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Coordinates: 49°37′39″N 16°31′19″E / 49.62750°N 16.52194°E / 49.62750; 16.52194
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Brněnec
| name = Brněnec
| native_name =
| other_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Obec|Municipality]]
| settlement_type = [[Obec|Municipality]]
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
<!-- images -->
| image_skyline = Brněnec, hlavní ulice.jpg
| image_skyline = Brněnec, hlavní ulice.jpg
| image_caption = Main street
| image_caption = Main street
| image_flag = Brněnec flag CZ.svg
| image_flag = Brněnec flag CZ.svg
| image_shield = Brněnec CoA CZ.svg
| image_shield = Brněnec CoA CZ.svg
| etymology =
<!-- location -->
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
Line 26: Line 24:
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title =
| leader_name = Blahoslav Kašpar
| leader_name =
<!-- established -->
<!-- established -->
| established_title = First mentioned
| established_title = First mentioned
Line 38: Line 36:
| elevation_m = 370
| elevation_m = 370
<!-- population -->
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of = 2020-01-01<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2020|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-1-january-2019|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|date=2020-04-30}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2024-01-01
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref>
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 1223
| population_total = 1259
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
<!-- time zone(s) -->
Line 56: Line 54:
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Brněnec''' ({{lang-de|Brünnlitz}}) is a municipality and village in [[Svitavy District]] in the [[Pardubice Region]] of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.
'''Brněnec''' ({{langx|de|Brünnlitz}}) is a municipality and village in [[Svitavy District]] in the [[Pardubice Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.


==Administrative parts==
==Administrative parts==
Villages of Chrastová Lhota, Moravská Chrastová and Podlesí are administrative parts of Brněnec.
The villages of Chrastová Lhota, Moravská Chrastová and Podlesí are administrative parts of Brněnec.

==Geography==
Brněnec is located about {{convert|15|km|0}} south of [[Svitavy]] and {{convert|45|km|abbr=on}} north of [[Brno]]. It lies in the [[Svitavy Uplands]]. The highest point is at {{convert|555|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The municipality is situated at the confluence of the [[Svitava (river)|Svitava]] River and the stream Chrastovský potok; the built-up area is located in the valleys of these two watercourses. The Svitava River forms here the historical border between [[Bohemia]] and [[Moravia]].


==History==
==History==
Next to an old trade route, the settlement of Moravská Chrastová was founded after 1200 by monks from a monastery in [[Litomyšl]]. Moravská Chrastová was first mentioned in a document from 1323. The first written mention of Brněnec is to be found in the 1557 act of partition of the dominion of Swojanow. Until the 18th century it was a part of [[Bělá nad Svitavou]].<ref>{{cite web |title=O obci/Historie|url=https://obec.brnenec.cz/O-obci-(1)/|publisher=Obec Brněnec|language=cs|accessdate=2020-11-01}}</ref>
Next to an old trade route, the settlement of Moravská Chrastová was founded after 1200 by monks from the monastery in [[Litomyšl]]. Moravská Chrastová was first mentioned in a document from 1323. The first written mention of Brněnec is in the act of partition of the [[Svojanov]] estate from 1557. Until the 18th century, it was a part of [[Bělá nad Svitavou]]. After the Löw-Beer family founded here a textile factory, the importance of Brněnec grew.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Historie|url=https://obec.brnenec.cz/default/default/5271_historie|publisher=Obec Brněnec|language=cs|access-date=2023-06-27}}</ref>


In 1938, the municipality was annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] and administered as part of [[Reichsgau Sudetenland]]. After World War II, the Germans were [[Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia|expelled]].
In 1892, workers carrying out improvements to the [[Bělá nad Svitavou]] road stumbled upon the remnants of prehistoric clay jars in the vicinity of the Nová Amerika inn, one kilometre west of Brněnec. Systematic excavation on this site in 1893 unearthed further [[archaeological]] finds. A neighbouring hillside of crevices and caves, known as Jeskyně Čertovy, had already yielded traces of earlier settlements.


