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{{Short description|Greek communist politician}}
[[File:Pantelis Pouliopoulos.jpg|thumb|upright|Pandelis Pouliopoulos.]]
{{Infobox officeholder
⚫
'''Pandelis Pouliopoulos''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Παντελής Πουλιόπουλος; 10 March 1900, [[Thebes]]{{spaced ndash}}6 June 1943, near [[Larissa]]) was a [[Greek people|Greek]] [[communist]] and onetime general secretary of the [[Communist Party of Greece]] (KKE). He stood for the [[proletarian internationalism|internationalist]] and [[socialist revolution|revolutionary]] character of the [[communism|communist movement]]. He is the founder of the [[Trotskyism|trotskyist movement]] in [[Greece]].
⚫
| name = Pandelis Pouliopoulos
| image = Pantelis Pouliopoulos.jpg
| caption =
| office = [[General Secretary]] of the [[Communist Party of Greece]]
| term_start = December 1924
| term_end = September 1926
| birth_date = 10 March 1900
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1943|06|06|1900|03|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]], [[Greece]]
| death_place = [[Larissa]], [[Greece]]
| party = [[Communist Party of Greece]] <br/> [[Organisation of Internationalist Communists of Greece]]
⚫
}}
⚫
'''Pandelis Pouliopoulos''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Παντελής Πουλιόπουλος; 10 March 1900{{spaced ndash}}6 June 1943) was a [[Greek people|Greek]] [[communist]], [[anti-fascism|anti-fascist]], and one-time general secretary of the [[Communist Party of Greece]] (KKE). He stood for the [[proletarian internationalism|internationalist]] and [[socialist revolution|revolutionary]] character of the [[communism|communist movement]]. He is among the founders of the [[Trotskyism|Trotskyist movement]] in [[Greece]].


== History ==
Born in [[Thiva]], [[Greece]], Pouliopoulos enrolled at [[Athens University]] in 1919 to study [[law]]. In 1919, he joined the Socialist Labour Party of Greece (SEKE), the forerunner of the Communist Party of Greece.
Born in [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]], [[Greece]], Pouliopoulos enrolled at [[Athens University]] in 1919 to study law. In 1919, he joined the [[Socialist Labour Party of Greece]] (SEKE), the forerunner of the Communist Party of Greece.


In 1920, he was conscripted to fight in the [[Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)|Greek-Turkish war of 1919-1922]]. He was arrested in 1922 for anti-war activity, but was freed with the end of the war.
In 1920, he was conscripted to fight in the [[Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)|Greek-Turkish war of 1919-1922]]. He was arrested in 1922 for anti-war activity but was freed with the end of the war.


From 1923 to 1925, was prominent in war veterans movement and, in 1924, was elected president of the [[Panhellenic Federation of Veterans]].<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/pouliop/works/1924/05/x01.htm What the Veterans and Army Victims Demand<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.marxists.org</ref>
From 1923 to 1925, Pouliopoulos was prominent in the war veterans' movement and was elected president of the [[Panhellenic Federation of Veterans]] in 1924.<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/pouliop/works/1924/05/x01.htm What the Veterans and Army Victims Demand<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.marxists.org</ref>


In 1924, was party delegate to the fifth congress of the [[Comintern]]. Later that year he became general secretary of the KKE. On 24 August 1925, Pouliopoulos, along with 23 others, was placed on tried in [[Athens]] on charges of promoting the autonomy of [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]] and [[Thrace]].<ref>http://www.marxists.org/archive/pouliop/works/1940/05/commac.htm</ref> He gave a five hour speech in his defence and the trial was adjourned. On 22 February 1926, the trial of the "autonomists" resumed. The charges were dropped, but instead of being released, the men were exiled to [[Anafi]], [[Amorgos]] and [[Folegandros]] islands.
In 1924, he was a party delegate to the fifth congress of the [[Comintern]]. Later that year, he became general secretary of the KKE. On 24 August 1925, Pouliopoulos, along with 23 others, was put on trial in [[Athens]] on charges of promoting the autonomy of [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]] and [[Thrace]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/pouliop/works/1940/05/commac.htm|title = Communists and the Macedonian Question}}</ref> He gave a five-hour speech in his defence and the trial was adjourned. On 22 February, 1926, the trial of the "autonomists" resumed. The charges were dropped, but instead of being released, the men were exiled to [[Anafi]], [[Amorgos]] and [[Folegandros]] islands.


