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{{short description|National government}}
[[File:Barbadian Prime Minister's Office.jpg|thumb|Office of the Prime Minister of Barbados on Bay Street, Bridgetown, Barbados. (c.a. November 2000)]]
{{Infobox government
The '''Government of Barbados''' (GoB), is a [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[Republic|constitutional republic]], where the [[President of Barbados]] represents as the head of state and the [[Prime Minister of Barbados]] represents as the head of government.
| government_name = Government of Barbados
| government_form = [[Parliamentary republic|Parliamentary Republic]]
| image = Coat of arms of Barbados.svg
| image_size = 160px
| caption = [[Coat of arms of Barbados]]
| date = {{nowrap|{{Start date and age|1966|11|30|df=y}}}}
| date_end =
| document_type = Founding document
| document = [[Constitution of Barbados]]
| country = [[Barbados]]
| url = {{url|https://www.gov.bb}}
| branch1 = Office of the President
| branch1_label1 = Head of State
| branch1_data1 = [[President of Barbados]]
| branch1_label3 = Seat
| branch1_data3 = [[State House, Barbados|State House]]
| legislature = [[Parliament of Barbados|Parliament]]
{{Bulleted list
| [[House of Assembly (Barbados)|House of Assembly]]
| [[Senate (Barbados)|Senate]]
}}
| meeting_place = [[Parliament Buildings (Barbados)|Parliament Buildings]]
| branch3 = Executive branch
| leader_type = Head of Government
| leader_title = [[Prime Minister of Barbados]]
| main_body =
| leader_type2 =
| leader_title2 = <!-- title of 2nd head of govt -->
| appointed = [[President of Barbados]]
| headquarters = [[Ilaro Court]]
| main_organ = [[Cabinet of Barbados]]
| departments = 19 Ministries
| branch4 = Judicial branch
| court = [[Supreme Court of Barbados]]
| seat = [[Supreme Court of Barbados Complex]]
}}


{{Politics of Barbados}}
The country has a [[bicameral]] legislature and a political party system, based on universal adult suffrage and fair elections. The [[Senate (Barbados)|Senate]] has 21 members, appointed by the Governor-General on behalf of the monarch, 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, two on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition, and seven at the Governor-General's sole discretion. The [[House of Assembly (Barbados)|House of Assembly]] has 30 members, all elected. Both houses debate all legislation. However, the House of Assembly may override Senate's rejection of money bills and other bills except bills amending the Constitution.

The '''Government of Barbados''' (GoB) is a [[Unitary state|unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[republic]], where the [[President of Barbados]] is the head of state and the [[Prime Minister of Barbados]] is the head of government.

==Structure==
[[File:Simplification of govt structure of Barbados(Republic).png|alt=Simplification of govt structure of Barbados(Republic)|thumb|right|300px|Simplification of the government structure of Barbados]]
The country has a [[bicameral]] legislature and a political party system, based on universal adult suffrage and fair elections. The [[Senate (Barbados)|Senate]] has 21 members, appointed by the President, 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, two on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition, and seven at the President's sole discretion. The [[House of Assembly (Barbados)|House of Assembly]] has 30 members, all elected. Both houses debate all legislation. However, the House of Assembly may override Senate's rejection of money bills and other bills except bills amending the Constitution.


Officers of each house (President and Deputy President of the Senate; Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and Chairman of Committees of the Assembly) are elected from the members of the respective houses.
Officers of each house (President and Deputy President of the Senate; Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and Chairman of Committees of the Assembly) are elected from the members of the respective houses.


In keeping with the [[Westminster system]] of governance, [[Barbados]] has evolved into an independent [[parliamentary democracy]] and [[Constitutional monarchy]], meaning that all [[political power]] rests with the Parliament under a non-political monarch as head of state, which allows [[Monarchy of Barbados#stability|stability]]. Executive authority is vested in the monarch, who normally acts only on the advice of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, who are collectively responsible to Parliament.<ref>[https://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/TheQueenandBarbados/Overview.aspx The Queen and the Commonwealth], Royal.gov.uk {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229014453/https://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/TheQueenandBarbados/Overview.aspx |date=February 29, 2012 }}</ref> Barbadian law is rooted in [[English law|English common law]], and the [[Constitution of Barbados]] implemented in 1966, is the supreme [[law of the land]].
In keeping with the [[Westminster system]] of governance, [[Barbados]] has evolved into an independent [[parliamentary democracy]], meaning that all [[political power]] rests with the Parliament under a non-political President as head of state. Executive authority is vested in the President, who normally acts only on the advice of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, who are collectively responsible to Parliament.{{cite web|url=https://www.barbadosparliament.com/uploads/bill_resolution/56f53e308108b4b315d1b367c2914f7a.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.barbadosparliament.com/uploads/bill_resolution/56f53e308108b4b315d1b367c2914f7a.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Constitution (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, 2021|date=2021|publisher=[[Parliament of Barbados]]|accessdate=29 October 2021|ref={{sfnref|Constitution Amendment Act|2021}}}} Barbadian law is rooted in [[English law|English common law]], and the [[Constitution of Barbados]] implemented in 1966, is the supreme [[law of the land]].


Fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual are set out in the Constitution and are protected by a strict legal code.
Fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual are set out in the Constitution and are protected by a strict legal code.


The [[Cabinet (Barbados)|Cabinet]] is headed by the [[Prime Minister of Barbados|Prime Minister]], who must be an elected member of Parliament, and other ministers are appointed from either chamber by the Governor-General, as advised by the Prime Minister.
The [[Cabinet (Barbados)|Cabinet]] is headed by the [[Prime Minister of Barbados|Prime Minister]], who must be an elected member of Parliament, and other ministers are appointed from either chamber by the President, as advised by the Prime Minister.
[[File:Barbadian Prime Minister's Office.jpg|300px|thumb|Office of the Prime Minister of Barbados on Bay Street, Bridgetown, Barbados. (c.a. November 2000)]]


The Governor-General appoints as Leader of the Opposition the member of House of Assembly who commands the support of the largest number of members of that House in opposition to the ruling party's government.
The President appoints as Leader of the Opposition the member of House of Assembly who commands the support of the largest number of members of that House in opposition to the ruling party's government.


The maximum duration of a Parliament is five years from the first sitting. There is a simultaneous dissolution of both Houses of Parliament by the Governor-General, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister.
The maximum duration of a Parliament is five years from the first sitting. There is a simultaneous dissolution of both Houses of Parliament by the President, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister.


There is an established non-political [[civil service]]. Also, there are separate constitutional commissions for the Judicial and Legal Service, the Public Service, and the Police Service.
There is an established non-political [[civil service]]. Also, there are separate constitutional commissions for the Judicial and Legal Service, the Public Service, and the Police Service.


==History==
==History==
{{Main|Elections in Barbados}}
[[File:Simplification of govt structure of Barbados.gif|thumb|right|300px|A simplified diagram of the Barbados government]]
The government has been chosen by elections since [[Barbadian general election, 1961|1961 elections]], when Barbados achieved full [[Self-governing colony|self-governance]]. Before then, the government was a [[Crown colony]] consisting of either colonial administration solely (such as the [[Executive Council (Commonwealth countries)|Executive Council]]), or a mixture of colonial rule and a partially elected assembly, such as the [[Legislative Council of Barbados|Legislative Council]].
The government has been chosen by elections since [[Barbadian general election, 1961|1961 elections]], when Barbados achieved full [[Self-governing colony|self-governance]]. Before then, the government was a [[Crown colony]] consisting of either colonial administration solely (such as the [[Executive Council (Commonwealth countries)|Executive Council]]), or a mixture of colonial rule and a partially elected assembly, such as the [[Legislative Council of Barbados|Legislative Council]].

Between 1966 and 2021, the head of state of Barbados was the [[Monarchy of Barbados]] represented by the [[Governor-General of Barbados]] as its representative. After decades of [[Republicanism in Barbados|republicanism]], the monarchy was [[Abolition of monarchy|abolished]] and replaced with a new head of state office, the President of Barbados, on 30 November 2021.


Since independence the [[Democratic Labour Party (Barbados)|Democratic Labour Party]] (DLP) held office 1966 to 1976, from 1986 to 1994, and from January 2008 to 2018. The [[Barbados Labour Party]] (BLP) governed from 1976 to 1986, from September 1994–2008 and has formed the government from 2018–Present.
Since independence the [[Democratic Labour Party (Barbados)|Democratic Labour Party]] (DLP) held office 1966 to 1976, from 1986 to 1994, and from January 2008 to 2018. The [[Barbados Labour Party]] (BLP) governed from 1976 to 1986, from September 1994–2008 and has formed the government from 2018–Present.


