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Coordinates: 1°50′S 78°20′W / 1.833°S 78.333°W / -1.833; -78.333
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{{Hatnote|Not to be confused with [[Sanjay National Park]] in [[India]]}}
{{Distinguish|Sanjay National Park}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox Protected area
{{Infobox Protected area
| name = Sangay National Park
| name = Sangay National Park
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| photo_caption = Sangay National Park
| photo_caption = Sangay National Park
| location = [[Ecuador]]
| location = [[Ecuador]]
| nearest_city =
| embedded1 = {{designation list | embed=yes
| embedded1 = {{designation list | embed=yes
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1 = WHS
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| designation1_type = Natural
| designation1_type = Natural
| designation1_criteria = vii, viii, ix, x
| designation1_criteria = vii, viii, ix, x
| designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/260 260]
| designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/260 260]
| designation1_free1name = State Party
| designation1_free1name = Region
| designation1_free1value = [[Ecuador]]
| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas|Latin America and the Caribbean]]
| designation1_free2name = Region
| designation1_free2name = [[List of World Heritage in Danger|Endangered]]
| designation1_free2value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas|Latin America and the Caribbean]]
| designation1_free2value = 1992–2005
| designation1_free3name = [[List of World Heritage in Danger|Endangered]]
| designation1_free3value = 1992–2005
}}
}}
| map = Ecuador
| map = Ecuador
| relief = 1
| relief = 1
| coordinates = {{coord|1|50|S|78|20|W|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|1|50|S|78|20|W|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| area_km2 = 5,177.65
| established = 1979
| established = 1979
|area={{convert|5177.65|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}}}
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body =
}}


'''Sangay National Park''' ({{lang-es|Parque Nacional Sangay}}) is a [[national park]] located in the [[Morona Santiago]], [[Chimborazo Province|Chimborazo]] and [[Tungurahua Province|Tungurahua]] provinces of [[Ecuador]]. The park contains two active [[volcano]]es ([[Tungurahua]] and [[Sangay]]), one extinct volcano [[El Altar]] (Kapak Urku), and [[ecosystem]]s ranging from [[tropical]] [[rainforest]]s to [[glacier]]s.
'''Sangay National Park''' ({{langx|es|Parque Nacional Sangay}}) is a [[national park]] located in the [[Morona-Santiago Province|Morona-Santiago]], [[Chimborazo Province|Chimborazo]], [[Tungurahua Province|Tungurahua]], [[Cañar Province|Cañar]], and [[Azuay Province|Azuay]] provinces of [[Ecuador]]. The park contains two active [[volcano]]es ([[Tungurahua]] and [[Sangay]]), one extinct volcano [[El Altar]] (Kapak Urku). Protecting a range of elevations from {{Convert|900|to|5319|m|sp=us|ft}} above sea level, Sangay National Park contains a wide variety of habitats, including [[glacier]]s, volcanic landscapes, tropical [[rainforest]]s, [[cloud forest]]s, wetlands, grasslands, and one of the largest regions of [[páramo]] (high elevation moorlands) in Ecuador.<ref name = "unesco"/> 327 lakes feed into a vast wetland system covering {{Convert|31.5|km2|mi2|sp=us}}.<ref name = "unesco"/>


The park has been listed as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] since 1983. In 1992, it was added to the [[List of World Heritage in Danger]] due to illegal [[poaching]], extensive [[grazing]], unplanned road construction and encroachment of the park's perimeter. It was removed from the UNESCO list of endangered sites in 2005.
Because of its complex ecology and geology, as well as its outstanding biodiversity, the park has been listed as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] since 1983.<ref name = "unesco">{{cite web |url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/260 |title = Sangay National Park |website = UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |access-date = 5 September 2021}}</ref> In 1992, it was added to the [[List of World Heritage in Danger]] due to illegal [[poaching]], extensive [[grazing]], unplanned road construction, and encroachment of the park's perimeter. It was removed from the UNESCO list of endangered sites in 2005.