Pouliopoulos was taken to Folegandros island. He was freed in 1926 with the fall of the [[Theodoros Pangalos (general)|Pangalos]] dictatorship. Although he resigned in September 1926 after his leadership was blamed for the poor performance of the party, he was reinstated by the Comintern.
Pouliopoulos was taken to Folegandros island. He was freed in 1926 with the fall of the [[Theodoros Pangalos (general)|Pangalos]] dictatorship. Although he resigned in September 1926 after his leadership was blamed for the poor performance of the party, he was reinstated by the Comintern.


At the party's congress in March 1927, Pouliopoulos (along with [[Pastias Giatsopoulos]]) was removed from the Central Committee. Later that year, they were formally expelled from the party after publishing and circulating the ''New Beginning'' (Greek: ''Neo Ksekinima'') pamphlet.<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/pouliop/works/1927/07/02.htm A Political Villainy<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.marxists.org</ref> They subsequently formed an oppositional group which aligned itself with the [[International Left Opposition]]. They began to publish a journal called ''Spartacus'' from December 1928 onwards. They refused to join [[Archeiomarxists]] group which split the KKE, regarding it as having a sectarian attitude towards the party.
At the party's congress in March 1927, Pouliopoulos (along with [[Pastias Giatsopoulos]]) was removed from the Central Committee. Later that year, they were formally expelled from the party after publishing and circulating the pamphlet ''New Beginning'' (Greek: ''Neo Ksekinima'').<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/pouliop/works/1927/07/02.htm A Political Villainy<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.marxists.org</ref> They subsequently formed an opposition group which aligned itself with the [[International Left Opposition]]. They began to publish a journal called ''Spartacus'' from December 1928 onwards. They refused to join the [[Archeiomarxists]] group which split from the KKE, regarding it as having a sectarian attitude towards the party.


When the Archeiomarxists were accepted as the representatives of the International Left Opposition in Greece, [[Leon Trotsky]] condemned the Pouliopoulos' group, which was excluded from the Trotskyist movement along with the 'Fractionalists' who had just split from the Archeiomarxists led by [[Michel Pablo]].
When the Archeiomarxists were accepted as the representatives of the International Left Opposition in Greece, [[Leon Trotsky]] condemned Pouliopoulos' group, which was excluded from the Trotskyist movement along with the 'Fractionalists' who had just split from the Archeiomarxists led by [[Michel Pablo]].


In 1934, the two groups joined together to set up the [[Organization of Communist Internationalists of Greece|Organisation of Internationalist Communists of Greece]] (OKDE) in 1934, and for a while Pouliopoulos maintained links with other oppositional groups around Landau and Molinier, opposing the movement to create a new International from 1933 onwards, but took the initiative in the move to unite the Greek Trotskyists in 1938 to form the [[Unified Organisation of Communist Internationalists of Greece]] (EOKDE). In September 1938, the EOKDE was present at the founding of the [[Fourth International]] in [[Paris]].
In 1934, the two groups joined together to set up the [[Organisation of Internationalist Communists of Greece]] (OKDE) in 1934, and for a while Pouliopoulos maintained links with other opposition groups around Landau and Molinier, opposing the movement to create a new International from 1933 onwards. However, he took the initiative in the move to unite the Greek Trotskyists in 1938 to form the [[Unified Organisation of Communist Internationalists of Greece]] (EOKDE). In September 1938, the EOKDE was present at the founding of the [[Fourth International]] in [[Paris]].