== Executive branch ==
== Executive branch ==
{{office-table}}
The Executive Branch of government conducts the ordinary business of government. These functions are called out by the Prime Minister and cabinet ministers. The prime minister chooses the ministers of government they wish to have in the cabinet but they are actually appointed by the governor general.
| [[President of Barbados|President]]
| [[File: Sandra of Barbados.jpg|155px]] <br>
<div style="text-align: center;">[[Sandra Mason]]</div>
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| 30 November 2021
|-
|[[Prime Minister of Barbados|Prime Minister]]
|[[File:Mia Mottley (2021) (cropped).jpg|155px]] <br>
<div style="text-align: center;">[[Mia Mottley]]</div>
|[[Barbados Labour Party]]
|25 May 2018
|}
The Executive Branch of government conducts the ordinary business of government. These functions are called out by the Prime Minister and cabinet ministers. The prime minister chooses the ministers of government they wish to have in the cabinet but they are actually appointed by the President.
*Heads of State
*Heads of State
** President
** President
*Head of Government
*Head of Government
** Prime Ministers
** Prime Minister
** Premier (Abolished)
** Attorney General's
** Attorney General's
** Ministers
** Ministers


{| class="wikitable sortable"
=== List of Government Ministries, Ministers and Permanent Secretaries ===
!Office
{{main|List of Ministers and Permanent Secretaries (Barbados)}}
!Office Holder
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
!Constituency
|+
!Political Party
!Ministry
|-
!Minister Responsible
|Prime Minister<br />Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs, with responsibility for Culture, Security, Public Service, Caricom and Development Commissions
!Permanent Secretary
|[[Mia Mottley]]
|St. Michael North East
| rowspan=21 style="background:{{party color|Barbados Labour Party}};"|[[Barbados Labour Party]]
|-
|Deputy Prime Minister<br />Senior Minister<br />Minister of Transport, Works and Water Resources
|[[Santia Bradshaw|Sanita Bradshaw]]
|St. Michael South East
|-
|Attorney General and Minister of Legal Affairs<br />Senior Minister Governance
|[[Dale Marshall (politician)|Dale Marshall]]
|St. Joseph
|-
|Minister of Energy and Business Development<br />Senior Minister
|Kerrie Symmonds
|St. James Central
|-
|Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade<br />Senior Minister, Social and Environmental Policy
|[[Jerome Walcott]]
|N/A (Senator)
|-
|Senior Minister in the Prime Minister's Office, with responsibility for Infrastructure and Town Planning Matters
|William Duguid
|Christ Church West
|-
|Minister of Homes Affairs and Information
|[[Wilfred Abrahams]]
|Christ Church East
|-
|Minister of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Security
|Indar Weir
|St. Philip South
|-
|Minister of Tourism and International Transport
|Ian Gooding Edghill
|St. Michael West Central
|-
|Minister for the Public Service, Home Affairs, Labour and Gender Affairs
|Lisa Cummings
|N/A (Senator)
|-
|Minister of Education, Technological and Vocational Training
|Kay McConney
|St. Philip West
|-
|Minister of Housing, lands and Maintenance
|Dwight Sutherland
|St. George South
|-

|Minister of People Empowerment and Elder Affairs
|Kirk Humphrey
|St. Michael South
|-
|Minister of the Environment and National Beautification and Blue Economy
|Adrian Forde
|Christ Church West Central
|-
|Minister of Labour, Social Security and Third Sector
|Colin Jordan
|St. Peter
|-
|Minister of Industry, Innovation, Science and Technology
|Davidson Ishmael
|St. Michael North
|-
|Minister of Youth, Sports and Community Empowerment
|Charles Griffith
|St. John
|-
|Minister in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development
|Ryan Straughn
|Christ Church East Central
|-
|Minister in the Office of the Prime Minister
|Chantal Munroe Knight
|N/A (Senator)
|-
|Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Wellness
|[[Sonia Browne]]
|St. Philip North
|-
|Minister of State in the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Ministry of Business Development
|Sandra Husbands
|St. James South
|}
Source: [https://stluciatimes.com/barbados-prime-minister-names-new-cabinet/ St.Lucia Times] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413124330/https://stluciatimes.com/barbados-prime-minister-names-new-cabinet/ |date=2022-04-13 }}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Parliamentary Secretaries
!Office
!Office Holder
!Constituency
!Political party
|-
|Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Transport, Works and Water Resources, with responsibility for Water Resources
|Rommel Springer
|St. Andrew
|rowspan="2"style="background:{{party color|Barbados Labour Party}};"|[[Barbados Labour Party]]
|-
|Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of People Empowerment and Elder Affairs
|Corey Layne
|City of Bridgetown
|}
Source: [https://stluciatimes.com/barbados-prime-minister-names-new-cabinet/ St.Lucia Times] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413124330/https://stluciatimes.com/barbados-prime-minister-names-new-cabinet/ |date=2022-04-13 }}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Permanent Secretaries
!Ministerial Office
!Position
!Office Holder
|-
|[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and International Business (Barbados)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade]]
|HEAD OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE, DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF FOREIGN TRADE
|Louis Woodroffe
|-
|-
|Prime Minister's Office
|Prime Minister's Office
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|[[Mia Mottley|Hon. Mia Mottley, Q.C., M.P (Prime Minister)]]
|Ms. Alies Jordan (acting)
|Ms. Alies Jordan
|-
|-
|Ministry of the Public Service
|Ministry of the Public Service
|DIRECTOR GENERAL (HUMAN RESOURCES)
|Hon. Mia Mottley, Q.C., M.P
|Ms. Gail Atkins
|Ms. Gail Atkins
|-
|-
|[[Ministry of Finance, Economic Affairs and Investment (Bardados)|Ministry of Finance, Economic Affairs and Investment]]
|[[Ministry of Finance, Economic Affairs and Investment (Bardados)|Ministry of Finance, Economic Affairs and Investment]]
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Hon. Mia Mottley, Q.C., M.P
|Ms. Nancy Headley

