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{{Short description|Computing platform specialized to the Oracle Database}}
{{Advert|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox software
{{Infobox software
| title = Oracle Exadata
| title = Oracle Exadata
Line 7: Line 7:
| released = October 2008
| released = October 2008
| operating system = [[Oracle Linux]]
| operating system = [[Oracle Linux]]
| platform = Exadata Database Machine
| platform = Exadata Database Machine, Exadata Database Service, Exadata Cloud@Customer
| license = Commercial
| license = Commercial
| website = {{URL|http://www.oracle.com/exadata}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.oracle.com/exadata}}
}}
}}


[[File:Larry Ellison and Exadata.jpg|thumb|[[Larry Ellison]] and Exadata (2009)]]
The '''Oracle Exadata''' '''Database Machine''' ('''Exadata'''<ref name=":30">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/a/ocom/docs/engineered-systems/exadata/exadata-x8m-2-ds.pdf|title=Oracle Exadata Database Machine X8M-2|last=Various|date=September 2019|website=oracle.com|access-date=September 19, 2019}}</ref>) is a computing platform optimized for running [[Oracle Database]]s.
'''Oracle Exadata''' ('''Exadata'''<ref name=":30">{{Cite web |last=Various |date=July 11, 2024 |title=Oracle Exadata |url=https://www.oracle.com/engineered-systems/exadata/ |access-date=July 11, 2024 |website=oracle.com}}</ref>) is a computing system optimized for running [[Oracle Database]]s.


Exadata is a combined hardware and software platform that includes [[Scale out|scale-out]] [[x86-64]] compute and storage servers, [[RDMA over Converged Ethernet|RoCE]] or [[InfiniBand]] networking, RDMA-addressable memory acceleration, [[NVM Express|NVMe]] flash, and specialized software.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Pedregal-Martin|first=Cristobal|title=Exadata: Why and What|url=https://blogs.oracle.com/exadata/exadata-why-and-what|url-status=live}}</ref>
Exadata is a combined hardware and software platform that includes [[Scale out|scale-out]] [[x86-64]] compute and storage servers, [[RDMA over Converged Ethernet|RoCE]] networking, RDMA-addressable memory acceleration, [[NVM Express|NVMe]] flash, and specialized software.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Pedregal-Martin|first=Cristobal|title=Exadata: Why and What|url=https://blogs.oracle.com/exadata/exadata-why-and-what}}</ref>


Exadata was introduced in 2008 for on-premises deployment, and, since October 2015, via the [[Oracle Cloud]] as a subscription service, known as the ''Exadata Database Service''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Oracle Database Exadata Cloud Service: A Beginner's Guide|last=Spendolini|first=Brian|publisher=Oracle Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1260120875|location=Amazon.com}}</ref> Exadata Cloud@Customer is an on-premises implementation of Exadata Database Service, available since 2017. Oracle databases deployed in the Exadata Database Service or Exadata Cloud@Customer are 100% compatible with databases deployed on Exadata on-premises, enabling customers to transition to the Oracle Cloud with no application changes. Oracle Corporation manages this service, including hardware, network, Linux software and Exadata software, while customers have complete ownership of their databases.
Exadata was introduced in 2008 for on-premises deployment, and since October 2015, via the [[Oracle Cloud]] as a subscription service, known as the ''Exadata Database Service on Dedicated Infrastructure,''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Various |date=July 11, 2024 |title=Oracle Exadata Database Service on Dedicated Infrastructure |url=https://www.oracle.com/engineered-systems/exadata/#dedicated-infrastructure |access-date=July 11, 2024 |website=oracle.com}}</ref> and ''Exadata Database Service on Exascale Infrastructure''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Various |date=July 11, 2024 |title=Exadata Database Service on Exascale Infrastructure |url=https://www.oracle.com/engineered-systems/exadata/#exascale |access-date=July 11, 2024 |website=oracle.com}}</ref> ''Exadata Cloud@Customer''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Various |date=July 11, 2024 |title=Oracle Exadata Cloud@Customer |url=https://www.oracle.com/engineered-systems/exadata/#exadata-cloudatcustomer |access-date=July 11, 2024 |website=oracle.com}}</ref> is a hybrid cloud (on-premises) deployment of Exadata Database Service.


