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Coordinates: 38°18′17″N 116°50′19″E / 38.3047°N 116.8387°E / 38.3047; 116.8387
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{{distinguish|Changzhou}}
{{distinguish|Changzhou}}
{{about|the modern city|the historical prefecture|Cang Prefecture}}
{{about|the modern city|the historical prefecture|Cang Prefecture}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|name = {{raise|0.2em|Cangzhou}}
|name = Cangzhou
|settlement_type = [[Prefecture-level city]]
|settlement_type = [[Prefecture-level city]]
|official_name =
|official_name =
|native_name = {{lower|0.1em|沧州市}}
|native_name = 沧州市
|native_name_lang = zh-Hans
|native_name_lang = zh-Hans
|other_name = Tsangchow
|other_name = Tsangchow
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|size = 280
|size = 280
|foot_montage = }}
|foot_montage = }}
|image_caption = Clockwise from the top: [[Iron Lion of Cangzhou|Iron Lion]], [[Cangzhou Stadium]], Skyline of Cangzhou, Arcadia Hotel, [[Port of Huanghua]]
|image_caption = Clockwise from the top: [[Iron Lion of Cangzhou|Iron Lion]], Cangzhou Arena, Skyline of Cangzhou, [[Port of Huanghua]], Arcadia Hotel
|image_seal =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|seal_size =
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|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_percent =
|area_water_percent =
|population_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-hebei-admin.php| title = China: Hébĕi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) – Population Statistics, Charts and Map}}</ref>
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_as_of = 2020 census
|population_total = 7134062
|population_total = 7300783
|population_density_km2 =auto
|population_density_km2 =auto
|population_density_metro_km2 =auto
|population_density_metro_km2 =auto
|population_density_urban_km2 =auto
|population_density_urban_km2 =auto
| area_metro_km2 = 1,750.7
| area_blank1_title = [[District (China)|Districts]]<ref name="CUCSY_2017"/>
| area_blank1_km2 = 320.0
| area_urban_km2 = 206.2
| area_urban_km2 = 183.00
| population_metro = 1421843
⚫
| population_urban = 795832
| area_urban_footnotes = <ref name="CUCSY_2017">{{cite book |editor1=[[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]] |title=China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017 |date=2019 |publisher=China Statistics Press |location=Beijing |page=46 |url=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls |accessdate=11 January 2020}}</ref>
| demographics_type2 = GDP<ref>{{cite book|author=河北省统计局、国家统计局河北调查总队|title=《河北经济年鉴－2018》|publisher=中国统计出版社|isbn=978-7-5356-7824-9|url=http://tjj.hebei.gov.cn/res/nj2018/zk/indexch.htm|access-date=2019-07-11|archive-date=2020-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326180137/http://tjj.hebei.gov.cn/res/nj2018/zk/indexch.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_blank1_title = Districts<ref name="CUCSY_2017"/>
| population_blank1 = 748000
| blank_info_sec1 = 2022
| demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city]]
⚫
| population_urban = 621300
| demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 332 billion<br />[[US$]] 53.3 billion
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="CUCSY_2017"/>
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
⚫
|timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 44,819<br />US$7,196
⚫
|timezone = [[Time in China|China Standard]]
|utc_offset = +8
|utc_offset = +8
|coordinates = {{coord|38.3047|N|116.8387|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-13_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
|coordinates = {{coord|38.3047|N|116.8387|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-13_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
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|elevation_ft = 42
|elevation_ft = 42
|postal_code_type = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
|postal_code_type = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
|postal_code = 016001
|postal_code = 061000
|area_code = 0317
|area_code = 0317
|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-HE-09]]
|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-HE-09]]
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{{Infobox Chinese|order=st
{{Infobox Chinese|order=st
|s=沧州 |t=滄州
|s=沧州 |t=滄州
|p=Cāngzhōu
|p=Cāngzhōu|mi={{IPAc-cmn|c|ang|1|.|zh|ou|1}}
|psp=Tsangchow
|psp=Tsangchow
|l="oceanside prefecture"
|l="oceanside prefecture"
}}
}}


'''Cangzhou''' ({{zh|s=沧州}}) is a [[prefecture-level city]] in eastern [[Hebei]] [[province of China|province]], People's Republic of China. At the 2010 census, Cangzhou's built-up (''or metro'') area made of Yunhe, Xinhua districts and Cang County largely being conurbated had a population of 1,205,814 inhabitants, while the prefecture-level administrative unit in total has a population of 7,134,062. It lies approximately {{convert|90|km}} from the major port city of [[Tianjin]], and {{convert|180|km|abbr=on}} from [[Beijing]].
'''Cangzhou'''{{efn|{{zh|s=沧州|p=Cāngzhōu}}; [[Jilu Mandarin|locally]] pronounced as {{IPA|/tsʰɑŋ˨˧ tʂou˨˧/}}}} is a [[prefecture-level city]] in eastern [[Hebei]] [[province of China|province]], People's Republic of China. At the [[2020 Chinese census|2020 census]], Cangzhou's built-up (''or metro'') area made of Yunhe, Xinhua districts and Cang County largely being conurbated had a population of 1,421,843 inhabitants, while the prefecture-level administrative unit in total has a population of 7,300,783. It lies approximately {{convert|90|km}} from the major port city of [[Tianjin]], and {{convert|180|km|abbr=on}} from [[Beijing]].