Hon. Ryan Straughn, M.P (Finance)

Hon. Marsha Caddle, M.P (Economic Affairs and Investment)
|Ms. Nancy Headley (Finance)

Mr. Alyson Forte
(Economic Affairs and Investment)

|-
|-
|[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and International Business (Barbados)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade]]
|[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and International Business (Barbados)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade]]
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Senator Dr. Jerome Walcott

Hon. Sandra Husbands, M.P (Foreign Trade)
|Ms. Simone Rudder
|Ms. Simone Rudder
|-
|-
|Office of the Attorney General and Ministry of Legal Affairs
|Office of the Attorney General and Ministry of Legal Affairs
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|[[Dale Marshall (politician)|Hon. Dale Marshall, Q.C., M.P]]
|Ms. Yvette Goddard
|Ms. Yvette Goddard
|-
|-
|Ministry of Education, Technological and Vocational Training
|Ministry of Education, Technological and Vocational Training
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Hon. Santia Bradshaw, M.P
|Ms. Betty Alleyne Headley
|Ms. Betty Alleyne Headley
|-
|-
|Ministry of Home Affairs
|Ministry of Home Affairs
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Hon. Edmund Hinkson, M.P
|Ms. Deborah Payne (Acting)
|Ms. Deborah Payne
|-
|-
|[[Ministry of Health & Wellness]]
|[[Ministry of Health and Wellness (Barbados)|Ministry of Health & Wellness]]
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Lt. Colonel Hon. Jeffery Bostic, M.P
|Ms. Janet Philips
|Ms. Janet Philips
|-
|-
|Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security
|Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Hon. Indar Weir, M.P
|Mr. Terry Bascombe (Acting)
|Mr. Terry Bascombe
|-
|-
|[[Ministry of Labour (Barbados)|Ministry of Labour and Social Partnership Relations]]
|[[Ministry of Labour (Barbados)|Ministry of Labour and Social Partnership Relations]]
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Hon. Colin Jordan, M.P
|Dr. Karen Best
|Dr. Karen Best
|-
|-
|Ministry of Housing, Lands and Rural Development
|Ministry of Housing, Lands and Rural Development
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Hon. George Payne, Q.C., M.P

Hon. Charles Griffith, M.P (Minister in the Ministry)
|Mr. Timothy Maynard
|Mr. Timothy Maynard
|-
|-
|Ministry of International Business and Industry
|Ministry of International Business and Industry
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Hon. Ronald Toppin, M.P
|Ms. June Chandler
|Ms. June Chandler
|-
|National Insurance Department
|DIRECTOR
|Ms. Jennifer Hunte
|-
|-
|Ministry of Tourism and International Transport
|Ministry of Tourism and International Transport
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Hon. Kerrie Symmonds, M.P
|Ms. Donna Cadogan
|Ms. Donna Cadogan
|-
|-
|Ministry of Youth and Community Empowerment
|Ministry of Youth and Community Empowerment
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Hon. Adrian Forde, M.P
|Ms. Yolande Howard
|Ms. Yolande Howard
|-
|-
|Ministry of People Empowerment and Elder Affairs
|Ministry of People Empowerment and Elder Affairs
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|[[Cynthia Y. Forde|Hon. Cynthia Forde, J.P, M.P]]
|Ms. Gabrielle Springer
|Ms. Gabrielle Springer
|-
|-
|Ministry of Small Business, Entrepreneurship and Commerce
|Ministry of Energy, Small Business and Entrepreneurship
|PERMANENT SECRETARY (SPECIAL ASSIGNMENTS)
|Hon. Dwight Sutherland, M.P
|Mr. Esworth Reid
|Mr. Andrew Gittens
|-
|-
|Ministry of Environment and National Beautification
|Ministry of Environment and National Beautification
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Hon. Trevor Prescod, M.P
|Ms. Daphne Kellman
|Ms. Daphne Kellman
|-
|-
|-
|Ministry of Energy and Water Resources
|Ministry of Energy, Small Business and Entrepreneurship
|Hon. Wilfred Abrahams
|PERMANENT SECRETARY (SMALL
|Mr. Andrew Gittens (Renewable Energy)
BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP)