==Use cases==
==Use cases==
Exadata is designed to run all Oracle Database workloads, such as [[OLTP]], Data Warehousing, Analytics, and AI vector processing, often with multiple consolidated databases running simultaneously.
⚫
Exadata is designed to run Oracle Database workloads, such as an [[OLTP]] application running simultaneously with Analytics processing. Historically, specialized database computing platforms were designed for a particular workload, such as Data Warehousing, and poor or unusable for other workloads, such as OLTP. Exadata allows mixed workloads to share system resources fairly with resource management features allowing prioritized allocation, such as always favoring workloads servicing interactive users over reporting and batch, even if they are accessing the same data. Long running requests, characterized by Data Warehouses, reports, batch jobs and Analytics, are reputed to run many times faster compared to a conventional, non-Exadata database server.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/search/customers?Ntt=exadata&Dy=1&Nty=1&Ntk=S1|title=Exadata Customer Success Stories|access-date=July 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gartner.com/reviews/market/data-warehouse-solutions/vendor/oracle/product/oracle-exadata-database-machine|title=Gartner Peer Insights: Oracle Exadata Database Machine|last=Various|website=Gartner.com|access-date=August 8, 2018}}</ref>

⚫
Historically, specialized database computing platforms were designed for a particular workload, such as Data Warehousing, and poor or unusable for other workloads, such as OLTP. Exadata specializes in mixed workloads sharing system resources with resource management features for prioritization, such as favoring workloads servicing interactive users over reporting and batch. Long running requests, characterized by Data Warehouses, reports, batch jobs and Analytics, are reported to run many times faster compared to a conventional, non-Exadata database server.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Various |date=July 11, 2024 |title=Exadata Customer Success Stories |url=https://www.oracle.com/customers/?search=exadata |access-date=July 11, 2024 |website=oracle.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Various |date=July 11, 2024 |title=Gartner Peer Insights: Oracle Exadata Database Machine |url=https://www.gartner.com/reviews/market/integrated-systems/vendor/oracle/product/oracle-exadata-database-machine |access-date=July 11, 2024 |website=Gartner.com}}</ref>


