1980 Summer Paralympics: Difference between revisions

VI Paralympic Games
Location	Arnhem, Netherlands
Nations	42
Athletes	1,973
Events	489 in 12 sports
Opening	21 June
Closing	30 June
Opened by	Princess Margriet
Stadium	National Sports Centre Papendal
	Summer ← Toronto 1976 New York/Stoke Mandeville 1984 → Winter ← Geilo 1980 Innsbruck 1984 → 1980 Summer Olympics

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The 1980 Summer Paralympics (Dutch: Paralympische Zomerspelen 1980), branded as the Olympics for the Disabled, were the sixth Summer Paralympic Games. They were held in Arnhem, Netherlands, from 21 to 30 June 1980.

Background

The Soviet Union, hosts of the 1980 Summer Olympics, were invited to host these Paralympics. However, disability sport was not there, and they passed; notoriously, a statement was issued denying the existence of any disabled people in the country (labelled "invalids" by Soviet officials).^[1]^[2] Soviet Paralympic teams were first represented in the 1988 Summer and Winter Games, also the last while the Soviet Union was extant. The first Paralympics on former Soviet territory would be in 2014.^[3]

There was controversy during the preparation for these Games over the inclusion of a team from South Africa. In the Netherlands, public and official opinion was against the inclusion of the South African team and pressure came from a number of sports organisations against the Organising Committee. The Dutch Parliament was negative as well. Eventually, the parliament decided against allowing the participation of the South African team. Although "much of the publicity relating to the South African participation had been negative, it did succeed in bringing the disabled sports movement into the minds of many people who would not have otherwise considered the subject at all. Dutch organisers also increased visibility through their fundraising ... building a fund that would hold a surplus years after the games. This would naturally find its expression in the International Fund Sport Disabled, supporting the future of the paralympic movement in the 1980s."^[4]

Mascots

The 1980 Paralympics were the first ever to have mascots: a pair of squirrels, Noggi and Joggi, designed by Necky Oprinsen from Sint-Michielsgestel. They were chosen through a design competition by Dutch broadcaster AVRO.^[5]

Sports

Competitors were divided into four disability categories: amputee, cerebral palsy, visually impaired, and wheelchair. It was the first time that cerebral palsy athletes competed in the Paralympics. Volleyball was added to the program as a new sport.^[6]

Participating delegations

Forty-three delegations took part in the Arnhem Paralympics. Iceland, Kuwait and Sudan made their first appearances.^[7]

Prior to the Games, the States General (national Parliament) of the Netherlands, as host country, adopted a motion declaring South Africa's participation "undesirable", due to its policy of apartheid. The 1980 Games thus marked South Africa's first absence from the Summer Paralympics since it had joined the movement in 1964, and it remained absent until 1992. The Netherlands' decision thus corrected the anomaly whereby South Africa had been banned from the Olympic movement since 1960, while still being authorised to take part in the Paralympic Games.^[8]^[9]

Argentina (11)
Australia (52)
Austria (48)
Bahamas (6)
Belgium (67)
Brazil (2)
Canada (94)
Colombia (11)
Czechoslovakia (7)
Denmark (42)
Egypt (33)
Ethiopia (1)
Finland (60)
France (97)
Great Britain (96)
Greece (7)
Hong Kong (11)
Iceland (12)
Indonesia (15)
Ireland (23)
Israel (47)
Italy (38)
Jamaica (13)
Japan (30)
Kenya (17)
Kuwait (9)
Luxembourg (9)
Malta (8)
Mexico (27)
Netherlands (108)
New Zealand (17)
Norway (53)
Poland (80)
South Korea (12)
Spain (24)
Sudan (11)
Sweden (94)
Switzerland (65)
United States (132)
West Germany (128)
Yugoslavia (31)
Zimbabwe (5)

Medal table

The top 10 NPCs by number of gold medals are listed below. The host nation, Netherlands, is highlighted.


Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	United States	75	66	54	195
2	Poland	75	50	52	177
3	West Germany	68	48	46	162
4	Canada	64	35	31	130
5	Great Britain	47	32	21	100
6	Netherlands*	33	31	36	100
7	Sweden	31	36	24	91
8	France	28	26	31	85
9	Mexico	20	16	6	42
10	Norway	15	13	8	36
Totals (10 entries)		456	353	309	1,118

References

^ Phillips, Sarah D. (2009). ""There Are No Invalids in the USSR!" A Missing Soviet Chapter in the New Disability History". Disability Studies Quarterly. 29 (3). doi:10.18061/dsq.v29i3.936.
^ "Russia's journey from "no invalids" to Paralympic champions". Rbth.com. 14 November 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
^ "Sochi 2014 Paralympics: IPC confident on venue accessibility". BBC Sport. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
^ Bailey, Steve (2008). Athlete First: A history of the paralympic movement. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 38–39. ISBN 9780470058244.
^ ""Arnheim 1980 – Paralympic Mascots "Noggi and Joggi". Theolympicdesign. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
^ "Arnhem 1980". International Paralympic Committee. 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
^ "Medal Standings – Arnhem 1980 Paralympic Games". International Paralympic Committee. 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
^ "'The Netherlands against Apartheid' – 1970s", International Institute of Social History
^ South Africa at the Paralympics, International Paralympic Committee