⚫
===Schindler factory===
Until 1918, Brněnec was part of the Austrian empire (Austria side after the [[compromise of 1867]]), in the [[Polička]] District, one of the 94 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften''<ref>Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967</ref> in Bohemia. A post-office was opened in 1869.
⚫
{{main|Brünnlitz labor camp}}
⚫
[[File:Schindlers factory Brnenec CZ 2004b.JPG|thumb|Schindler's factory in 2004]]
[[File:Vitka 2019 (1) 01.jpg|thumb|The premises of the factory in 2019]]
The Löw-Beer Jewish family founded a textile producing company in the 1810s, and in 1855 rebuilt an old paper mill in Brněnec into the textile factory. In 1938, it was taken over by Germans.<ref>{{cite web |title=Soubor bývalé textilní továrny|url=https://www.pamatkovykatalog.cz/soubor-byvale-textilni-tovarny-13921456|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2021-10-15}}</ref>


⚫
In 1944, [[Oskar Schindler]] relocated his [[Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory|German Enamelware Factory]] and the associated prison camp of 1,200 Jewish forced labourers from [[Kraków]] to a munitions factory acquired by him in Brněnec. The [[Schindlerjuden|Jewish workforce]] thus escaped transport to the [[Extermination camps in the Holocaust|extermination camps]] and was liberated along with the rest of the municipality on 10 May 1945 by the [[Red Army]], after the factory had been fully operational for seven months. As of 2016, the [[Endowment Fund for the Memorial of the Shoah and Oskar Schindler]] is engaged in turning the ruins of the factory into a museum.<ref>{{cite web |last=Day|first=Matthew|title=Czech factory once home to 1,200 Jews saved by Oskar Schindler to be turned into a Holocaust museum|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/08/17/czech-factory-once-home-to-1200-jews-saved-by-oskar-schindler-to/|publisher=The Telegraph|date=2016-08-17|access-date=2016-09-07}}</ref>
With the construction of the railway from [[Prague]] to [[Brno]] (before 1850?), Brněnec received its own railway station on this main line. This encouraged numerous new industrial enterprises such as [[textile]] factories to develop around the dominant business of the Daubek mills.


==Demographics==
In 1930, the [[municipality]] of Brněnec (including the then districts of Zářečí nad Svitavou, now part of the municipality of [[Březová nad Svitavou]], and Podlesí counted 606 inhabitants, of whom 208 held [[Germany|German]] nationality. In 1939, as a result of German occupation and the ensuing retreat of [[Czech people|Czech]] inhabitants, the total population had dropped to 490.
{{historical populations
|align=none|cols=3
|1869|784
|1880|977
|1890|1470
|1900|1675
|1910|1929
|1921|1618
|1930|1866
|1950|1308
|1961|1471
|1970|1556
|1980|1608
|1991|1559
|2001|1427
|2011|1298
|2021|1211
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}


==Transport==
The municipality extended at that time only to the [[Bohemia]]n right bank of the river [[Svitava (river)|Svitava]]. On the opposite [[Moravia]]n bank was the independent municipality of Moravská Chrastová, which, together with its administrative parts of Chrastová Lhota and Půlpecen (now part of the municipality of [[Chrastavec]]), had a total population in 1939 of 1,143 inhabitants and was therefore twice the size of Brněnec.
The I/43 road (part of the [[European route E461]]) from Brno to Svitavy passes through the municipality.


Moravská Chrastová is located on the railway line heading from Brno to [[Česká Třebová]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Detail stanice Moravská Chrastová|url=https://www.cd.cz/stanice/moravska-chrastova/5433467|publisher=[[České dráhy]]|language=cs|access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref>
The town of Brněnec formed part of the administrative and judiciary region of [[Politschka]]. After the annexation of the ''[[Sudetenland]]'' by [[Germany]], it was integrated into the county of [[Zwittau]].