== Release History ==
== Release History ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Exadata Release'''
! Exadata Release
|'''Primary Software Enhancements'''
! Primary Software Enhancements
|'''Primary Hardware Enhancements'''
! Primary Hardware Enhancements
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |Exadata Exascale
⚫
|X9M - Sept, 2021
July, 2024
|Fully elastic pay-per-use architecture. Users specify the cores and storage capacity needed, reducing entry-level infrastructure costs for Exadata Database Service and aligning costs with usage
|None
⚫
|-
|Large pools of shared compute and storage allow databases to quickly scale over time without concern for server-based size limitations or disruptive migrations
|None
⚫
|-
|Rapid and efficient database snapshots and thin cloning
|None
⚫
|-
| rowspan="5" |X10M - June 2023
|Exadata RDMA Memory (XRMEM) DRAM cache
|3x increase in compute cores (96-core AMD EPYC)
⚫
|-
|Oracle Linux 8 and UEK 6 kernel updates
|1.5x higher memory capacity
⚫
|-
|New In-Memory Columnar compression algorithm
|2.5x faster DDR5 memory
⚫
|-
|Optimized Smart Scan for more complex queries
|2.4x higher flash storage capacity (in all-flash storage)
⚫
|-
|Faster decryption and decompression
|22% more disk storage capacity
⚫
|-
⚫
| rowspan="6" |X9M - Sept, 2021
|Secure RDMA fabric isolation
|Secure RDMA fabric isolation
|PCIe 4.0 dual-port active-active 100Gb RoCE network
|PCIe 4.0 dual-port active-active 100&nbsp;Gb RoCE network
|-
|-
⚫
|
|Smart Flash Log write-back
|Smart Flash Log write-back
|33% increase in compute cores
|33% increase in compute cores
|-
|-
⚫
|
|Storage Index and Columnar Cache persistence
|Storage Index and Columnar Cache persistence
|33% increase in memory capacity
|33% increase in memory capacity
|-
|-
⚫
|
|Faster decryption and decompression Algorithms
|Faster decryption and decompression Algorithms
|28% increase in disk capacity
|28% increase in disk capacity
|-
|-
⚫
|
|Smart Scan performance optimizations
|Smart Scan performance optimizations
|1.8x greater internal fabric bandwidth (PCIe 4.0)
|1.8x greater internal fabric bandwidth (PCIe 4.0)
|-
|-
⚫
|
|
|
|1.8x greater flash bandwidth (PCIe 4.0)
|1.8x greater flash bandwidth (PCIe 4.0)
|-
|-
|X8M - Sept, 2019
| rowspan="4" |X8M - Sept, 2019
|RoCE: RDMA over Converged Ethernet
|RoCE: RDMA over Converged Ethernet
|Persistent Memory (PMEM) in storage
|Persistent Memory (PMEM) in storage
|-
|-
⚫
|
|Persistent Memory Data Accelerator
|Persistent Memory Data Accelerator
|100 Gbit/s internal fabric (2.5x increase)
|100 Gbit/s internal fabric (2.5x increase)
|-
|-
⚫
|
|Persistent Memory Commit Accelerator
|Persistent Memory Commit Accelerator
| rowspan="2" |
⚫
|
|-
|-
|
|KVM virtual machine support
|KVM virtual machine support
|
|-
|-
|X8 - April, 2019
| rowspan="3" |X8 - April, 2019
|AIDE: Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment
|AIDE: Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment
|Storage Server Extended (XT)
|Storage Server Extended (XT)
|-
|-
|
|ML-based monitoring and auto-indexing
|ML-based monitoring and auto-indexing
|40% increase in disk capacity
|40% increase in disk capacity
|-
|-
|
|Real-time updates of optimizer statistics
|Real-time updates of optimizer statistics
|60% increase in storage processor cores
|60% increase in storage processor cores
|-
|-
|X7 - Oct, 2017
| rowspan="3" |X7 - Oct, 2017
|In-memory database in flash storage
|In-memory database in flash storage
|2x increase in flash capacity
|2x increase in flash capacity
|-
|-
|
|DRAM cache in storage
|DRAM cache in storage
|25% increase in disk capacity
|25% increase in disk capacity
|-
|-
|
|Large-scale storage software updates
|Large-scale storage software updates
|25 Gbit/s data center Ethernet support
|25 Gbit/s data center Ethernet support
Line 95: Line 112:
|
|
|-
|-
|X6 - April, 2016
| rowspan="3" |X6 - April, 2016
|Exafusion direct-to-wire OLTP protocol
|Exafusion direct-to-wire OLTP protocol
|2x increase in flash capacity
|2x increase in flash capacity
|-
|-
|
|Smart Fusion Block Transfer
|Smart Fusion Block Transfer
|10% increase in compute cores
|10% increase in compute cores
|-
|-
|
|Smart Flash Log
|Smart Flash Log
|2x increase in memory capacity
|2x increase in memory capacity
Line 111: Line 126:
|
|
|-
|-
|X5 - Dec, 2014
| rowspan="5" |X5 - Dec, 2014
|In-memory database fault tolerance
|In-memory database fault tolerance
|2x increase in flash & disk capacity
|2x increase in flash & disk capacity
|-
|-
|
|Database snapshots
|Database snapshots
|Elastic configurations
|Elastic configurations
|-
|-
|
|Xen virtual machine support
|Xen virtual machine support
|All-flash storage server option
|All-flash storage server option
|-
|-
|
|NVMe flash protocol support
|NVMe flash protocol support
|50% increase in compute cores
|50% increase in compute cores
|-
|-
|
|IPv6 support
|IPv6 support
|50% increase in memory capacity
|50% increase in memory capacity
|-
|-
|X4 - Nov, 2013
| rowspan="4" |X4 - Nov, 2013
|Network Resource Management
|Network Resource Management
|2x increase in flash capacity
|2x increase in flash capacity
|-
|-
|
|I/O latency capping
|I/O latency capping
|2x increase in memory capacity
|2x increase in memory capacity
|-
|-
|
|Capacity-on-Demand licensing
|Capacity-on-Demand licensing
|50% increase in compute cores
|50% increase in compute cores
|-
|-
|
|Active/Active InfiniBand (2x increase)
|Active/Active InfiniBand (2x increase)
|33% increase in disk capacity
|33% increase in disk capacity
|-
|-
|X3 - Sept, 2013
| rowspan="5" |X3 - Sept, 2013
|Smart Flash Cache write-back
|Smart Flash Cache write-back
|Eighth-Rack configuration
|Eighth-Rack configuration
|-
|-
|
|Improved management of slow disks/flash
|Improved management of slow disks/flash
|4x increase in flash capacity
|4x increase in flash capacity
|-
|-
|
|Sub-second brownout after storage failure
|Sub-second brownout after storage failure
|33% increase in compute cores
|33% increase in compute cores
|-
|-
|
|Simplified disk replacement
|Simplified disk replacement
|75% increase in memory capacity
|75% increase in memory capacity
|-
|-
|
|Bypass predictive disk failure
|Bypass predictive disk failure
|2x increase in data center bandwidth
|2x increase in data center bandwidth
|-
|-
|X2 - Sept, 2010
| rowspan="7" |X2 - Sept, 2010
|Smart Flash Log
|Smart Flash Log
|8-socket (X2-8) configuration
|8-socket (X2-8) configuration
|-
|-
|
|Auto Service Request
|Auto Service Request
|Storage Expansion Rack
|Storage Expansion Rack
|-
|-
|
|Secure Erase of storage
|Secure Erase of storage
|Hardware-based decryption
|Hardware-based decryption
|-
|-
|
|Platinum Services
|Platinum Services
|50% increase in compute cores
|50% increase in compute cores
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |
|
|
|2x increase in memory capacity
|2x increase in memory capacity
|-
|-
|
|
|50% increase in disk capacity
|50% increase in disk capacity
|-
|-
|
|
|8x increase in data center bandwidth
|8x increase in data center bandwidth
|-
|-
|v2 - Sept, 2009
| rowspan="5" |v2 - Sept, 2009
|Storage Indexes
|Storage Indexes
|Flash storage
|Flash storage
|-
|-
|
|Database-aware Smart Flash Cache
|Database-aware Smart Flash Cache
|Quarter-Rack configuration
|Quarter-Rack configuration
|-
|-
|
|Hybrid Columnar Compression
|Hybrid Columnar Compression
|2x increase in memory & disk capacity
|2x increase in memory & disk capacity
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|
|
|3x increase in data center bandwidth
|3x increase in data center bandwidth
|-
|-
|
|
|40 Gbit/s internal fabric (2x increase)
|40 Gbit/s internal fabric (2x increase)
|-
|-
|v1 - Sept, 2008
| rowspan="6" |v1 - Sept, 2008
|Oracle Enterprise Linux
|Oracle Enterprise Linux
|Scale-out 4-socket compute servers
|Scale-out 4-socket compute servers
|-
|-
|
|Smart Scan (storage offload)
|Smart Scan (storage offload)
|Scale-out 4-socket storage servers
|Scale-out 4-socket storage servers
|-
|-
|
|IORM (I/O Resource Manager)
|IORM (I/O Resource Manager)
|20 Gbit/s internal fabric (InfiniBand)
|20 Gbit/s internal fabric (InfiniBand)
|-
|-
|
|Join filtering (Bloom filters)
|Join filtering (Bloom filters)
|1 Terabyte disks
|1 Terabyte disks
|-
|-
|
|Incremental backup filtering
|Incremental backup filtering
|1 Gbit/s data center network (Ethernet)
|1 Gbit/s data center network (Ethernet)
|-
|-
|
|Smart file creation
|Smart file creation
|
|
|}
|}