==History==
==History==
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{{Image label|x=250|y=1600|scale=608/2430|text=[[Xinhua District, Cangzhou|'''1. Xinhua''']]}}
{{Image label|x=250|y=1600|scale=608/2430|text=[[Xinhua District, Cangzhou|'''1. Xinhua''']]}}
{{Image label|x=250|y=1680|scale=608/2430|text=[[Yunhe District|'''2. Yunhe''']]}}
{{Image label|x=250|y=1680|scale=608/2430|text=[[Yunhe District|'''2. Yunhe''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
</div>
|-
|-
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! [[Hanzi]]
! [[Hanzi]]
! [[Hanyu Pinyin]]
! [[Hanyu Pinyin]]
! Population<br/>(2020)<ref>{{Cite web |title=China: Hébĕi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/hebei/admin/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>
! Population<br/>(2004 est.)
! Area (km²)
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Density<br/>(/km²)
! Density<br/>(/km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
|-
|[[Yunhe District]]
|[[Yunhe District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|运河区}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|运河区}}
|Yùnhé Qū
|Yùnhé Qū
|270,000
|511,086
|138
|138
|1,957
|1,957
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|{{lang|zh-hans|新华区}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|新华区}}
|Xīnhuá Qū
|Xīnhuá Qū
|220,000
|284,746
|89
|89
|2,472
|2,472
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|{{lang|zh-hans|泊头市}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|泊头市}}
|Bótóu Shì
|Bótóu Shì
|550,000
|573,842
|977
|977
|563
|563
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|{{lang|zh|任丘市}}
|{{lang|zh|任丘市}}
|Rénqiū Shì
|Rénqiū Shì
|770,000
|816,401
|1,023
|1,023
|753
|753
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|{{lang|zh-hans|黄骅市}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|黄骅市}}
|Huánghuá Shì
|Huánghuá Shì
|490,000
|652,401
|1,545
|1,545
|317
|317
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|{{lang|zh-hans|河间市}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|河间市}}
|Héjiān Shì
|Héjiān Shì
|770,000
|795,198
|1,333
|1,333
|578
|578
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|{{lang|zh-hans|沧县}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|沧县}}
|Cāng Xiàn
|Cāng Xiàn
|660,000
|626,011
|1,527
|1,527
|432
|432
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|{{lang|zh-hans|青县}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|青县}}
|Qīng Xiàn
|Qīng Xiàn
|390,000
|420,878
|968
|968
|403
|403
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|{{lang|zh-hans|东光县}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|东光县}}
|Dōngguāng Xiàn
|Dōngguāng Xiàn
|350,000
|340,288
|710
|710
|493
|493
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|{{lang|zh-hans|海兴县}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|海兴县}}
|Hǎixīng Xiàn
|Hǎixīng Xiàn
|220,000
|189,273
|836
|836
|263
|263
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|{{lang|zh-hans|盐山县}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|盐山县}}
|Yánshān Xiàn
|Yánshān Xiàn
|400,000
|411,356
|795
|795
|503
|503
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|{{lang|zh-hans|肃宁县}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|肃宁县}}
|Sùníng Xiàn
|Sùníng Xiàn
|330,000
|341,919
|497
|497
|664
|664
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|{{lang|zh-hans|南皮县}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|南皮县}}
|Nánpí Xiàn
|Nánpí Xiàn
|350,000
|347,473
|794
|794
|441
|441
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|{{lang|zh-hans|吴桥县}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|吴桥县}}
|Wúqiáo Xiàn
|Wúqiáo Xiàn
|280,000
|217,986
|603
|603
|464
|464
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|{{lang|zh-hans|献县}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|献县}}
|Xìàn Xiàn
|Xìàn Xiàn
|570,000
|568,418
|1,191
|1,191
|479
|479
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|{{lang|zh-hans|孟村回族自治县}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|孟村回族自治县}}
|Mèngcūn Huízú<br/>Zìzhìxiàn
|Mèngcūn Huízú<br/>Zìzhìxiàn
|180,000
|203,507
|393
|393
|458
|458
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==Economics==
==Economics==
Cangzhou's urban center is a heavily industrial city but the city's administrative territory also includes strongly agricultural areas, and is well known in China for its [[jujube|Chinese jujube]]s (Chinese dates) and pear (widely known under the export name of ''Tianjin Ya Pear''). The North China Oil Field is within Cangzhou City's jurisdiction. Cangzhou also encompasses a large fishing port and the coal-exporting Huanghua Harbour.
Cangzhou's urban center is a heavily industrial city, but the city's administrative territory also includes strongly agricultural areas, and is well known in China for its [[jujube|Chinese jujube]]s (Chinese dates), apples and pear (widely known under the export name of ''Tianjin [[Pyrus × bretschneideri|Ya Pear]]''). The [[North China]] Oil Field is within Cangzhou City's jurisdiction. Cangzhou also encompasses a large fishing port and the coal-exporting Huanghua Harbour. Notable International Companies located in Cangzhou Hyundai (Japan), Hage Fittings und Flanschen GmbH (Germany) (Hage Fluid Control Technology (Hebei) Co., Ltd Joint Venture).