==Sights==
⚫
[[File:Schindlers factory Brnenec CZ 2004b.JPG|thumb|right|Schindler's factory in 2004]]
[[File:Moravská Chrastová, evangelický kostel z boku.jpg|thumb|Evangelical church]]
⚫
In 1944, [[Oskar Schindler]] relocated his [[Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory|German Enamelware Factory]] and the associated prison camp of 1,200 Jewish forced labourers from [[Kraków]] to a [[Brünnlitz labor camp|munitions factory]] acquired by him in Brněnec. The [[Schindlerjuden|Jewish workforce]] thus escaped transport to the [[Extermination camps in the Holocaust|extermination camps]] and was liberated along with the rest of the municipality on 10 May 1945 by the [[Red Army]], after the factory had been fully operational for seven months. The [[Endowment Fund for the Memorial of the Shoah and Oskar Schindler]] is currently engaged in turning the ruins of the factory into a museum.<ref name=tg>{{cite web|last1=Day|first1=Matthew|title=Czech factory once home to 1,200 Jews saved by Oskar Schindler to be turned into a Holocaust museum|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/08/17/czech-factory-once-home-to-1200-jews-saved-by-oskar-schindler-to/|publisher=The Telegraph|accessdate=7 September 2016|date=17 August 2016}}</ref>
The most important monument is the Evangelical church in Moravská Chrastová. It was built in the [[Arts and Crafts movement|Arts and Crafts style]] in 1889.<ref>{{cite web |title=Evangelický kostel|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/evangelicky-kostel-23746849|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2023-06-27}}</ref> Other sights include the Chapel of Saint Isidore in Moravská Chrastová from 1855 and a belfry in Brněnec.<ref name=history/>

⚫
===The factory===
⚫
{{main|Brünnlitz labor camp}}
History of the factory:<ref>{{Cite news|publisher=[[The Sunday Telegraph]]|title= British descendant of Schindler factory owner to turn derelict building into museum|first=Matthew|last=Day|date=24 February 2019|page=13}}</ref>
*1840s: The Low-Beer Jewish family moved into the area. They set up the factory, making high-quality textiles.
*1938: The Germans occupied Czechoslovakia. The Low-Beer family fled to Britain. Germans took over the factory.
*1944: [[Oskar Schindler]] brought his Jews to Brněnec and started to work the factory.
*May 1945: Russians liberated Brněnec. Afterwards, the Communist government of Czechoslovakia nationalized the factory.
*1989: [[Fall of Communism]]. The factory went into private hands. In its last years the factory made car seat covers and airline blankets. Its last general manager was František Olbert.
*2010: The factory closed and was left abandoned. Afterwards, thieves stripped out much of its wood and metal.
*2017: The local government of [[Brno]] invited the Low-Beers to come back to the area. František Olbert approached [[Daniel Low-Beer]].
*Daniel Low-Beer works for the [[World Health Organization]] in [[Geneva]] and runs the [[Ark Foundation]], which owns the factory. There is a plan to turn the derelict factory into a museum called Schindler's Ark.


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
*[[František Bartoš (composer)|František Bartoš]] (1905–1973), composer, music critic and musicologist
*[[Oskar Schindler]] (1908–1974), World War II-era industrialist who saved 1,200 Jewish lives
*[[Oskar Schindler]] (1908–1974), World War II-era industrialist who saved 1,200 Jewish lives


Line 98: Line 112:


==External links==
==External links==
*{{commonscat-inline|Brněnec}}
{{commons category|Brněnec}}
*{{official|https://obec.brnenec.cz/}}
*[http://www.mikroregionbrnenec.cz/ Microregion Brněnec] {{in lang|cs}}


{{Svitavy District}}
{{Svitavy District}}

⚫
{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Brnenec}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brnenec}}
[[Category:Villages in Svitavy District]]
[[Category:Villages in Svitavy District]]
⚫
{{Authority control}}

