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{{Short description|German submarine}}
{{other ships|German submarine U-118}}
{{other ships|German submarine U-118}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:SM U 118 Beach.jpg|300px|SM U-118 washed ashore at Hastings, Sussex.]]
|Ship image=[[File:SM U 118 Beach.jpg|300px|SM ''U-118'' washed ashore at Hastings, Sussex]]
|Ship caption= SM U-118 washed ashore at Hastings, Sussex.
|Ship caption= SM ''U-118'' washed ashore at Hastings, Sussex.
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship ordered=27 May 1916
|Ship ordered=27 May 1916
|Ship builder=[[AG Vulcan Stettin]]
|Ship builder=[[AG Vulcan Stettin]]
|Ship yard number=92
|Ship laid down=
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=23 February 1918
|Ship launched=23 February 1918
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|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption={{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=15}}
|Header caption={{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=15}}
|Ship class=[[German Type UE II submarine]]
|Ship class=[[Type UE II submarine]]
|Ship type=Coastal minelaying submarine
|Ship type=Coastal minelaying submarine
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|1164|t|LT|0|lk=in|abbr=on}} surfaced
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|1164|t|LT|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|1512|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged
*{{convert|1512|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged
|Ship length={{convert|81.52|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ([[o/a]])
|Ship length={{convert|81.52|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ([[o/a]])
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|is_multi=yes
|is_multi=yes
|partof=*I Flotilla
|partof=*I Flotilla
*unknown start – 11 November 1918
*Unknown start – 11 November 1918
|commanders=*''Kptlt.'' Herbert Stohwasser<ref>{{cite Uboat.net
|commanders=*''Kptlt.'' Herbert Stohwasser<ref>{{cite Uboat.net
|id=354
|id=354
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*8 May 1918 – 11 November 1918
*8 May 1918 – 11 November 1918
|operations=1 patrol
|operations=1 patrol
|victories=2 merchant ships sunk ({{GRT|10,439}})
|victories=*2 merchant ships sunk <br>({{GRT|10,439}})
}}
}}
|}
|}


'''SM ''U-118'''''{{#tag:ref|"SM" stands for "Seiner Majestät" ({{lang-en|His Majesty's}}) and combined with the ''U'' for ''Unterseeboot'' would be translated as ''His Majesty's Submarine''.|group=Note}} was a [[German Type UE II submarine|type UE II]] mine laying submarine of the [[Imperial German Navy]] and one of 329 [[submarine]]s serving with that navy during [[World War I]].
'''SM ''U-118'''''{{#tag:ref|"SM" stands for "Seiner Majestät" ({{langx|en|His Majesty's}}) and combined with the ''U'' for ''Unterseeboot'' would be translated as ''His Majesty's Submarine''.|group=Note}} was a [[Type UE II submarine|type UE II]] mine-laying submarine of the [[Imperial German Navy]] and one of 329 [[submarine]]s serving with that navy during [[World War I]].


''U-118'' engaged in [[Naval warfare of World War I|naval warfare]] and took part in the [[First Battle of the Atlantic]].<ref name=U118>{{cite Uboat.net
''U-118'' engaged in [[Naval warfare of World War I|naval warfare]] and took part in the [[First Battle of the Atlantic]].<ref name=U118>{{cite Uboat.net
Line 76: Line 78:


==Career==
==Career==
SM ''U-118'' was [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 8 May 1918, following her construction at the [[AG Vulcan Stettin]] shipyard in Hamburg. She was commanded by Herbert Stohwasser and joined the I Flotilla operating in the eastern Atlantic. After four months without sinking any ships, on 16 September 1918, the SM U-118 scored her first hit. Some {{convert|175|mi}} north-west of Cape Villano, the U-118 torpedoed and sank the British steamer ''Wellington''. The following month, on 2 October 1918, she sank her second and last ship, the British tanker ''Arca'' at about {{convert|40|mi}} north-west of [[Tory Island]].<ref name=U118/> The [[Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)|ending of hostilities]] on 11 November 1918 led to the subsequent surrender of the Imperial German Navy. The SM U-118 was surrendered to the Allies at [[Harwich]] on 23 February 1919.<ref name="wreck">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?138132|title=U-118|access-date=24 January 2010}}</ref>
SM ''U-118'' was [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 8 May 1918, following her construction at the [[AG Vulcan Stettin]] shipyard in Hamburg. She was commanded by Herbert Stohwasser and joined the I Flotilla operating in the eastern Atlantic. After four months without sinking any ships, on 16 September 1918, the ''U-118'' scored her first hit. Some {{convert|175|mi}} north-west of Cape Villano, the ''U-118'' torpedoed and sank the British steamer ''Wellington''. The following month, on 2 October 1918, she sank her second and last ship, the British tanker ''Arca'' at about {{convert|40|mi}} north-west of [[Tory Island]].<ref name=U118/> The [[Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)|ending of hostilities]] on 11 November 1918 led to the subsequent surrender of the Imperial German Navy. ''U-118'' was surrendered to the Allies at [[Harwich]] on 23 February 1919.<ref name="wreck">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?138132|title=U-118|access-date=24 January 2010}}</ref>