==Geography and transportation==
==Geography and transportation==
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===Climate===
===Climate===
Cangzhou has a four-season, [[monsoon]]-influenced [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dwa''), with cold, dry winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−3.2|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|27.2|°C|1}} in July, while the annual mean is {{convert|13.25|°C|1}}. A majority of the annual precipitation of {{convert|541|mm|abbr=on}} occurs in July and August alone. With possible monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49% in July to 65% in October, the city receives 2,663 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Cangzhou has a four-season, [[monsoon]]-influenced [[humid continental climate]]/[[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk/Dwa''), with cold, dry winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−3.2|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|27.2|°C|1}} in July, while the annual mean is {{convert|13.25|°C|1}}. A majority of the annual precipitation of {{convert|541|mm|abbr=on}} occurs in July and August alone. With possible monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49% in July to 65% in October, the city receives 2,663 hours of bright sunshine annually.


{{Weather box|location = Cangzhou (1981−2010 normals)
{{Weather box|location = Cangzhou (1991–2020 normals)
|metric first = Y
|metric first=y
|single line = Y
|single line=y
|collapsed =
|collapsed = Y
|Jan high C = 2.7
|Jan high C = 2.9
|Feb high C = 6.8
|Feb high C = 6.9
|Mar high C = 13.9
|Mar high C = 14.0
|Apr high C = 21.3
|Apr high C = 21.5
|May high C = 27.5
|May high C = 27.4
|Jun high C = 31.6
|Jun high C = 31.7
|Jul high C = 32.1
|Jul high C = 32.4
|Aug high C = 30.4
|Aug high C = 30.8
|Sep high C = 27.2
|Sep high C = 27.2
|Oct high C = 20.5
|Oct high C = 20.6
|Nov high C = 11.4
|Nov high C = 11.5
|Dec high C = 4.0
|Dec high C = 4.4
⚫
|Jan mean C = -2.8

|Jan mean C = −3.2
|Feb mean C = 1.0
|Feb mean C = 0.9
|Mar mean C = 7.7
|Mar mean C = 7.5
|Apr mean C = 15.0
|Apr mean C = 14.7
|May mean C = 21.2
|May mean C = 21.1
|Jun mean C = 25.7
|Jun mean C = 25.6
|Jul mean C = 27.5
|Jul mean C = 27.2
|Aug mean C = 26
|Aug mean C = 25.5
|Sep mean C = 21.4
|Sep mean C = 21.1
|Oct mean C = 14.5
|Oct mean C = 14.4
|Nov mean C = 5.9
|Nov mean C = 5.5
|Dec mean C = -0.9
|Dec mean C = −1.3
|Jan low C = -7.1
|Feb low C = -3.7