==Fauna==
==Etymology==
The word "sangay" comes from the [[Shuar|Shuar language]] word ''samkay'', or "volcano."<ref name=Amph>{{BioRef|amphibiaweb
⚫
The National Park is an important refuge for rare species of the [[Andes]], like [[mountain tapir]] and [[spectacled bear]]. Especially for the mountain tapir, the park is one of the most important strongholds.<ref>Downer, CC. (1996) ''The mountain tapir, endangered 'flagship' species of the high Andes''. Oryx 30 (1): 45–58. [http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=3872384&q=sangay+national+park+tapir&uid=788425701&setcookie=yes online abstract]</ref>
|title=''Osteocephalus sangay''
In the forests below live spectacled bears, [[giant otter]], [[Ecuadorian jaguar]], [[ocelot]], [[margay]], [[Brazilian tapir]], [[white-tailed deer]] (''Odocoileus virginianus ustus''), [[Little Red Brocket|little red brocket deer]] and [[Northern pudu]]. About 300-400 bird species inhabit the Park.<ref>UNEP & WCMC: ''SANGAY NATIONAL PARK ECUADOR'', (letztes update 2005) [http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Sangay.pdf PDF]</ref>
|author1= Julio César Carrión
|editor=
|date=February 27, 2022
|language=es
|url=https://amphibiaweb.org/species/9133
|access-date=July 24, 2022}}</ref>
==Biodiversity==
Due to the variety of habitats found within the park, the fertile volcanic soil, and the relatively unaltered landscape, Sangay National Park preserves an exceptional number of native species.<ref name = "unesco"/> Over 3,000 flowering plant species have been documented within the park, in addition to more than 430 bird, 107 mammal, 33 amphibian, 14 reptile, and 17 fish species.<ref name = "unesco"/>

⚫
The National Park is an important refuge for rare species of the [[Andes]], like the [[mountain tapir]] and [[spectacled bear]]. The park is a vital stronghold for the endangered mountain tapir in particular.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Downer, CC. |year=1996 |title=The mountain tapir, endangered 'flagship' species of the high Andes |journal=Oryx |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=45–58 |doi=10.1017/s0030605300021384|doi-access=free }}</ref>
In the forests below live spectacled bears, [[giant otter]], [[South American jaguar|jaguar]], [[ocelot]], [[margay]], [[Brazilian tapir]], [[white-tailed deer]] (''Odocoileus virginianus ustus''), [[Little Red Brocket|little red brocket deer]] and [[Northern pudu]]. The [[South American cougar|cougar]] and [[pampas cat]] have been recorded in the park as well.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Nowell, K. |author2=Jackson, P. |year=1996 |title=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |location=Gland, Switzerland |publisher=IUCN |url=http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf}}</ref> ''[[Caenolestes sangay]]'', a species of [[shrew opossum]], was originally described in 2013 from specimens collected from Sangay National Park.<ref name = "Ojala-Barbour">{{cite journal |last1= Ojala-Barbour |first1= R. |last2= Pinto |first2= C.M. |last3= Brito |first3= J. |last4= Albuja |first4= L. |last5= Lee |first5= T.E. |last6 = Patterson |first6 = B.D. |year= 2013 |title= A new species of shrew-opossum (Paucituberculata: Caenolestidae) with a phylogeny of extant caenolestids |journal= Journal of Mammalogy |volume= 94 |issue= 5 |pages= 967–982|doi= 10.1644/13-MAMM-A-018.1 |doi-access= free }}</ref>

Over 400 bird species inhabit the Park,<ref>UNEP & WCMC: ''SANGAY NATIONAL PARK ECUADOR'', (letztes update 2005) [http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Sangay.pdf PDF]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and it has been recognised as an [[Important Bird Area]] (IBA) by [[BirdLife International]].<ref name=bli> {{cite web |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/parque-nacional-sangay-iba-ecuador|title= Sangay National Park|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2021|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 21 January 2021}}</ref> Notable bird species resident to the park include the [[Andean Condor]] and [[Andean Cock-of-the-rock]].<ref name = "unesco"/>

In 2016, a new frog species in the genus ''[[Pristimantis]]'' (''Pristimantis tinguichaca'') was described from the park's [[cloud forest]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Brito M|first=J.|last2=Ojala-Barbour|first2=R.|last3=Batallas R|first3=D.|last4=Almendáriz C|first4=A. |year=2016 |title=A New Species of ''Pristimantis'' (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cloud Forest of Sangay National Park, Ecuador |journal=Journal of Herpetology |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=337–344 |doi=10.1670/13-103 |s2cid=55346001 |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1670/13-103}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
Line 53: Line 62:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://Logroño%20Turismo http://logronoturismo.com/]
* [http://Logroño%20Turismo http://logronoturismo.com/]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=260 Sangay National Park on UNESCO World Heritage Centre]
* [https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=260 Sangay National Park on UNESCO World Heritage Centre]
* [http://www.sangay.eu/index.php?lang=en Jean-Claude Petit Butterflies of Sangay National Park]
* [http://www.sangay.eu/index.php?lang=en Jean-Claude Petit Butterflies of Sangay National Park]
* [http://www.cordilleratropical.org/en/default.html Spectacled Bear Research and Conservation Project in Sangay National Park by Fundación Cordillera Tropical]
* [http://www.cordilleratropical.org/en/default.html Spectacled Bear Research and Conservation Project in Sangay National Park by Fundación Cordillera Tropical]


{{Protected areas of Ecuador}}
{{Protected areas of Ecuador}}


{{authority control}}


[[Category:National parks of Ecuador]]
[[Category:National parks of Ecuador]]
Line 70: Line 82:
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Morona-Santiago Province]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Morona-Santiago Province]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Danger]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Danger]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of Ecuador]]

[[Category:Northwestern Andean montane forests]]
{{Ecuador-geo-stub}}
{{Protected-area-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:56, 28 October 2024

Not to be confused with Sanjay National Park.