==End-of-support==
==Support Policy==
As the platform has been around since 2008, Oracle has published information related to the end-of-support for older Exadata generations. In Oracle's published document titled ''Oracle Hardware and
As the platform has been around since 2008, Oracle has published information related to the end-of-support for older Exadata generations. In Oracle's published document titled ''Oracle Hardware and Systems Support Policies'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/us/support/library/hardware-systems-support-policies-069182.pdf|title=Oracle Hardware and Systems Support Policies|access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref> they mention "After five years from last ship date, replacement parts may not be available and/or the response times for sending replacement parts may be delayed." To look up the "last ship date" of a particular Oracle Exadata generation, Oracle published a document titled ''Oracle Exadata - A guide for decision makers''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Various |title=Oracle Exadata - A guide for decision makers |url=https://www.oracle.com/a/otn/docs/exadata-decision-maker-guide.pdf |access-date=July 11, 2024 |website=oracle.com}}</ref>
Systems Support Policies'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/us/support/library/hardware-systems-support-policies-069182.pdf|title=Oracle Hardware and Systems Support Policies|access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref> they mention "After five years from last ship date, replacement parts may not be available and/or the response times for sending replacement parts may be delayed." To look up the "last ship date" of a particular Oracle Exadata generation, Oracle published a document titled ''Oracle Exadata - A guide for decision makers''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/a/otn/docs/exadata-decision-maker-guide.pdf|title=Oracle Exadata - A guide for decision makers|access-date=December 1, 2020}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 21:38, 5 November 2024