|Jan low C = −7.7
|Mar low C = 2.3
|Feb low C = −3.8
|Apr low C = 9.3
|Mar low C = 2.0
|May low C = 15.2
|Apr low C = 8.9
|Jun low C = 20.3
|May low C = 15.0
|Jul low C = 23.2
|Jun low C = 20.0
|Aug low C = 21.9
|Jul low C = 22.8
|Sep low C = 16.5
|Aug low C = 21.5
|Oct low C = 9.3
|Sep low C = 16.0
|Nov low C = 1.3
|Oct low C = 9.1
|Dec low C = -5.0
|Jan record high C = 15.1 |Jan record low C = -22.1
⚫
|Nov low C = 0.7
|Dec low C = −5.5
|Feb record high C = 18.7 |Feb record low C = -14.6
|Mar record high C = 30.9 |Mar record low C = -11.3
|Apr record high C = 32.7 |Apr record low C = -1.2
|May record high C = 37.7 |May record low C = 5.1
|Jun record high C = 40.3 |Jun record low C = 12.5
|Jul record high C = 42.0 |Jul record low C = 17.1
|Aug record high C = 36.6 |Aug record low C = 14.1
|Sep record high C = 35.0 |Sep record low C = 6.8
|Oct record high C = 30.4 |Oct record low C = -2.3
|Nov record high C = 24.2 |Nov record low C = -8.3
|Dec record high C = 14.6 |Dec record low C = -20.3
|year high C = |year low C =
|year high F = |year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 2.6
|Jan precipitation mm = 2.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 5.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 7.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 10.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 8.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 20.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 22.8
|May precipitation mm = 38.6
|May precipitation mm = 35.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 73.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 71.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 169.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 153.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 125.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 126.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 44.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 49.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 34.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 36.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 12.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 16.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 3.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 3.0
⚫
|Jan humidity = 57
⚫
|year precipitation mm=
|Jan humidity = 58
|Feb humidity = 53
|Feb humidity = 57
|Mar humidity = 48
|Mar humidity = 47
|Apr humidity = 50
|Apr humidity = 49
|May humidity = 54
|May humidity = 54
|Jun humidity = 59
|Jun humidity = 60
|Jul humidity = 73
|Jul humidity = 72
|Aug humidity = 77
|Aug humidity = 78
|Sep humidity = 69
|Sep humidity = 71
|Oct humidity = 64
|Oct humidity = 65
|Nov humidity = 64
|Nov humidity = 62
|Dec humidity = 60
⚫
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
⚫
|Dec humidity = 61
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 1.6
|Jan precipitation days = 1.6
|Feb precipitation days = 2.5
|Feb precipitation days = 2.5
|Mar precipitation days = 2.9
|Mar precipitation days = 3.1
|Apr precipitation days = 4.8
|Apr precipitation days = 4.4
|May precipitation days = 5.7
|May precipitation days = 5.7
|Jun precipitation days = 8.1
|Jun precipitation days = 8.6
|Jul precipitation days = 11.5
|Jul precipitation days = 12.6
|Aug precipitation days = 9.5
|Aug precipitation days = 9.5
|Sep precipitation days = 5.6
|Sep precipitation days = 5.8
|Oct precipitation days = 4.7
|Oct precipitation days = 4.8
|Nov precipitation days = 3.7
|Nov precipitation days = 3.2
|Dec precipitation days = 1.9
|Dec precipitation days = 2.1
|year precipitation days =
|Jan sun = 174.4

|Jan sun = 188.8 |Jan percentsun = 63
|Feb sun = 182.3
|Feb sun = 184.5 |Feb percentsun = 61
|Mar sun = 234.3
|Mar sun = 229.2 |Mar percentsun = 62
|Apr sun = 253.1
|Apr sun = 250.7 |Apr percentsun = 64
|May sun = 279.5
|May sun = 274.6 |May percentsun = 63
|Jun sun = 247.6
|Jun sun = 261.5 |Jun percentsun = 59
|Jul sun = 215.2
|Jul sun = 219.8 |Jul percentsun = 49
|Aug sun = 215.3
|Aug sun = 229.3 |Aug percentsun = 54
|Sep sun = 220.5
|Sep sun = 235.2 |Sep percentsun = 63
|Oct sun = 209.5
|Oct sun = 226.6 |Oct percentsun = 65
|Nov sun = 172.3
|Nov sun = 186.7 |Nov percentsun = 62
|Dec sun = 165.7
|Dec sun = 175.8 |Dec percentsun = 60
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 57
⚫
|year percentsun= 60
| Feb percentsun = 59
⚫
|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration (precipitation days and sunshine 1971&ndash;2000)<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web|url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-cn |accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref><ref name="CMA old">
| Mar percentsun = 63
⚫
{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |accessdate=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archivedate=2013-09-21
| Apr percentsun = 64
| May percentsun = 63
| Jun percentsun = 56
| Jul percentsun = 48
| Aug percentsun = 52
| Sep percentsun = 60
| Oct percentsun = 61
| Nov percentsun = 57
| Dec percentsun = 56
⚫
| year percentsun =
|Jan snow days = 2.5
|Feb snow days = 2.1
|Mar snow days = 0.8
|Apr snow days = 0.2
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 1.0
|Dec snow days = 1.6
|year snow days =
⚫
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=26 August 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =26 August 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref><ref name="CMA old">
⚫
{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
}}
}}
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==Culture==
==Culture==
[[File:IronLion.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Iron Lion of Cangzhou|The Iron Lion]]]]
[[File:IronLion.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Iron Lion of Cangzhou|The Iron Lion]]]]
The city has historically been known in China for its ''[[Chinese martial arts|wushu]]'' (Chinese [[martial arts]]) and [[acrobatics]] (specifically, the ''Wu Qiao'' school). Cangzhou is also famed for its historic thousand-year-old 40-ton sculpture, the [[Iron Lion of Cangzhou]]. The sculpture is reportedly the largest cast-iron sculpture in the world, cast in 953 in the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms]] period. The famed lion has even given its name to a locally brewed [[beer]] and is a symbol of the city.<ref>Wagner, Donald B. [http://donwagner.dk/CANGZHOU/CANGZHOU.html "The cast iron lion of Cangzhou"], ''Needham Research Institute newsletter'', no. 10, June 1991, pp. 2-3.</ref>
The city has historically been known in China for its ''[[Chinese martial arts|wushu]]'' (Chinese [[martial arts]]) and [[acrobatics]] (specifically, the ''Wu Qiao'' school). Cangzhou is also famed for its historic thousand-year-old 40-ton sculpture, the [[Iron Lion of Cangzhou]]. The sculpture is reportedly the largest cast-iron sculpture in the world, cast in 953 in the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms]] period. The famed lion has even given its name to a locally brewed [[beer]] (iron lion beer, 铁狮啤酒) and is a symbol of the city.<ref>Wagner, Donald B. [http://donwagner.dk/CANGZHOU/CANGZHOU.html "The cast iron lion of Cangzhou"], ''Needham Research Institute newsletter'', no. 10, June 1991, pp. 2-3.</ref>