Sangay National Park
Parque nacional Sangay
Sangay National Park
Map showing the location of Sangay National Park
Map showing the location of Sangay National Park
LocationEcuador
Coordinates1°50′S 78°20′W / 1.833°S 78.333°W / -1.833; -78.333
Area5,177.65 km2 (1,999.10 sq mi)
Established1979
TypeNatural
Criteriavii, viii, ix, x
Designated1983 (7th session)
Reference no.260
RegionLatin America and the Caribbean
Endangered1992–2005

Sangay National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Sangay) is a national park located in the Morona-Santiago, Chimborazo, Tungurahua, Cañar, and Azuay provinces of Ecuador. The park contains two active volcanoes (Tungurahua and Sangay), one extinct volcano El Altar (Kapak Urku). Protecting a range of elevations from 900 to 5,319 meters (2,953 to 17,451 ft) above sea level, Sangay National Park contains a wide variety of habitats, including glaciers, volcanic landscapes, tropical rainforests, cloud forests, wetlands, grasslands, and one of the largest regions of páramo (high elevation moorlands) in Ecuador.[1] 327 lakes feed into a vast wetland system covering 31.5 square kilometers (12.2 sq mi).[1]

Because of its complex ecology and geology, as well as its outstanding biodiversity, the park has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983.[1] In 1992, it was added to the List of World Heritage in Danger due to illegal poaching, extensive grazing, unplanned road construction, and encroachment of the park's perimeter. It was removed from the UNESCO list of endangered sites in 2005.

Etymology

[edit]

The word "sangay" comes from the Shuar language word samkay, or "volcano."[2]

Biodiversity

[edit]

Due to the variety of habitats found within the park, the fertile volcanic soil, and the relatively unaltered landscape, Sangay National Park preserves an exceptional number of native species.[1] Over 3,000 flowering plant species have been documented within the park, in addition to more than 430 bird, 107 mammal, 33 amphibian, 14 reptile, and 17 fish species.[1]

The National Park is an important refuge for rare species of the Andes, like the mountain tapir and spectacled bear. The park is a vital stronghold for the endangered mountain tapir in particular.[3] In the forests below live spectacled bears, giant otter, jaguar, ocelot, margay, Brazilian tapir, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus ustus), little red brocket deer and Northern pudu. The cougar and pampas cat have been recorded in the park as well.[4] Caenolestes sangay, a species of shrew opossum, was originally described in 2013 from specimens collected from Sangay National Park.[5]

Over 400 bird species inhabit the Park,[6] and it has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International.[7] Notable bird species resident to the park include the Andean Condor and Andean Cock-of-the-rock.[1]

In 2016, a new frog species in the genus Pristimantis (Pristimantis tinguichaca) was described from the park's cloud forest.[8]

[edit]
  • Eruption of the Tungurahua in 1999
    Eruption of the Tungurahua in 1999
  • Aerial view of Sangay
    Aerial view of Sangay
  • Sangay
    Sangay

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Sangay National Park". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  2. ^ Julio César Carrión (27 February 2022). "Osteocephalus sangay". AmphibiaWeb (in Spanish). University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  3. ^ Downer, CC. (1996). "The mountain tapir, endangered 'flagship' species of the high Andes". Oryx. 30 (1): 45–58. doi:10.1017/s0030605300021384.
  4. ^ Nowell, K.; Jackson, P. (1996). Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan (PDF). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
  5. ^ Ojala-Barbour, R.; Pinto, C.M.; Brito, J.; Albuja, L.; Lee, T.E.; Patterson, B.D. (2013). "A new species of shrew-opossum (Paucituberculata: Caenolestidae) with a phylogeny of extant caenolestids". Journal of Mammalogy. 94 (5): 967–982. doi:10.1644/13-MAMM-A-018.1.
  6. ^ UNEP & WCMC: SANGAY NATIONAL PARK ECUADOR, (letztes update 2005) PDF[permanent dead link‍]
  7. ^ "Sangay National Park". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  8. ^ Brito M, J.; Ojala-Barbour, R.; Batallas R, D.; Almendáriz C, A. (2016). "A New Species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cloud Forest of Sangay National Park, Ecuador". Journal of Herpetology. 50 (2): 337–344. doi:10.1670/13-103. S2CID 55346001.
[edit]


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