Oracle Exadata
Original author(s)Oracle Corporation
Initial releaseOctober 2008
Operating systemOracle Linux
PlatformExadata Database Machine, Exadata Database Service, Exadata Cloud@Customer
LicenseCommercial
Websitewww.oracle.com/exadata
Larry Ellison and Exadata (2009)

Oracle Exadata (Exadata[1]) is a computing system optimized for running Oracle Databases.

Exadata is a combined hardware and software platform that includes scale-out x86-64 compute and storage servers, RoCE networking, RDMA-addressable memory acceleration, NVMe flash, and specialized software.[2]

Exadata was introduced in 2008 for on-premises deployment, and since October 2015, via the Oracle Cloud as a subscription service, known as the Exadata Database Service on Dedicated Infrastructure,[3] and Exadata Database Service on Exascale Infrastructure.[4] Exadata Cloud@Customer[5] is a hybrid cloud (on-premises) deployment of Exadata Database Service.

Use cases

Exadata is designed to run all Oracle Database workloads, such as OLTP, Data Warehousing, Analytics, and AI vector processing, often with multiple consolidated databases running simultaneously.

Historically, specialized database computing platforms were designed for a particular workload, such as Data Warehousing, and poor or unusable for other workloads, such as OLTP. Exadata specializes in mixed workloads sharing system resources with resource management features for prioritization, such as favoring workloads servicing interactive users over reporting and batch. Long running requests, characterized by Data Warehouses, reports, batch jobs and Analytics, are reported to run many times faster compared to a conventional, non-Exadata database server.[6][7]

Release History

Exadata Release Primary Software Enhancements Primary Hardware Enhancements
Exadata Exascale