Cangzhou is home to a traditional Chinese form of [[musical performing arts]], [[Kuaiban Dagu]].
Cangzhou is home to a traditional Chinese form of [[musical performing arts]], [[Kuaiban Dagu]].


The city hosts seven mosques for Muslim adherents (mostly [[Hui people|Hui]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Steinhardt|first=Nancy Shatzman|title=China's Early Mosques|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4744-3721-9|location=Edinburgh|pages=168}}</ref> One of them, the West Mosque, has collected at its museum one of China's best collections of Islamic manuscripts and artefacts.<ref>[http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/briefs.php?searchterm=005_cangzhou_museum.inc&issue=005 WEST MOSQUE MUSEUM, CANGZHOU, HEBEI PROVINCE] CHINA HERITAGE NEWSLETTER, No. 5, March 2006. (China Heritage Project, The Australian National University. ISSN 1833-8461).</ref>
The city hosts seven mosques for Muslim adherents (mostly [[Hui people|Hui]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Steinhardt|first=Nancy Shatzman|title=China's Early Mosques|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4744-3721-9|location=Edinburgh|pages=168}}</ref> One of them, the West Mosque, has collected at its museum one of China's best collections of Islamic manuscripts and artefacts.<ref>[http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/briefs.php?searchterm=005_cangzhou_museum.inc&issue=005 WEST MOSQUE MUSEUM, CANGZHOU, HEBEI PROVINCE] CHINA HERITAGE NEWSLETTER, No. 5, March 2006. (China Heritage Project, The Australian National University. {{ISSN|1833-8461}}).</ref>


==Demographics and society==
==Demographics and society==
Cangzhou, though predominated by the [[Han Chinese]] majority, is home to a sizable population of the [[Muslim]] Hui [[Chinese minorities|minority]]. Intermarriage occasionally occurs between the majority Han and the Hui, but stereotypes of Hui still exist among Cangzhou's Han residents, and some tensions remain. Migration to Hebei province and Cangzhou by [[Xinjiang]] Muslim minorities (generally ethnic [[Uyghur people|Uighurs]]) is increasing.
Cangzhou, though predominated by the [[Han Chinese]] majority, is home to a sizable population of the [[Muslim]] Hui [[Chinese minorities|minority]]. Intermarriage occasionally occurs between the majority Han and the Hui, but stereotypes of Hui still exist among Cangzhou's Han residents, and some tensions remain. Migration to Hebei province and Cangzhou by [[Xinjiang]] Muslim minorities (generally ethnic [[Uyghur people|Uighurs]]) is increasing.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}


===Language===
===Language===
The dominant [[mother tongue|first language]] of Cangzhou's population is a variety of the northeastern [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] [[dialect continuum]] termed Cangzhou,<ref>[http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/classification/mandarin/jilu/canghui/huangle/index.php] {{deadlink}}</ref> and is a variety of [[Ji Lu Mandarin]]. There are some similarities with the [[Tianjin dialect|Tianjin variety]] and the [[Baoding]] variety of Mandarin, but both are considered distinct groups from that of Cangzhou [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/classification/mandarin/jilu/canghui/huangle/index.php]. Dialects of the Cangzhou area vary between localities and counties, though are generally [[mutual intelligibility|intelligible]] among each other.
The dominant [[mother tongue|first language]] of Cangzhou's population is a variety of the northeastern [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] [[dialect continuum]] termed Cangzhou,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/classification/mandarin/jilu/canghui/huangle/index.php |title=Mandarin Jilu Canghui Huangle Chinese Dialect Classification |access-date=27 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015235716/http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/classification/mandarin/jilu/canghui/huangle/index.php |archive-date=15 October 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which is a variety of [[Ji Lu Mandarin]]. There are some similarities with the [[Tianjin dialect|Tianjin variety]] and the [[Baoding]] variety of Mandarin, but both are considered distinct groups from that of Cangzhou [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/classification/mandarin/jilu/canghui/huangle/index.php]. Dialects of the Cangzhou area vary between localities and counties, though are generally [[mutual intelligibility|intelligible]] among each other.