Latest revision as of 18:45, 23 October 2024

Brněnec
Municipality
Main street
Main street
Flag of Brněnec
Flag
Coat of arms of Brněnec
Coat of arms
Brněnec is located in Czech Republic
Brněnec
Brněnec
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°37′39″N 16°31′19″E / 49.62750°N 16.52194°E / 49.62750; 16.52194
Country Czech Republic
RegionPardubice
DistrictSvitavy
First mentioned1557
Area
 • Total
6.30 km2 (2.43 sq mi)
Elevation
370 m (1,210 ft)
Population
 (2024-01-01)[1]
 • Total
1,223
 • Density190/km2 (500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
569 04
Websiteobec.brnenec.cz

Brněnec (German: Brünnlitz) is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.

Administrative parts

[edit]

The villages of Chrastová Lhota, Moravská Chrastová and Podlesí are administrative parts of Brněnec.

Geography

[edit]

Brněnec is located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Svitavy and 45 km (28 mi) north of Brno. It lies in the Svitavy Uplands. The highest point is at 555 m (1,821 ft) above sea level. The municipality is situated at the confluence of the Svitava River and the stream Chrastovský potok; the built-up area is located in the valleys of these two watercourses. The Svitava River forms here the historical border between Bohemia and Moravia.

History

[edit]

Next to an old trade route, the settlement of Moravská Chrastová was founded after 1200 by monks from the monastery in Litomyšl. Moravská Chrastová was first mentioned in a document from 1323. The first written mention of Brněnec is in the act of partition of the Svojanov estate from 1557. Until the 18th century, it was a part of Bělá nad Svitavou. After the Löw-Beer family founded here a textile factory, the importance of Brněnec grew.[2]

In 1938, the municipality was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as part of Reichsgau Sudetenland. After World War II, the Germans were expelled.

Schindler factory

[edit]
Main article: Brünnlitz labor camp
Schindler's factory in 2004
The premises of the factory in 2019

The Löw-Beer Jewish family founded a textile producing company in the 1810s, and in 1855 rebuilt an old paper mill in Brněnec into the textile factory. In 1938, it was taken over by Germans.[3]

In 1944, Oskar Schindler relocated his German Enamelware Factory and the associated prison camp of 1,200 Jewish forced labourers from Kraków to a munitions factory acquired by him in Brněnec. The Jewish workforce thus escaped transport to the extermination camps and was liberated along with the rest of the municipality on 10 May 1945 by the Red Army, after the factory had been fully operational for seven months. As of 2016, the Endowment Fund for the Memorial of the Shoah and Oskar Schindler is engaged in turning the ruins of the factory into a museum.[4]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1869784—    
1880977+24.6%
18901,470+50.5%
19001,675+13.9%
19101,929+15.2%
YearPop.±%
19211,618−16.1%
19301,866+15.3%
19501,308−29.9%
19611,471+12.5%
19701,556+5.8%
YearPop.±%
19801,608+3.3%
19911,559−3.0%
20011,427−8.5%
20111,298−9.0%
20211,211−6.7%
Source: Censuses[5][6]

Transport

[edit]

The I/43 road (part of the European route E461) from Brno to Svitavy passes through the municipality.

Moravská Chrastová is located on the railway line heading from Brno to Česká Třebová.[7]

Sights

[edit]
Evangelical church

The most important monument is the Evangelical church in Moravská Chrastová. It was built in the Arts and Crafts style in 1889.[8] Other sights include the Chapel of Saint Isidore in Moravská Chrastová from 1855 and a belfry in Brněnec.[2]

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17.
  2. ^ a b "Historie" (in Czech). Obec Brněnec. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
  3. ^ "Soubor bývalé textilní továrny" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 2021-10-15.
  4. ^ Day, Matthew (2016-08-17). "Czech factory once home to 1,200 Jews saved by Oskar Schindler to be turned into a Holocaust museum". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2016-09-07.
  5. ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21.
  6. ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
  7. ^ "Detail stanice Moravská Chrastová" (in Czech). České dráhy. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
  8. ^ "Evangelický kostel" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
[edit]
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