In 1938, after going into hiding, he was eventually arrested by the [[Ioannis Metaxas|Metaxas]] dictatorship and imprisoned in the [[Acronauplia]], where he continued his work. In 1943, along with over a hundred other militants, he was executed by the [[Italy|Italian]] occupation forces in [[Nezero]], near [[Larissa]], in retaliation for the destruction by partisans of the [[Gorgopotamos]] bridge. Speaking in Italian to the squad of soldiers given the job of executing him, he exhorted them not to commit such a crime against the anti-fascist resisters and their adversaries in the war. When the soldiers refused to be executioners, it was the [[Carabinieri]] who were given the task.
In 1938, after going into hiding, he was eventually arrested by the [[Ioannis Metaxas|Metaxas]] dictatorship and imprisoned in the [[Acronauplia]], where he continued his work. In 1943, along with over a hundred other militants, he was executed by the [[Italy|Italian]] occupation forces in [[Nezero]], near [[Larissa]], in retaliation for the destruction by partisans of the Kournovo tunnel. There is a postwar claim that he spoke in Italian to the firing squad, exhorting them not to commit such a crime against the anti-fascist resistance and opponents of the war. When the soldiers refused to execute him, [[Carabinieri]] are said to have done so instead.


Pouliopoulos translated into Greek [[Karl Marx|Marx's]] ''[[Das Kapital]]'' and ''[[Critique of Political Economy]]'', [[Leon Trotsky|L. Trotsky]]’s ''[[The Revolution Betrayed]]'', [[Karl Kautsky|K. Kautsky]]’s ''Economic Theories of Karl Marx'' and ''Kant'' as well as [[Nikolai Bukharin|N. Bukharin]]’s ''History of Historical Materialism''.
Pouliopoulos translated into Greek [[Karl Marx|Marx's]] ''[[Das Kapital]]'' and ''[[Critique of Political Economy]]'', [[Leon Trotsky|L. Trotsky]]’s ''[[The Revolution Betrayed]]'', [[Karl Kautsky|K. Kautsky]]’s ''Economic Theories of Karl Marx'' and ''Kant'' and also [[Nikolai Bukharin|N. Bukharin]]’s ''History of Historical Materialism''.


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Sources==
==Sources==
* [http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/p/o.htm#pouliopoulos Pouliopoulos biography], from "Encyclopedia of Marxism" of [[Marxists Internet Archive]]
* [http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/p/o.htm#pouliopoulos Pouliopoulos biography], from "Encyclopedia of Marxism" of [[Marxists Internet Archive]]
* [http://www.marxists.org/archive/pouliop/index.htm Pandelis Pouliopoulos Archive], a section of [[Marxists Internet Archive]]
* [http://www.marxists.org/archive/pouliop/index.htm Pandelis Pouliopoulos Archive], a section of [[Marxists Internet Archive]]
* [http://www.revolutionary-history.co.uk/backiss/Vol3/No3/StalTrot.html Stalinism and Trotskyism in Greece (1924-1949)] by [[Loukas Karliaftis]] at [[Revolutionary History]] magazine
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020505001548/http://www.revolutionary-history.co.uk/backiss/Vol3/No3/StalTrot.html Stalinism and Trotskyism in Greece (1924-1949)] by [[Loukas Karliaftis]] at [[Revolutionary History]] magazine
{{KKE General Secretaries}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
⚫
| NAME = Pouliopoulos, Pandelis
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1900
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1943
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pouliopoulos, Pandelis}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pouliopoulos, Pandelis}}
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Boeotia]]
[[Category:People from Thebes, Greece]]
[[Category:Communist Party of Greece politicians]]
[[Category:General secretaries of the Communist Party of Greece]]
[[Category:Greek Trotskyists]]
[[Category:Greek Trotskyists]]
[[Category:People executed by firing squad‎]]
[[Category:Executed communists]]
[[Category:Executed Greek people]]
[[Category:Executed Greek people]]
[[Category:People executed by Italy]]
[[Category:People executed by Italy by firing squad]]
[[Category:Greece in World War II]]
[[Category:Greece in World War II]]

[[el:Παντελής Πουλιόπουλος]]
[[fa:پاندلیس پولیوپولوس]]
[[fr:Pantelís Pouliópoulos]]
[[mk:Пантелис Пулјопулос]]
[[ru:Пулиопулос, Панделис]]