==Beaching at Hastings==
==Beaching at Hastings==
''U-118'' was to be transferred to France, but while in tow from Harwich to [[Brest, France|Brest]], in company with [[SM UB-121|UB-121]], in the early hours of 15 April 1919, she broke tow in a storm, and ran aground on the beach at [[Hastings]] in [[Sussex]] at approximately 00:45, directly in front of the Queens Hotel.
''U-118'' was to be transferred to France, but while in tow from Harwich to [[Brest, France|Brest]], in company with {{SMS|UB-121|sub=y}}, in the early hours of 15 April 1919, she broke tow in a storm, and ran aground on the beach at [[Hastings]] in [[Sussex]] at approximately 00:45, directly in front of the Queens Hotel.


Initially, there were attempts to displace the stricken vessel. Three tractors tried to refloat the submarine, and a French [[destroyer]] attempted to break the ship apart using her guns.<ref name="wreck" /> All were unsuccessful, and the closeness of the submarine to the public beach and the Queens Hotel prevented the use of explosives.
Initially, there were attempts to displace the stricken vessel. Three tractors tried to refloat the submarine, and a French [[destroyer]] attempted to break the boat apart using her guns.<ref name="wreck" /> All were unsuccessful, and the closeness of the submarine to the public beach and the Queens Hotel prevented the use of explosives.


The stranded submarine became a popular tourist attraction, and thousands visited Hastings that Easter to see her. She was under the authority of the local coast guard station, and the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] allowed the Town Clerk of Hastings to charge a small fee for visitors to climb on the deck. This went on for two weeks, during which the town gained almost £300 (UK£ {{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|300|1918|r=-2}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}}) to help fund a welcome for the town's soldiers returning from the war.<ref name="wreck" />
The stranded submarine became a popular tourist attraction, and thousands visited Hastings that Easter to see her. She was under the authority of the local coast guard station, and the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] allowed the town clerk of Hastings to charge a small fee for visitors to climb on the deck. This went on for two weeks, during which the town gained almost £300 (UK£ {{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|300|1918|r=-2}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}}) to help fund a welcome for the town's soldiers returning from the war.<ref name="wreck" />


Two members of the coast guard, chief boatman William Heard and chief officer W. Moore, showed important visitors around the interior of the submarine. The visits were curtailed in late April, when both coast guard men became severely ill. Rotting food on board was thought to be the cause, but the men's condition persisted and got worse. Moore died in December 1919, followed by Heard in February 1920. An inquest decided that a noxious gas, possibly chlorine released from the submarine's damaged batteries, had caused abscesses on the men's lungs and brain.<ref name="wreck" />
Two members of the coast guard, chief boatman William Heard and chief officer W. Moore, showed important visitors around the interior of the submarine. The visits were curtailed in late April, when both coast guard men became severely ill. Rotting food on board was thought to be the cause, but the men's condition persisted and got worse. Moore died in December 1919, followed by Heard in February 1920. An inquest decided that a noxious gas, possibly chlorine released from the submarine's damaged batteries, had caused abscesses on the men's lungs and brain.<ref name="wreck" />