Ms. Francine Blackman (acting)
|Ms. Francine Blackman
|-
|-
|Ministry of Transport, Works and Maintenance
|Ministry of Transport, Works and Maintenance
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Hon. William Duguid, M.P
|Mr. Mark Cummins

Hon. Peter Phillips, M.P (Minister in the Ministry)
|Mr. Mark Cummins (acting)
|-
|-
|Prime Minister's Office
|Ministry of Creative Economy, Culture and Sports
|PERMANENT SECRETARY (CULTURE)
|Hon. John King, M.P
|Mr. Jehu Wiltshire
|Mr. Jehu Wiltshire
|-
|-
|Ministry of Maritime Affairs and the Blue Economy
|Ministry of Maritime Affairs and the Blue Economy
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Hon. Kirk Humphrey, M.P
|Ms. Sonia Foster (acting)
|Ms. Sonia Foster
|-
|-
|Ministry of Innovation, Science and Smart Technology
|Ministry of Innovation, Science and Smart Technology
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Senator Kay McConney
|Mr. Charley Browne (acting)
|Mr. Charley Browne
|-
|-
|Ministry of Information, Broadcasting and Public Affairs
|Ministry of Information, Broadcasting and Public Affairs
|PERMANENT SECRETARY
|Senator Lucille Moe
|Ms. Sandra Phillips
|Ms. Sandra Phillips
|-
|Cabinet Office
|CABINET SECRETARY
|Mrs. Cecile Humphrey
|-
| Ministry of Energy, Small Business and Entrepreneurship
|PERMANENT SECRETARY (Small Business and Entrepreneurship)
|Mr. Esworth Reid
|}
|}
Source: [https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/download/list-of-permanent-secretaries-october-28-2020/ BGIS]{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}


== Legislative Branch ==
== Legislative Branch ==
Under Barbados' version of the [[Westminster system]] of government, the executive and legislative branches are partly intertwined.
Under Barbados' version of the [[Westminster system]] of government, the executive and legislative branches are partly intertwined.
The only official Cabinet office (other than Prime Minister) expressly mentioned in the Constitution of Barbados is Office of the Attorney-General.
The only official Cabinet office (other than Prime Minister) expressly mentioned in the Constitution of Barbados is Office of the Attorney-General.
* President
* Governor General
* Chief Secretaries (Abolished)
* Chief Secretaries (Abolished)
* Auditors-General
* Auditors-General
Line 168: Line 337:
Legislation may be shaped or influenced by such organisations as the United Nations, the [[Organization of American States]], or other international bodies to which Barbados has obligatory commitments by treaty. Additionally, through international co-operation, other institutions may supply the Barbados Parliament with key sample legislation to be adapted to meet local circumstances before enacting it as local law.
Legislation may be shaped or influenced by such organisations as the United Nations, the [[Organization of American States]], or other international bodies to which Barbados has obligatory commitments by treaty. Additionally, through international co-operation, other institutions may supply the Barbados Parliament with key sample legislation to be adapted to meet local circumstances before enacting it as local law.


New acts are passed by the Barbadian Parliament and require [[royal assent]] by the Governor-General to become law.
New acts are passed by the Barbadian Parliament and require approval by the President to become law. The President, has the power to "withhold assent" from laws by vetoing the proposed law without parliamentary override.<ref>[[Constitution of Barbados]], Section 58(3)</ref>


==Judicial branch ==
==Judicial branch ==
{{main|Judiciary of Barbados}}
{{main|Judiciary of Barbados}}


The judiciary is the legal system through which punishments are handed out to individuals who break the law. The functions of the judiciary are to enforce laws; to interpret laws; to conduct court hearings; to hear court appeals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About the Judicial System {{!}} Barbados Judicial System|url=https://www.barbadoslawcourts.gov.bb/about-the-judicial-system/|access-date=2021-01-10|language=en-US}}</ref>
The judiciary is the legal system through which punishments are handed out to individuals who break the law. The functions of the judiciary are to enforce laws; to interpret laws; to conduct court hearings; to hear court appeals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About the Judicial System {{!}} Barbados Judicial System|url=https://www.barbadoslawcourts.gov.bb/about-the-judicial-system/|access-date=2021-01-10|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112055934/https://www.barbadoslawcourts.gov.bb/about-the-judicial-system/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