July, 2024

Fully elastic pay-per-use architecture. Users specify the cores and storage capacity needed, reducing entry-level infrastructure costs for Exadata Database Service and aligning costs with usage None
Large pools of shared compute and storage allow databases to quickly scale over time without concern for server-based size limitations or disruptive migrations None
Rapid and efficient database snapshots and thin cloning None
X10M - June 2023 Exadata RDMA Memory (XRMEM) DRAM cache 3x increase in compute cores (96-core AMD EPYC)
Oracle Linux 8 and UEK 6 kernel updates 1.5x higher memory capacity
New In-Memory Columnar compression algorithm 2.5x faster DDR5 memory
Optimized Smart Scan for more complex queries 2.4x higher flash storage capacity (in all-flash storage)
Faster decryption and decompression 22% more disk storage capacity
X9M - Sept, 2021 Secure RDMA fabric isolation PCIe 4.0 dual-port active-active 100 Gb RoCE network
Smart Flash Log write-back 33% increase in compute cores
Storage Index and Columnar Cache persistence 33% increase in memory capacity
Faster decryption and decompression Algorithms 28% increase in disk capacity
Smart Scan performance optimizations 1.8x greater internal fabric bandwidth (PCIe 4.0)
1.8x greater flash bandwidth (PCIe 4.0)
X8M - Sept, 2019 RoCE: RDMA over Converged Ethernet Persistent Memory (PMEM) in storage
Persistent Memory Data Accelerator 100 Gbit/s internal fabric (2.5x increase)
Persistent Memory Commit Accelerator
KVM virtual machine support
X8 - April, 2019 AIDE: Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment Storage Server Extended (XT)
ML-based monitoring and auto-indexing 40% increase in disk capacity
Real-time updates of optimizer statistics 60% increase in storage processor cores
X7 - Oct, 2017 In-memory database in flash storage 2x increase in flash capacity
DRAM cache in storage 25% increase in disk capacity
Large-scale storage software updates 25 Gbit/s data center Ethernet support
Exadata Cloud@Customer Exadata Cloud Service on-premises
X6 - April, 2016 Exafusion direct-to-wire OLTP protocol 2x increase in flash capacity
Smart Fusion Block Transfer 10% increase in compute cores
Smart Flash Log 2x increase in memory capacity
Exadata Cloud Service Exadata on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI)
X5 - Dec, 2014 In-memory database fault tolerance 2x increase in flash & disk capacity
Database snapshots Elastic configurations
Xen virtual machine support All-flash storage server option
NVMe flash protocol support 50% increase in compute cores
IPv6 support 50% increase in memory capacity
X4 - Nov, 2013 Network Resource Management 2x increase in flash capacity
I/O latency capping 2x increase in memory capacity
Capacity-on-Demand licensing 50% increase in compute cores
Active/Active InfiniBand (2x increase) 33% increase in disk capacity
X3 - Sept, 2013 Smart Flash Cache write-back Eighth-Rack configuration
Improved management of slow disks/flash 4x increase in flash capacity
Sub-second brownout after storage failure 33% increase in compute cores
Simplified disk replacement 75% increase in memory capacity
Bypass predictive disk failure 2x increase in data center bandwidth
X2 - Sept, 2010 Smart Flash Log 8-socket (X2-8) configuration
Auto Service Request Storage Expansion Rack
Secure Erase of storage Hardware-based decryption
Platinum Services 50% increase in compute cores
2x increase in memory capacity
50% increase in disk capacity
8x increase in data center bandwidth
v2 - Sept, 2009 Storage Indexes Flash storage
Database-aware Smart Flash Cache Quarter-Rack configuration
Hybrid Columnar Compression 2x increase in memory & disk capacity
3x increase in data center bandwidth
40 Gbit/s internal fabric (2x increase)
v1 - Sept, 2008 Oracle Enterprise Linux Scale-out 4-socket compute servers
Smart Scan (storage offload) Scale-out 4-socket storage servers
IORM (I/O Resource Manager) 20 Gbit/s internal fabric (InfiniBand)
Join filtering (Bloom filters) 1 Terabyte disks
Incremental backup filtering 1 Gbit/s data center network (Ethernet)
Smart file creation

Support Policy

As the platform has been around since 2008, Oracle has published information related to the end-of-support for older Exadata generations. In Oracle's published document titled Oracle Hardware and Systems Support Policies,[8] they mention "After five years from last ship date, replacement parts may not be available and/or the response times for sending replacement parts may be delayed." To look up the "last ship date" of a particular Oracle Exadata generation, Oracle published a document titled Oracle Exadata - A guide for decision makers.[9]

References

  1. ^ Various (July 11, 2024). "Oracle Exadata". oracle.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  2. ^ Pedregal-Martin, Cristobal. "Exadata: Why and What".
  3. ^ Various (July 11, 2024). "Oracle Exadata Database Service on Dedicated Infrastructure". oracle.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  4. ^ Various (July 11, 2024). "Exadata Database Service on Exascale Infrastructure". oracle.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  5. ^ Various (July 11, 2024). "Oracle Exadata Cloud@Customer". oracle.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  6. ^ Various (July 11, 2024). "Exadata Customer Success Stories". oracle.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  7. ^ Various (July 11, 2024). "Gartner Peer Insights: Oracle Exadata Database Machine". Gartner.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  8. ^ "Oracle Hardware and Systems Support Policies" (PDF). Retrieved March 5, 2021.
  9. ^ Various. "Oracle Exadata - A guide for decision makers" (PDF). oracle.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
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