==Municipal government==
==Municipal government==
Line 404: Line 445:
==Military==
==Military==
Cangzhou is home to the Cangzhou Airbase of the [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]]
Cangzhou is home to the Cangzhou Airbase of the [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]]

== Sports ==
[[Shijiazhuang Ever Bright]] moved to Cangzhou and changed their name to [[Cangzhou Mighty Lions F.C.|Cangzhou Mighty Lions]], they play at the [[Cangzhou Stadium]].


==Education==
==Education==
Line 414: Line 458:
*[[Sun Yue (basketball)|Sun Yue]] (1985), fifth Chinese national to play in the NBA
*[[Sun Yue (basketball)|Sun Yue]] (1985), fifth Chinese national to play in the NBA
*[[Wang Zi-Ping]] (1881–1973), Chinese martial arts grandmaster
*[[Wang Zi-Ping]] (1881–1973), Chinese martial arts grandmaster
*[[Jia Qinglin]] (1940), former member of [[Politburo Standing Committee]] and [[Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|Chairman of CPPCC]]
*[[Zhang Lichang]] (1939–2008), former member of [[Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party|Politburo]] and Party Secretary of [[Tianjin]].

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>
*DuBois, Thomas. ''The Sacred Village: Social Change and Religious Life in Rural North China''. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005.
*DuBois, Thomas. ''The Sacred Village: Social Change and Religious Life in Rural North China''. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005.


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.dy7cd.com/shownews.asp?NewsID=2013 Article about the Cangzhou Lion] (in Chinese)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050305023148/http://www.dy7cd.com/shownews.asp?NewsID=2013 Article about the Cangzhou Lion] (in Chinese)
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3273585.stm "Chinese 'serial killer' arrested"]. [[BBC World Service]]. 15 November 2003. (Incident in Cangzhou)
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3273585.stm "Chinese 'serial killer' arrested"]. [[BBC World Service]]. 15 November 2003. (Incident in Cangzhou)
* https://www.hyundai.news/eu/articles/press-releases/hyundai-motor-company-opens-new-plant-in-cangzhou-china.html
* https://www.hagetek.de/


{{Cangzhou}}
{{Cangzhou}}
{{Hebei topics}}
{{Hebei topics}}
{{Hebei}}
{{Hebei}}
{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Cangzhou]]
[[Category:Cangzhou| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Hebei]]
[[Category:Cities in Hebei]]
[[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Hebei]]
[[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Hebei]]

Latest revision as of 18:13, 31 October 2024

Not to be confused with Changzhou.
This article is about the modern city. For the historical prefecture, see Cang Prefecture.

Cangzhou
沧州市
Tsangchow
Prefecture-level city
Clockwise from the top: Iron Lion, Cangzhou Arena, Skyline of Cangzhou, Port of Huanghua, Arcadia Hotel
Nickname: 
Lion City (狮城)
Map
Location of Cangzhou City jurisdiction in Hebei
Location of Cangzhou City jurisdiction in Hebei
Cangzhou is located in Hebei
Cangzhou
Cangzhou
Location of the city centre in Hebei
Cangzhou is located in Northern China
Cangzhou
Cangzhou
Cangzhou (Northern China)
Cangzhou is located in China
Cangzhou
Cangzhou
Cangzhou (China)
Coordinates (Cangzhou municipal government): 38°18′17″N 116°50′19″E / 38.3047°N 116.8387°E / 38.3047; 116.8387
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHebei
Settled517
Established15 November 1983
Municipal seatYunhe District
Area
14,383.46 km2 (5,553.48 sq mi)
 • Urban
206.2 km2 (79.6 sq mi)
 • Metro
1,750.7 km2 (675.9 sq mi)
Elevation
13 m (42 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[1]
7,300,783
 • Density510/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
 • Urban
795,832
 • Urban density3,900/km2 (10,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,421,843
 • Metro density810/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
GDP[2]
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 332 billion
US$ 53.3 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 44,819
US$7,196
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
061000
Area code0317
ISO 3166 codeCN-HE-09
Licence plate prefixes2022
Websitecangzhou.gov.cn
Cangzhou
Simplified Chinese沧州
Traditional Chinese滄州
PostalTsangchow
Literal meaning"oceanside prefecture"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinCāngzhōu
IPA[tsʰáŋ.ʈʂóʊ]

Cangzhou[a] is a prefecture-level city in eastern Hebei province, People's Republic of China. At the 2020 census, Cangzhou's built-up (or metro) area made of Yunhe, Xinhua districts and Cang County largely being conurbated had a population of 1,421,843 inhabitants, while the prefecture-level administrative unit in total has a population of 7,300,783. It lies approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) from the major port city of Tianjin, and 180 km (110 mi) from Beijing.

History

[edit]

Cangzhou is reported to have been founded in the Southern and Northern Dynasties period (420−589 CE).