The local court system of Barbados is made up of:
The local court system of Barbados is made up of:
Line 186: Line 355:


==Perception==
==Perception==
[[Transparency International]] ranked Barbados as 17th place (of 179) in the world on its [[Corruption Perceptions Index]] in 2010, with only one nation scoring better in the [[Western Hemisphere|Americas]]. ([http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results])
[[Transparency International]] ranked Barbados as 29th place (of 180) in the world on its [[Corruption Perceptions Index]] in 2021, being the least corrupt country in the Caribbean.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-26 |title=Barbados maintains strong ranking in Corruption Perception Index |url=https://barbadostoday.bb/?p=366154 |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=Barbados Today |language=en-US}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 211: Line 380:


== External links ==
== External links ==
*{{curlie|Regional/Caribbean/Barbados/Government}}
* [http://www.gov.bb/ Barbadian Government Website]
* [http://www.gov.bb/ Barbadian Government Website]
* [http://www.photius.com/countries/barbados/government/system.html The Barbados Governmental System], Photius Coutsoukis
* [http://www.photius.com/countries/barbados/government/system.html The Barbados Governmental System], Photius Coutsoukis
Line 228: Line 396:
[[Category:Executive branches of government|Barbados]]
[[Category:Executive branches of government|Barbados]]
[[Category:Government ministries of Barbados| ]]
[[Category:Government ministries of Barbados| ]]
[[Category:Barbados-related lists]]
[[Category:Barbados politics-related lists]]

Latest revision as of 14:51, 28 October 2024

Government of Barbados
Parliamentary Republic
Coat of arms of Barbados
Formation30 November 1966; 58 years ago (1966-11-30)
Founding documentConstitution of Barbados
CountryBarbados
Websitewww.gov.bb
Office of the President
Head of StatePresident of Barbados
SeatState House
Legislative branch
LegislatureParliament
Meeting placeParliament Buildings
Executive branch
Head of GovernmentPrime Minister of Barbados
Appointed byPresident of Barbados
HeadquartersIlaro Court
Main organCabinet of Barbados
Departments19 Ministries
Judicial branch
CourtSupreme Court of Barbados
SeatSupreme Court of Barbados Complex
Politics of Barbados
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
Historical

The Government of Barbados (GoB) is a unitary parliamentary republic, where the President of Barbados is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Barbados is the head of government.

Structure

[edit]
Simplification of govt structure of Barbados(Republic)
Simplification of the government structure of Barbados

The country has a bicameral legislature and a political party system, based on universal adult suffrage and fair elections. The Senate has 21 members, appointed by the President, 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, two on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition, and seven at the President's sole discretion. The House of Assembly has 30 members, all elected. Both houses debate all legislation. However, the House of Assembly may override Senate's rejection of money bills and other bills except bills amending the Constitution.

Officers of each house (President and Deputy President of the Senate; Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and Chairman of Committees of the Assembly) are elected from the members of the respective houses.

In keeping with the Westminster system of governance, Barbados has evolved into an independent parliamentary democracy, meaning that all political power rests with the Parliament under a non-political President as head of state. Executive authority is vested in the President, who normally acts only on the advice of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, who are collectively responsible to Parliament."Constitution (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, 2021" (PDF). Parliament of Barbados. 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 29 October 2021. Barbadian law is rooted in English common law, and the Constitution of Barbados implemented in 1966, is the supreme law of the land.

Fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual are set out in the Constitution and are protected by a strict legal code.

The Cabinet is headed by the Prime Minister, who must be an elected member of Parliament, and other ministers are appointed from either chamber by the President, as advised by the Prime Minister.

Office of the Prime Minister of Barbados on Bay Street, Bridgetown, Barbados. (c.a. November 2000)

The President appoints as Leader of the Opposition the member of House of Assembly who commands the support of the largest number of members of that House in opposition to the ruling party's government.

The maximum duration of a Parliament is five years from the first sitting. There is a simultaneous dissolution of both Houses of Parliament by the President, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister.

There is an established non-political civil service. Also, there are separate constitutional commissions for the Judicial and Legal Service, the Public Service, and the Police Service.

History

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Main article: Elections in Barbados

The government has been chosen by elections since 1961 elections, when Barbados achieved full self-governance. Before then, the government was a Crown colony consisting of either colonial administration solely (such as the Executive Council), or a mixture of colonial rule and a partially elected assembly, such as the Legislative Council.

Between 1966 and 2021, the head of state of Barbados was the Monarchy of Barbados represented by the Governor-General of Barbados as its representative. After decades of republicanism, the monarchy was abolished and replaced with a new head of state office, the President of Barbados, on 30 November 2021.