Although visits inside the submarine had stopped, tourists still came to be photographed alongside or on the U-boat's deck.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/u-boats.htm|title=U-boats|access-date=24 January 2010}}</ref> The wreck was sold by the [[British Admiralty]] to James Dredging Co. on 21 May 1919 for £2,200 (£ {{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|2200|1919|r=-3}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}}) and broken up on the beach until 1921.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dodson |first1=Aidan |last2=Cant |first2=Serena |title=Spoils of War: the fate of enemy fleets after the two World Wars |date=2020 |publisher=Seaforth |location=Barnsley |isbn=978 1 5267 4198 1 |pages=22, 24, 96–98,125}}</ref> The [[deck gun]] was left behind, but was removed in 1921. Some of the ship's keel may yet remain buried in the beach sand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hastingschronicle.co.uk/|title=Key events 1900 – 1949|access-date=24 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225234509/http://www.hastingschronicle.co.uk/|archive-date=25 February 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Although visits inside the submarine had stopped, tourists still came to be photographed alongside or on the U-boat's deck.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/u-boats.htm|title=U-boats|access-date=24 January 2010}}</ref> The wreck was sold by the [[British Admiralty]] to James Dredging Co. on 21 May 1919 for £2,200 (£ {{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|2200|1919|r=-3}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}}) and broken up on the beach until 1921.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dodson |first1=Aidan |last2=Cant |first2=Serena |title=Spoils of War: the fate of enemy fleets after the two World Wars |date=2020 |publisher=Seaforth |location=Barnsley |isbn=978-1-5267-4198-1 |pages=22, 24, 96–98,125}}</ref> The [[deck gun]] was left behind, but was removed in 1921. Some of the ship's keel may yet remain buried in the beach sand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hastingschronicle.co.uk/|title=Key events 1900 – 1949|access-date=24 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225234509/http://www.hastingschronicle.co.uk/|archive-date=25 February 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

⚫
==Gallery==
⚫
<gallery>
⚫
File:SM U 118 hinten.JPG|A postcard showing SM U-118 washed ashore.
⚫
File:SM U 118 sturm.jpg|SM U-118 shortly after being beached at Hastings.
⚫
File:SM U 118 seaview.jpg|Ground view of SM U-118 in front of the Queen's hotel.
⚫
File:SM U 118 crowded.jpg|SM U-118 crowded with tourists.
⚫
File:SM U 118 Hastings.jpg|Aerial view of SM U-118 in front of the Queen's hotel.
⚫
File:Uboat3.jpg|SM U-118 being dismantled.
⚫
</gallery>


==Summary of raiding history==
==Summary of raiding history==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
! width="140px"|Date
! width="140px"|Date
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52 crew members lost
52 crew members lost
|}
|}

⚫
==Gallery==
⚫
<gallery>
⚫
File:SM U 118 hinten.JPG|A postcard showing SM ''U-118'' washed ashore.
⚫
File:SM U 118 sturm.jpg|SM ''U-118'' shortly after being beached at Hastings.
⚫
File:SM U 118 seaview.jpg|Ground view of SM ''U-118'' in front of the Queen's hotel.
⚫
File:SM U 118 crowded.jpg|SM ''U-118'' crowded with tourists.
⚫
File:SM U 118 Hastings.jpg|Aerial view of SM ''U-118'' in front of the Queen's hotel.
⚫
File:Uboat3.jpg|SM ''U-118'' being dismantled.
⚫
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
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|translator-first2=Rachel
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|title=German Warships 1815–1945, U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press

Latest revision as of 22:58, 25 October 2024

For other ships with the same name, see German submarine U-118.
SM U-118 washed ashore at Hastings, Sussex
SM U-118 washed ashore at Hastings, Sussex.
History
German Empire
NameU-118
Ordered27 May 1916
BuilderAG Vulcan Stettin
Yard number92
Launched23 February 1918
Commissioned8 May 1918
HomeportHamburg
FateSurrendered on 23 February 1919. Tow cable snapped during her voyage to France and she went aground on Hastings Beach on 15 April 1919. She was later broken up.
General characteristics [1]
Class and typeType UE II submarine
TypeCoastal minelaying submarine
Displacement
  • 1,164 t (1,146 long tons) surfaced
  • 1,512 t (1,488 long tons) submerged
Length81.52 m (267 ft 5 in) (o/a)
Beam7.42 m (24 ft 4 in)
Height10.16 m (33 ft 4 in)
Draught4.22 m (13 ft 10 in)
Installed power
Propulsion2 shafts, 2 × 1.61 m (5 ft 3 in) propellers
Speed
  • 14.7 knots (27.2 km/h; 16.9 mph) surfaced
  • 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph) submerged
Range
  • 13,900 nmi (25,700 km; 16,000 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) surfaced
  • 35 nmi (65 km; 40 mi) at 4.5 knots (8.3 km/h; 5.2 mph) submerged
Test depth75 m (246 ft)
Complement4 officers, 36 enlisted
Armament
Service record
Part of:
  • I Flotilla
  • Unknown start – 11 November 1918
Commanders:
  • Kptlt. Herbert Stohwasser[2]
  • 8 May 1918 – 11 November 1918
Operations: 1 patrol
Victories: 2 merchant ships sunk
(10,439 GRT)

SM U-118[Note 1] was a type UE II mine-laying submarine of the Imperial German Navy and one of 329 submarines serving with that navy during World War I.