Administrative divisions

[edit]

Cangzhou City comprises 2 districts, 4 county-level cities, 9 counties and 1 autonomous county.

Map
Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2020)[3] 		Area (km2) Density
(/km2)
Yunhe District 运河区 Yùnhé Qū 511,086 138 1,957
Xinhua District 新华区 Xīnhuá Qū 284,746 89 2,472
Botou City 泊头市 Bótóu Shì 573,842 977 563
Renqiu City 任丘市 Rénqiū Shì 816,401 1,023 753
Huanghua City 黄骅市 Huánghuá Shì 652,401 1,545 317
Hejian City 河间市 Héjiān Shì 795,198 1,333 578
Cang County 沧县 Cāng Xiàn 626,011 1,527 432
Qing County 青县 Qīng Xiàn 420,878 968 403
Dongguang County 东光县 Dōngguāng Xiàn 340,288 710 493
Haixing County 海兴县 Hǎixīng Xiàn 189,273 836 263
Yanshan County 盐山县 Yánshān Xiàn 411,356 795 503
Suning County 肃宁县 Sùníng Xiàn 341,919 497 664
Nanpi County 南皮县 Nánpí Xiàn 347,473 794 441
Wuqiao County 吴桥县 Wúqiáo Xiàn 217,986 603 464
Xian County 献县 Xìàn Xiàn 568,418 1,191 479
Mengcun Hui Autonomous County 孟村回族自治县 Mèngcūn Huízú
Zìzhìxiàn 		203,507 393 458

Economics

[edit]

Cangzhou's urban center is a heavily industrial city, but the city's administrative territory also includes strongly agricultural areas, and is well known in China for its Chinese jujubes (Chinese dates), apples and pear (widely known under the export name of Tianjin Ya Pear). The North China Oil Field is within Cangzhou City's jurisdiction. Cangzhou also encompasses a large fishing port and the coal-exporting Huanghua Harbour. Notable International Companies located in Cangzhou Hyundai (Japan), Hage Fittings und Flanschen GmbH (Germany) (Hage Fluid Control Technology (Hebei) Co., Ltd Joint Venture).

Geography and transportation

[edit]
Map of the Grand Canal and vicinity

Cangzhou is located in eastern Hebei, immediately to the south of Tianjin, near the coast of the Bohai Sea of the Pacific Ocean. Bordering prefecture-level cities are Hengshui to the southwest, Baoding to the west, and Langfang to the north. It lies on the Beijing–Shanghai Railway.

The G1811 Huanghua–Shijiazhuang Expressway connects Cangzhou to Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital, and is linked to Beijing via both the G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway and G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway, which are concurrent within the province, and to Shanghai via G2. Cangzhou's Huanghua Harbour is the end of a main Chinese coal shipping railway, the Shuohuang Railway. Other major highways serving Cangzhou's urban area are China National Highway 104 and 307.

Major airports located closest to Cangzhou include Beijing Capital Airport and Tianjin Airport.

The Grand Canal passes directly through Cangzhou, and a district of Cangzhou (Yunhe District) is named after it.

Climate

[edit]

Cangzhou has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate/semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk/Dwa), with cold, dry winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) in January to 27.2 °C (81.0 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 13.25 °C (55.8 °F). A majority of the annual precipitation of 541 mm (21.3 in) occurs in July and August alone. With possible monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49% in July to 65% in October, the city receives 2,663 hours of bright sunshine annually.

Climate data for Cangzhou (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.1
(59.2) 		18.7
(65.7) 		30.9
(87.6) 		32.7
(90.9) 		37.7
(99.9) 		40.3
(104.5) 		42.0
(107.6) 		36.6
(97.9) 		35.0
(95.0) 		30.4
(86.7) 		24.2
(75.6) 		14.6
(58.3) 		42.0
(107.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.9
(37.2) 		6.9
(44.4) 		14.0
(57.2) 		21.5
(70.7) 		27.4
(81.3) 		31.7
(89.1) 		32.4
(90.3) 		30.8
(87.4) 		27.2
(81.0) 		20.6
(69.1) 		11.5
(52.7) 		4.4
(39.9) 		19.3
(66.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.8
(27.0) 		1.0
(33.8) 		7.7
(45.9) 		15.0
(59.0) 		21.2
(70.2) 		25.7
(78.3) 		27.5
(81.5) 		26
(79) 		21.4
(70.5) 		14.5
(58.1) 		5.9
(42.6) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		13.5
(56.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.1
(19.2) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		2.3
(36.1) 		9.3
(48.7) 		15.2
(59.4) 		20.3
(68.5) 		23.2
(73.8) 		21.9
(71.4) 		16.5
(61.7) 		9.3
(48.7) 		1.3
(34.3) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		8.6
(47.5)
Record low °C (°F) −22.1
(−7.8) 		−14.6
(5.7) 		−11.3
(11.7) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		5.1
(41.2) 		12.5
(54.5) 		17.1
(62.8) 		14.1
(57.4) 		6.8
(44.2) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−8.3
(17.1) 		−20.3
(−4.5) 		−22.1
(−7.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.4
(0.09) 		7.5
(0.30) 		8.7
(0.34) 		22.8
(0.90) 		35.9
(1.41) 		71.4
(2.81) 		153.5
(6.04) 		126.5
(4.98) 		49.5
(1.95) 		36.2
(1.43) 		16.0
(0.63) 		3.0
(0.12) 		533.4
(21)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.6 2.5 2.9 4.8 5.7 8.1 11.5 9.5 5.6 4.7 3.7 1.9 62.5
Average snowy days 2.5 2.1 0.8 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 1.6 8.2
Average relative humidity (%) 57 53 48 50 54 59 73 77 69 64 64 60 61
Mean monthly sunshine hours 174.4 182.3 234.3 253.1 279.5 247.6 215.2 215.3 220.5 209.5 172.3 165.7 2,569.7
Percent possible sunshine 57 59 63 64 63 56 48 52 60 61 57 56 58
Source: China Meteorological Administration[4][5][6]