Since independence the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) held office 1966 to 1976, from 1986 to 1994, and from January 2008 to 2018. The Barbados Labour Party (BLP) governed from 1976 to 1986, from September 1994–2008 and has formed the government from 2018–Present.

Executive branch

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Main office-holders
Office Name Party Since
President
Independent 30 November 2021
Prime Minister
Barbados Labour Party 25 May 2018

The Executive Branch of government conducts the ordinary business of government. These functions are called out by the Prime Minister and cabinet ministers. The prime minister chooses the ministers of government they wish to have in the cabinet but they are actually appointed by the President.

  • Heads of State
    • President
  • Head of Government
    • Prime Minister
    • Attorney General's
    • Ministers
Office Office Holder Constituency Political Party
Prime Minister
Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs, with responsibility for Culture, Security, Public Service, Caricom and Development Commissions 		Mia Mottley St. Michael North East Barbados Labour Party
Deputy Prime Minister
Senior Minister
Minister of Transport, Works and Water Resources 		Sanita Bradshaw St. Michael South East
Attorney General and Minister of Legal Affairs
Senior Minister Governance 		Dale Marshall St. Joseph
Minister of Energy and Business Development
Senior Minister 		Kerrie Symmonds St. James Central
Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade
Senior Minister, Social and Environmental Policy 		Jerome Walcott N/A (Senator)
Senior Minister in the Prime Minister's Office, with responsibility for Infrastructure and Town Planning Matters William Duguid Christ Church West
Minister of Homes Affairs and Information Wilfred Abrahams Christ Church East
Minister of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Security Indar Weir St. Philip South
Minister of Tourism and International Transport Ian Gooding Edghill St. Michael West Central
Minister for the Public Service, Home Affairs, Labour and Gender Affairs Lisa Cummings N/A (Senator)
Minister of Education, Technological and Vocational Training Kay McConney St. Philip West
Minister of Housing, lands and Maintenance Dwight Sutherland St. George South
Minister of People Empowerment and Elder Affairs Kirk Humphrey St. Michael South
Minister of the Environment and National Beautification and Blue Economy Adrian Forde Christ Church West Central
Minister of Labour, Social Security and Third Sector Colin Jordan St. Peter
Minister of Industry, Innovation, Science and Technology Davidson Ishmael St. Michael North
Minister of Youth, Sports and Community Empowerment Charles Griffith St. John
Minister in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ryan Straughn Christ Church East Central
Minister in the Office of the Prime Minister Chantal Munroe Knight N/A (Senator)
Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Wellness Sonia Browne St. Philip North
Minister of State in the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Ministry of Business Development Sandra Husbands St. James South

Source: St.Lucia Times Archived 2022-04-13 at the Wayback Machine

Parliamentary Secretaries
Office Office Holder Constituency Political party
Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Transport, Works and Water Resources, with responsibility for Water Resources Rommel Springer St. Andrew Barbados Labour Party
Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of People Empowerment and Elder Affairs Corey Layne City of Bridgetown

Source: St.Lucia Times Archived 2022-04-13 at the Wayback Machine

Permanent Secretaries
Ministerial Office Position Office Holder
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade HEAD OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE, DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF FOREIGN TRADE Louis Woodroffe
Prime Minister's Office PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Alies Jordan
Ministry of the Public Service DIRECTOR GENERAL (HUMAN RESOURCES) Ms. Gail Atkins
Ministry of Finance, Economic Affairs and Investment PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Nancy Headley
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Simone Rudder
Office of the Attorney General and Ministry of Legal Affairs PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Yvette Goddard
Ministry of Education, Technological and Vocational Training PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Betty Alleyne Headley
Ministry of Home Affairs PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Deborah Payne
Ministry of Health & Wellness PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Janet Philips
Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security PERMANENT SECRETARY Mr. Terry Bascombe
Ministry of Labour and Social Partnership Relations PERMANENT SECRETARY Dr. Karen Best
Ministry of Housing, Lands and Rural Development PERMANENT SECRETARY Mr. Timothy Maynard
Ministry of International Business and Industry PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. June Chandler
National Insurance Department DIRECTOR Ms. Jennifer Hunte
Ministry of Tourism and International Transport PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Donna Cadogan
Ministry of Youth and Community Empowerment PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Yolande Howard
Ministry of People Empowerment and Elder Affairs PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Gabrielle Springer
Ministry of Energy, Small Business and Entrepreneurship PERMANENT SECRETARY (SPECIAL ASSIGNMENTS) Mr. Andrew Gittens
Ministry of Environment and National Beautification PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Daphne Kellman
Ministry of Energy, Small Business and Entrepreneurship PERMANENT SECRETARY (SMALL

BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP)

Ms. Francine Blackman
Ministry of Transport, Works and Maintenance PERMANENT SECRETARY Mr. Mark Cummins
Prime Minister's Office PERMANENT SECRETARY (CULTURE) Mr. Jehu Wiltshire
Ministry of Maritime Affairs and the Blue Economy PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Sonia Foster
Ministry of Innovation, Science and Smart Technology PERMANENT SECRETARY Mr. Charley Browne
Ministry of Information, Broadcasting and Public Affairs PERMANENT SECRETARY Ms. Sandra Phillips
Cabinet Office CABINET SECRETARY Mrs. Cecile Humphrey
Ministry of Energy, Small Business and Entrepreneurship PERMANENT SECRETARY (Small Business and Entrepreneurship) Mr. Esworth Reid

Source: BGIS[permanent dead link‍]

Legislative Branch

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Under Barbados' version of the Westminster system of government, the executive and legislative branches are partly intertwined. The only official Cabinet office (other than Prime Minister) expressly mentioned in the Constitution of Barbados is Office of the Attorney-General.

  • President
  • Chief Secretaries (Abolished)
  • Auditors-General
  • Senators
    • Presidents of the Senate
  • Members of the House ( a/k/a Members of Parliament)
    • Speakers of the House of Assembly
  • Clerks of Parliament

Law

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The Constitution of Barbados is the supreme law of the nation.[1] The Attorney General heads the independent judiciary. Historically, Barbadian law was based entirely on English common law with a few local adaptations. At the time of independence, the Parliament of the United Kingdom lost its ability to legislate for Barbados, but the existing English and British common law and statutes in force at that time, together with other measures already adopted by the Barbadian Parliament, became the basis of the new country's legal system.

Legislation may be shaped or influenced by such organisations as the United Nations, the Organization of American States, or other international bodies to which Barbados has obligatory commitments by treaty. Additionally, through international co-operation, other institutions may supply the Barbados Parliament with key sample legislation to be adapted to meet local circumstances before enacting it as local law.

New acts are passed by the Barbadian Parliament and require approval by the President to become law. The President, has the power to "withhold assent" from laws by vetoing the proposed law without parliamentary override.[2]

Judicial branch

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Main article: Judiciary of Barbados

The judiciary is the legal system through which punishments are handed out to individuals who break the law. The functions of the judiciary are to enforce laws; to interpret laws; to conduct court hearings; to hear court appeals.[3]

The local court system of Barbados is made up of:

  • Magistrates' Courts: Covering Criminal, Civil, Domestic, Domestic Violence, and Juvenile matters. But can also take up matters dealing with Coroner's Inquests, Liquor Licences, and civil marriages. Further, the Magistrates' Courts deal with Contract and Tort law where claims do not exceed $10,000.00.[4]
  • The Supreme Court: is made up of High Court and Court of Appeals.[4]
    • High Court: Consisting of Civil, Criminal, and Family law divisions.
    • Court of Appeal: Handles appeals from the High Court and Magistrates' Court. It hears appeals in both the civil, and criminal law jurisdictions. It may consist of a single Justice of Appeal sitting in Chambers; or may sit as a Full Court of three Justices of Appeals.
  • The Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ), (based in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago), is the court of last resort (final jurisdiction) over Barbadian law. It replaced the London-based Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC). The CCJ may resolve other disputed matters dealing with the Caribbean Single Market and Economy (CSME).
  • Chief Justices
    • Justices of Appeals
    • Magistrates

Perception

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Transparency International ranked Barbados as 29th place (of 180) in the world on its Corruption Perceptions Index in 2021, being the least corrupt country in the Caribbean.[5]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ The official Constitution of Barbados (1966) version.
  2. ^ Constitution of Barbados, Section 58(3)
  3. ^ "About the Judicial System | Barbados Judicial System". Archived from the original on 2021-01-12. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  4. ^ a b "Law Courts of Barbados". Lawcourts.gov.bb. Archived from the original on 15 August 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  5. ^ "Barbados maintains strong ranking in Corruption Perception Index". Barbados Today. 2022-01-26. Retrieved 2022-03-08.

Further reading

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[edit]
  • Office of the Prime Minister
    Office of the Prime Minister
  • The Cabinet Office in the Government Headquarters complex
    The Cabinet Office in the Government Headquarters complex
  • Main entrance to the Government Headquarters complex, with a statue of Sir Grantley Adams in the foreground
    Main entrance to the Government Headquarters complex, with a statue of Sir Grantley Adams in the foreground
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