External links

International Paralympic Committee

Preceded by Toronto	Summer Paralympics Arnhem VI Paralympic Summer Games (1980)	Succeeded by New York–Stoke Mandeville

[1] Phillips, Sarah D. (2009). ""There Are No Invalids in the USSR!" A Missing Soviet Chapter in the New Disability History". Disability Studies Quarterly. 29 (3). doi:10.18061/dsq.v29i3.936.

[2] "Russia's journey from "no invalids" to Paralympic champions". Rbth.com. 14 November 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

[bbc-venues-3] "Sochi 2014 Paralympics: IPC confident on venue accessibility". BBC Sport. Retrieved 3 March 2014.

[Bailey-4] Bailey, Steve (2008). Athlete First: A history of the paralympic movement. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 38–39. ISBN 9780470058244.

[i610-5] ""Arnheim 1980 – Paralympic Mascots "Noggi and Joggi". Theolympicdesign. Retrieved 24 August 2024.

[6] "Arnhem 1980". International Paralympic Committee. 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2008.

[7] "Medal Standings – Arnhem 1980 Paralympic Games". International Paralympic Committee. 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2008.

[8] "'The Netherlands against Apartheid' – 1970s", International Institute of Social History

[9] South Africa at the Paralympics, International Paralympic Committee

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

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[9]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Multi-parasport event in Arnhem, Netherlands}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
 {{Infobox Olympic games|1980|Summer|Paralympics|
-| image       =
+| image       = 1980 Paralympic logo.png
 | image_size  = 200
 | host_city   = [[Arnhem]], Netherlands
@@ Line 7: / Line 8: @@
 | athletes    = 1,973
 | events      = 489 in 12 [[Paralympic sports|sports]]
 | opening     = 21 June
 | closing     = 30 June
 | opened_by   = [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands|Princess Margriet]]
@@ Line 16: / Line 17: @@
 | winter_next = [[1984 Winter Paralympics|Innsbruck 1984]]
 }}
-The '''1980 Summer Paralympics''' ({{lang-nl|Paralympische Zomerspelen 1980}}), branded as the '''Olympics for the Disabled''', were the sixth [[Summer Paralympic Games]]. They were held in [[Arnhem]], [[Netherlands]], from 21 to 30 June 1980.
+The '''1980 Summer Paralympics''' ({{langx|nl|Paralympische Zomerspelen 1980}}), branded as the '''Olympics for the Disabled''', were the sixth [[Summer Paralympic Games]]. They were held in [[Arnhem]], Netherlands, from 21 to 30 June 1980.
 ==Background==
+The Soviet Union, hosts of the [[1980 Summer Olympics]], were invited to host these Paralympics. However, disability sport was not there, and they passed; notoriously, a statement was issued denying the existence of any disabled people in the country (labelled "invalids" by Soviet officials).<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/936/1111|doi = 10.18061/dsq.v29i3.936|title = "There Are No Invalids in the USSR!" A Missing Soviet Chapter in the New Disability History|year = 2009|last1 = Phillips|first1 = Sarah D.|journal = Disability Studies Quarterly|volume = 29|issue = 3|doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rbth.com/sport/2013/11/14/russias_journey_from_no_invalids_to_paralympic_champions_31729.html|title=Russia's journey from "no invalids" to Paralympic champions|publisher=Rbth.com|date=14 November 2013 |access-date=30 October 2015}}</ref> Soviet Paralympic teams were first represented in the [[1988 Summer Paralympics|1988 Summer]] and [[1988 Winter Paralympics|Winter]] Games, also the last while the Soviet Union was extant. The first Paralympics on former Soviet territory would be in [[2014 Winter Paralympics|2014]].<ref name="bbc-venues">{{cite news|title=Sochi 2014 Paralympics: IPC confident on venue accessibility|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/disability-sport/26317884|work=BBC Sport|access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref>
-[[File:1980 Paralympic mascots.png|right|thumb|Noggi and Joggi, the official mascots of the 1980 Summer Paralympics]]
-The Soviet Union, hosts of the [[1980 Summer Olympics]], were invited to host these Paralympics. However, disability sport was not there, and they passed; notoriously, a statement was issued denying the existence of any disabled people in the country.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/936/1111|doi = 10.18061/dsq.v29i3.936|title = "There Are No Invalids in the USSR!" A Missing Soviet Chapter in the New Disability History|year = 2009|last1 = Phillips|first1 = Sarah D.|journal = Disability Studies Quarterly|volume = 29|issue = 3|doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rbth.com/sport/2013/11/14/russias_journey_from_no_invalids_to_paralympic_champions_31729.html|title=Russia's journey from "no invalids" to Paralympic champions|publisher=Rbth.com|date=14 November 2013 |access-date=30 October 2015}}</ref>  Soviet Paralympic teams were first represented in the [[1988 Summer Paralympics|1988 Summer]] and [[1988 Winter Paralympics|Winter]] Games, also the last while the Soviet Union was extant. The first Paralympics on former Soviet territory would be in [[2014 Winter Paralympics|2014]].<ref name="bbc-venues">{{cite news|title=Sochi 2014 Paralympics: IPC confident on venue accessibility|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/disability-sport/26317884|work=BBC Sport|access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref>