Culture

[edit]
The Iron Lion

The city has historically been known in China for its wushu (Chinese martial arts) and acrobatics (specifically, the Wu Qiao school). Cangzhou is also famed for its historic thousand-year-old 40-ton sculpture, the Iron Lion of Cangzhou. The sculpture is reportedly the largest cast-iron sculpture in the world, cast in 953 in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The famed lion has even given its name to a locally brewed beer (iron lion beer, 铁狮啤酒) and is a symbol of the city.[7]

Cangzhou is home to a traditional Chinese form of musical performing arts, Kuaiban Dagu.

The city hosts seven mosques for Muslim adherents (mostly Hui).[8] One of them, the West Mosque, has collected at its museum one of China's best collections of Islamic manuscripts and artefacts.[9]

Demographics and society

[edit]

Cangzhou, though predominated by the Han Chinese majority, is home to a sizable population of the Muslim Hui minority. Intermarriage occasionally occurs between the majority Han and the Hui, but stereotypes of Hui still exist among Cangzhou's Han residents, and some tensions remain. Migration to Hebei province and Cangzhou by Xinjiang Muslim minorities (generally ethnic Uighurs) is increasing.[citation needed]

Language

[edit]

The dominant first language of Cangzhou's population is a variety of the northeastern Mandarin dialect continuum termed Cangzhou,[10] which is a variety of Ji Lu Mandarin. There are some similarities with the Tianjin variety and the Baoding variety of Mandarin, but both are considered distinct groups from that of Cangzhou [1]. Dialects of the Cangzhou area vary between localities and counties, though are generally intelligible among each other.

Municipal government

[edit]

The city, like all other Chinese administrative divisions, has a party committee, the People's government, the People's Congress, and the Political consultative conference.

Military

[edit]

Cangzhou is home to the Cangzhou Airbase of the People's Liberation Army Air Force

Sports

[edit]

Shijiazhuang Ever Bright moved to Cangzhou and changed their name to Cangzhou Mighty Lions, they play at the Cangzhou Stadium.

Education

[edit]

Cangzhou Normal University (沧州师范学院): now it has 871 teacher staff, including 607 full-time teachers, 233 people with the title of deputy senior or above, and 405 people with master's and doctor's degrees. The school motto is "knowing, morality, knowledge and behaviour, innovation" (明德、博学、知行、日新).

There is one international school in Cangzhou, the Cangzhou Zhenhua Korean International School (沧州振华韩国国际学校).[11]

Notable residents

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Chinese: 沧州; pinyin: Cāngzhōu; locally pronounced as /tsʰɑŋ˨˧ tʂou˨˧/

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "China: Hébĕi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) – Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  2. ^ 河北省统计局、国家统计局河北调查总队. 《河北经济年鉴－2018》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5356-7824-9. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  3. ^ "China: Hébĕi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  4. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  5. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  6. ^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
  7. ^ Wagner, Donald B. "The cast iron lion of Cangzhou", Needham Research Institute newsletter, no. 10, June 1991, pp. 2-3.
  8. ^ Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (2015). China's Early Mosques. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-4744-3721-9.
  9. ^ WEST MOSQUE MUSEUM, CANGZHOU, HEBEI PROVINCE CHINA HERITAGE NEWSLETTER, No. 5, March 2006. (China Heritage Project, The Australian National University. ISSN 1833-8461).
  10. ^ "Mandarin Jilu Canghui Huangle Chinese Dialect Classification". Archived from the original on 15 October 2006. Retrieved 27 September 2009.
  11. ^ "Schools Approved by the Ministry of Education For Enrolling Children of Foreign Nationals" (Archive). Ministry of Education of China. Retrieved on 17 August 2015.
  • DuBois, Thomas. The Sacred Village: Social Change and Religious Life in Rural North China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005.
[edit]
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