisher=Obec Brněnec|language=cs|access-date=2023-06-27}}</ref> |
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In 1938, the municipality was annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] and administered as part of [[Reichsgau Sudetenland]]. After World War II, the Germans were [[Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia|expelled]]. |
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Next to an old trade route, the settlement of Moravská Chrastová was founded after 1200 by monks from a monastery in [[Litomyšl]]. It is first mentioned in a document from 1323. |
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===Schindler factory=== |
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The first written mention of Brněnec is to be found in the 1557 act of partition of the dominion of Swojanow. In 1892, workers carrying out improvements to the [[Bělá nad Svitavou]] road stumbled upon the remnants of prehistoric clay jars in the vicinity of the Nová Amerika ("New America") inn, one kilometre west of Brněnec. Systematic excavation on this site in 1893 unearthed further [[archaeological]] finds. A neighbouring hillside of crevices and caves, known as Jeskyně Čertovy, had already yielded traces of earlier settlements. |
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{{main|Brünnlitz labor camp}} |
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[[File:Schindlers factory Brnenec CZ 2004b.JPG|thumb|Schindler's factory in 2004]] |
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[[File:Vitka 2019 (1) 01.jpg|thumb|The premises of the factory in 2019]] |
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The Löw-Beer Jewish family founded a textile producing company in the 1810s, and in 1855 rebuilt an old paper mill in Brněnec into the textile factory. In 1938, it was taken over by Germans.<ref>{{cite web |title=Soubor bývalé textilní továrny|url=https://www.pamatkovykatalog.cz/soubor-byvale-textilni-tovarny-13921456|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2021-10-15}}</ref> |
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In 1944, [[Oskar Schindler]] relocated his [[Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory|German Enamelware Factory]] and the associated prison camp of 1,200 Jewish forced labourers from [[Kraków]] to a munitions factory acquired by him in Brněnec. The [[Schindlerjuden|Jewish workforce]] thus escaped transport to the [[Extermination camps in the Holocaust|extermination camps]] and was liberated along with the rest of the municipality on 10 May 1945 by the [[Red Army]], after the factory had been fully operational for seven months. As of 2016, the [[Endowment Fund for the Memorial of the Shoah and Oskar Schindler]] is engaged in turning the ruins of the factory into a museum.<ref>{{cite web |last=Day|first=Matthew|title=Czech factory once home to 1,200 Jews saved by Oskar Schindler to be turned into a Holocaust museum|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/08/17/czech-factory-once-home-to-1200-jews-saved-by-oskar-schindler-to/|publisher=The Telegraph|date=2016-08-17|access-date=2016-09-07}}</ref> |
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Until 1918, the village was part of the Austrian empire (Austria side after the [[compromise of 1867]]), in the [[Polička]] district, one of the 94 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften''<ref>Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm KLEIN, 1967</ref> in Bohemia. A post-office was opened in 1869. |
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==Demographics== |
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[[File:Brünnlitz 1899 Brnenec.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Austrian KK 2 gulden stamp bilingual cancelled Brünnlitz-Brněnec in 1899]] |
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{{historical populations |
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|align=none|cols=3 |
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|1869|784 |
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|1880|977 |
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|1890|1470 |
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|1900|1675 |
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|1910|1929 |
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|1921|1618 |
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|1930|1866 |
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|1950|1308 |
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|1961|1471 |
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|1970|1556 |
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|1980|1608 |
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|1991|1559 |
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|2001|1427 |
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|2011|1298 |
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|2021|1211 |
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|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}} |
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==Transport== |
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With the construction of the railway from [[Prague]] to [[Brno]] (before 1850?), Brněnec received its own railway station on this main line. This encouraged numerous new industrial enterprises such as [[textile]] factories to develop around the dominant business of the Daubek mills. |
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The I/43 road (part of the [[European route E461]]) from Brno to Svitavy passes through the municipality. |
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Moravská Chrastová is located on the railway line heading from Brno to [[Česká Třebová]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Detail stanice Moravská Chrastová|url=https://www.cd.cz/stanice/moravska-chrastova/5433467|publisher=[[České dráhy]]|language=cs|access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref> |
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In 1930, the [[municipality]] of Brněnec (including the then districts of Zářečí nad Svitavou, now part of the municipality of [[Březová nad Svitavou]], and Podlesí counted 606 inhabitants, of whom 208 held [[Germany|German]] nationality. In 1939, as a result of German occupation and the ensuing retreat of [[Czech people|Czech]] inhabitants, the total population had dropped to 490. |
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==Sights== |
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The municipality extended at that time only to the [[Bohemia]]n right bank of the river [[Svitava (river)|Svitava]]. On the opposite [[Moravia]]n bank was the independent village of [[Moravská Chrastová]], which, together with its districts of Chrastová Lhota and Půlpecen (now part of the municipality of [[Chrastavec]]), had a total population in 1939 of 1,143 inhabitants and was therefore twice the size of Brněnec. |
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[[File:Moravská Chrastová, evangelický kostel z boku.jpg|thumb|Evangelical church]] |
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The most important monument is the Evangelical church in Moravská Chrastová. It was built in the [[Arts and Crafts movement|Arts and Crafts style]] in 1889.<ref>{{cite web |title=Evangelický kostel|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/evangelicky-kostel-23746849|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2023-06-27}}</ref> Other sights include the Chapel of Saint Isidore in Moravská Chrastová from 1855 and a belfry in Brněnec.<ref name=history/> |
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==Notable people== |