U-118 engaged in naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic.[3]

Career

[edit]

SM U-118 was commissioned on 8 May 1918, following her construction at the AG Vulcan Stettin shipyard in Hamburg. She was commanded by Herbert Stohwasser and joined the I Flotilla operating in the eastern Atlantic. After four months without sinking any ships, on 16 September 1918, the U-118 scored her first hit. Some 175 miles (282 km) north-west of Cape Villano, the U-118 torpedoed and sank the British steamer Wellington. The following month, on 2 October 1918, she sank her second and last ship, the British tanker Arca at about 40 miles (64 km) north-west of Tory Island.[3] The ending of hostilities on 11 November 1918 led to the subsequent surrender of the Imperial German Navy. U-118 was surrendered to the Allies at Harwich on 23 February 1919.[4]

Beaching at Hastings

[edit]

U-118 was to be transferred to France, but while in tow from Harwich to Brest, in company with SM UB-121, in the early hours of 15 April 1919, she broke tow in a storm, and ran aground on the beach at Hastings in Sussex at approximately 00:45, directly in front of the Queens Hotel.

Initially, there were attempts to displace the stricken vessel. Three tractors tried to refloat the submarine, and a French destroyer attempted to break the boat apart using her guns.[4] All were unsuccessful, and the closeness of the submarine to the public beach and the Queens Hotel prevented the use of explosives.

The stranded submarine became a popular tourist attraction, and thousands visited Hastings that Easter to see her. She was under the authority of the local coast guard station, and the Admiralty allowed the town clerk of Hastings to charge a small fee for visitors to climb on the deck. This went on for two weeks, during which the town gained almost £300 (UK£ 18,500 in 2024) to help fund a welcome for the town's soldiers returning from the war.[4]

Two members of the coast guard, chief boatman William Heard and chief officer W. Moore, showed important visitors around the interior of the submarine. The visits were curtailed in late April, when both coast guard men became severely ill. Rotting food on board was thought to be the cause, but the men's condition persisted and got worse. Moore died in December 1919, followed by Heard in February 1920. An inquest decided that a noxious gas, possibly chlorine released from the submarine's damaged batteries, had caused abscesses on the men's lungs and brain.[4]

Although visits inside the submarine had stopped, tourists still came to be photographed alongside or on the U-boat's deck.[5] The wreck was sold by the British Admiralty to James Dredging Co. on 21 May 1919 for £2,200 (£ 128,000 in 2024) and broken up on the beach until 1921.[6] The deck gun was left behind, but was removed in 1921. Some of the ship's keel may yet remain buried in the beach sand.[7]

Summary of raiding history

[edit]
Date Name Nationality Tonnage[Note 2] Fate[8]
16 September 1918 Wellington  United Kingdom 5,600 Sunk

5 crew members lost

2 October 1918 Arca  United Kingdom 4,839 Sunk

52 crew members lost

[edit]
  • A postcard showing SM U-118 washed ashore.
    A postcard showing SM U-118 washed ashore.
  • SM U-118 shortly after being beached at Hastings.
    SM U-118 shortly after being beached at Hastings.
  • Ground view of SM U-118 in front of the Queen's hotel.
    Ground view of SM U-118 in front of the Queen's hotel.
  • SM U-118 crowded with tourists.
    SM U-118 crowded with tourists.
  • Aerial view of SM U-118 in front of the Queen's hotel.
    Aerial view of SM U-118 in front of the Queen's hotel.
  • SM U-118 being dismantled.
    SM U-118 being dismantled.

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "SM" stands for "Seiner Majestät" (English: His Majesty's) and combined with the U for Unterseeboot would be translated as His Majesty's Submarine.
  2. ^ Tonnages are in gross register tons

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Gröner 1991, p. 15.
  2. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Herbert Stohwasser". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  3. ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: U 118". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d "U-118". Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  5. ^ "U-boats". Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  6. ^ Dodson, Aidan; Cant, Serena (2020). Spoils of War: the fate of enemy fleets after the two World Wars. Barnsley: Seaforth. pp. 22, 24, 96–98, 125. ISBN 978-1-5267-4198-1.
  7. ^ "Key events 1900 – 1949". Archived from the original on 25 February 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  8. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U 118". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 April 2016.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). German Warships 1815–1945, U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
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