Latest revision as of 17:02, 27 October 2024

Pandelis Pouliopoulos
General Secretary of the Communist Party of Greece
In office
December 1924 – September 1926
Personal details
Born10 March 1900
Thebes, Greece
Died6 June 1943(1943-06-06) (aged 43)
Larissa, Greece
Political partyCommunist Party of Greece
Organisation of Internationalist Communists of Greece

Pandelis Pouliopoulos (Greek: Παντελής Πουλιόπουλος; 10 March 1900 – 6 June 1943) was a Greek communist, anti-fascist, and one-time general secretary of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE). He stood for the internationalist and revolutionary character of the communist movement. He is among the founders of the Trotskyist movement in Greece.

History

[edit]

Born in Thebes, Greece, Pouliopoulos enrolled at Athens University in 1919 to study law. In 1919, he joined the Socialist Labour Party of Greece (SEKE), the forerunner of the Communist Party of Greece.

In 1920, he was conscripted to fight in the Greek-Turkish war of 1919-1922. He was arrested in 1922 for anti-war activity but was freed with the end of the war.

From 1923 to 1925, Pouliopoulos was prominent in the war veterans' movement and was elected president of the Panhellenic Federation of Veterans in 1924.[1]

In 1924, he was a party delegate to the fifth congress of the Comintern. Later that year, he became general secretary of the KKE. On 24 August 1925, Pouliopoulos, along with 23 others, was put on trial in Athens on charges of promoting the autonomy of Macedonia and Thrace.[2] He gave a five-hour speech in his defence and the trial was adjourned. On 22 February, 1926, the trial of the "autonomists" resumed. The charges were dropped, but instead of being released, the men were exiled to Anafi, Amorgos and Folegandros islands.

Pouliopoulos was taken to Folegandros island. He was freed in 1926 with the fall of the Pangalos dictatorship. Although he resigned in September 1926 after his leadership was blamed for the poor performance of the party, he was reinstated by the Comintern.

At the party's congress in March 1927, Pouliopoulos (along with Pastias Giatsopoulos) was removed from the Central Committee. Later that year, they were formally expelled from the party after publishing and circulating the pamphlet New Beginning (Greek: Neo Ksekinima).[3] They subsequently formed an opposition group which aligned itself with the International Left Opposition. They began to publish a journal called Spartacus from December 1928 onwards. They refused to join the Archeiomarxists group which split from the KKE, regarding it as having a sectarian attitude towards the party.

When the Archeiomarxists were accepted as the representatives of the International Left Opposition in Greece, Leon Trotsky condemned Pouliopoulos' group, which was excluded from the Trotskyist movement along with the 'Fractionalists' who had just split from the Archeiomarxists led by Michel Pablo.

In 1934, the two groups joined together to set up the Organisation of Internationalist Communists of Greece (OKDE) in 1934, and for a while Pouliopoulos maintained links with other opposition groups around Landau and Molinier, opposing the movement to create a new International from 1933 onwards. However, he took the initiative in the move to unite the Greek Trotskyists in 1938 to form the Unified Organisation of Communist Internationalists of Greece (EOKDE). In September 1938, the EOKDE was present at the founding of the Fourth International in Paris.

In 1938, after going into hiding, he was eventually arrested by the Metaxas dictatorship and imprisoned in the Acronauplia, where he continued his work. In 1943, along with over a hundred other militants, he was executed by the Italian occupation forces in Nezero, near Larissa, in retaliation for the destruction by partisans of the Kournovo tunnel. There is a postwar claim that he spoke in Italian to the firing squad, exhorting them not to commit such a crime against the anti-fascist resistance and opponents of the war. When the soldiers refused to execute him, Carabinieri are said to have done so instead.

Pouliopoulos translated into Greek Marx's Das Kapital and Critique of Political Economy, L. Trotsky’s The Revolution Betrayed, K. Kautsky’s Economic Theories of Karl Marx and Kant and also N. Bukharin’s History of Historical Materialism.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ What the Veterans and Army Victims Demand at www.marxists.org
  2. ^ "Communists and the Macedonian Question".
  3. ^ A Political Villainy at www.marxists.org

Sources

[edit]
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