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The town of Brněnec formed part of the administrative and judiciary region of [[Politschka]]. After the annexation of the ''[[Sudetenland]]'' by [[Germany]], it was integrated into the county of [[Zwittau]]. |
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*[[František Bartoš (composer)|František Bartoš]] (1905–1973), composer, music critic and musicologist |
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*[[Oskar Schindler]] (1908–1974), World War II-era industrialist who saved 1,200 Jewish lives |
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==References== |
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In 1944, [[Oskar Schindler]] relocated his Deutsche Emaillewarenfabrik (German Enamelware Factory), and the associated prison camp of 1,200 Jewish forced labourers, from [[Kraków]] to a munitions factory acquired by him in Brněnec. The Jewish workforce thus escaped transport to the [[Extermination camps in the Holocaust|extermination camps]] and was liberated on 10 May 1945, after the factory had been fully operational for seven months. |
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{{reflist}} |
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* See also [[list of subcamps of Gross Rosen]]. |
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There are 800 employment positions in Brněnec today. |
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== Districts == |
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The municipality of Brněnec is composed of the following districts ([[German language|German]] names in parentheses): |
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*Brněnec (''Brünnlitz'') |
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*Chrastová Lhota (''Ölhütten'') |
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*Moravská Chrastová (''Mährisch Chrostau'') |
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*Podlesí (''Unterwald'') |
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== Notable natives of Brněnec == |
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*[[Oskar Schindler]], WWII-era industrialist who saved 1,200 Jewish lives |
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== References == |
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<references /> |
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*Much of the content of this article has been translated from the equivalent German-language Wikipedia article (retrieved 10 June 2006) |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{commons category|Brněnec}} |
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* [http://www.brnenec.cz/place.asp?place=5 Village website] {{cs icon}} |
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* |
*{{official|https://obec.brnenec.cz/}} |
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{{Svitavy District}} |
{{Svitavy District}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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{{coord|49|38|N|16|31|E|region:CZ_type:city|display=title}} |
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{{commons category|Brněnec}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Brnenec}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brnenec}} |
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Latest revision as of 18:45, 23 October 2024
Brněnec | |
|---|---|
 Main street | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Brněnec Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°37′39″N 16°31′19″E / 49.62750°N 16.52194°E | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Pardubice |
| District | Svitavy |
| First mentioned | 1557 |
| Area | |
• Total | 6.30 km2 (2.43 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 370 m (1,210 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 1,223 |
| • Density | 190/km2 (500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 569 04 |
| Website | obec |
Brněnec (German: Brünnlitz) is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
[edit]The villages of Chrastová Lhota, Moravská Chrastová and Podlesí are administrative parts of Brněnec.
Geography
[edit]Brněnec is located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Svitavy and 45 km (28 mi) north of Brno. It lies in the Svitavy Uplands. The highest point is at 555 m (1,821 ft) above sea level. The municipality is situated at the confluence of the Svitava River and the stream Chrastovský potok; the built-up area is located in the valleys of these two watercourses. The Svitava River forms here the historical border between Bohemia and Moravia.
History
[edit]Next to an old trade route, the settlement of Moravská Chrastová was founded after 1200 by monks from the monastery in Litomyšl. Moravská Chrastová was first mentioned in a document from 1323. The first written mention of Brněnec is in the act of partition of the Svojanov estate from 1557. Until the 18th century, it was a part of Bělá nad Svitavou. After the Löw-Beer family founded here a textile factory, the importance of Brněnec grew.[2]
In 1938, the municipality was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as part of Reichsgau Sudetenland. After World War II, the Germans were expelled.
Schindler factory
[edit]
_01.jpg)
The Löw-Beer Jewish family founded a textile producing company in the 1810s, and in 1855 rebuilt an old paper mill in Brněnec into the textile factory. In 1938, it was taken over by Germans.[3]
In 1944, Oskar Schindler relocated his German Enamelware Factory and the associated prison camp of 1,200 Jewish forced labourers from Kraków to a munitions factory acquired by him in Brněnec. The Jewish workforce thus escaped transport to the extermination camps and was liberated along with the rest of the municipality on 10 May 1945 by the Red Army, after the factory had been fully operational for seven months. As of 2016, the Endowment Fund for the Memorial of the Shoah and Oskar Schindler is engaged in turning the ruins of the factory into a museum.[4]
Demographics
[edit]
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| Source: Censuses[5][6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transport
[edit]The I/43 road (part of the European route E461) from Brno to Svitavy passes through the municipality.
Moravská Chrastová is located on the railway line heading from Brno to Česká Třebová.[7]
Sights
[edit]
The most important monument is the Evangelical church in Moravská Chrastová. It was built in the Arts and Crafts style in 1889.[8] Other sights include the Chapel of Saint Isidore in Moravská Chrastová from 1855 and a belfry in Brněnec.[2]
Notable people
[edit]- František Bartoš (1905–1973), composer, music critic and musicologist
- Oskar Schindler (1908–1974), World War II-era industrialist who saved 1,200 Jewish lives
References
[edit]- ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17.
- ^ a b "Historie" (in Czech). Obec Brněnec. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Soubor bývalé textilní továrny" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 2021-10-15.
- ^ Day, Matthew (2016-08-17). "Czech factory once home to 1,200 Jews saved by Oskar Schindler to be turned into a Holocaust museum". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2016-09-07.
- ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21.
- ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
- ^ "Detail stanice Moravská Chrastová" (in Czech). České dráhy. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
- ^ "Evangelický kostel" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brněnec.
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