 There was controversy during the preparation for these Games over the inclusion of a team from South Africa. In the Netherlands, public and official opinion was against the inclusion of the South African team and pressure came from a number of sports organisations against the Organising Committee. The [[States General of the Netherlands|Dutch Parliament]] was negative as well. Eventually, the parliament decided against allowing the participation of the South African team. Although "much of the publicity relating to the South African participation had been negative, it did succeed in bringing the disabled sports movement into the minds of many people who would not have otherwise considered the subject at all. Dutch organisers also increased visibility through their fundraising ... building a fund that would hold a surplus years after the games. This would naturally find its expression in the International Fund Sport Disabled, supporting the future of the paralympic movement in the 1980s."<ref name="Bailey">{{Cite book| last=Bailey | first=Steve | title=Athlete First: A history of the paralympic movement | year=2008 | url=https://archive.org/details/athletefirsthist00bail | url-access=limited | publication-date=2008 | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | pages=[https://archive.org/details/athletefirsthist00bail/page/n60 38]–39 | isbn=9780470058244}}</ref>
+==Mascots==
+{{main|Noggi and Joggi}}
+The 1980 Paralympics were the first ever to have mascots: a pair of [[squirrel]]s, Noggi and Joggi, designed by Necky Oprinsen from [[Sint-Michielsgestel]]. They were chosen through a design competition by Dutch broadcaster [[AVRO]].<ref name="i610">{{cite web | title="Arnheim 1980 – Paralympic Mascots "Noggi and Joggi | website=Theolympicdesign | url=https://www.theolympicdesign.com/paralympics/mascots/arnhem-1980/ | access-date=2024-08-24}}</ref>
 == Sports ==
@@ Line 46: / Line 50: @@
 Forty-three delegations took part in the Arnhem Paralympics. [[Iceland at the 1980 Summer Paralympics|Iceland]], [[Kuwait at the 1980 Summer Paralympics|Kuwait]] and [[Sudan at the 1980 Summer Paralympics|Sudan]] made their first appearances.<ref>{{cite web |title=Medal Standings – Arnhem 1980 Paralympic Games |publisher=[[International Paralympic Committee]] |date=2008 |url=http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/reports.html?type=medalstandings&games=1980PG&sport=all |access-date=2008-08-08}}</ref>
-Prior to the Games, the [[States General of the Netherlands|States General (national Parliament)]] of the Netherlands, as host country, adopted a motion declaring [[South Africa at the Paralympics|South Africa]]'s participation "undesirable", due to its policy of [[apartheid]]. The 1980 Games thus marked South Africa's first absence from the Summer Paralympics since it had joined the movement in 1964, and it remained absent until 1992. The United States and other countries [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|boycotted]] the Olympics because of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]] but they did not boycott the Paralympics. The Netherlands' decision thus corrected the anomaly whereby South Africa had been banned from the Olympic movement since 1960, while still being authorised to take part in the Paralympic Games.<ref>[http://www.iisg.nl/collections/anti-apartheid/history/jaren70-5.php "'The Netherlands against Apartheid' – 1970s"], International Institute of Social History</ref><ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/search.html?npc=RSA&gender=all&medal=all&sport=all&games=all South Africa at the Paralympics], [[International Paralympic Committee]]</ref>
+Prior to the Games, the [[States General of the Netherlands|States General (national Parliament)]] of the Netherlands, as host country, adopted a motion declaring [[South Africa at the Paralympics|South Africa]]'s participation "undesirable", due to its policy of [[apartheid]]. The 1980 Games thus marked South Africa's first absence from the Summer Paralympics since it had joined the movement in 1964, and it remained absent until 1992. The Netherlands' decision thus corrected the anomaly whereby South Africa had been banned from the Olympic movement since 1960, while still being authorised to take part in the Paralympic Games.<ref>[http://www.iisg.nl/collections/anti-apartheid/history/jaren70-5.php "'The Netherlands against Apartheid' – 1970s"], International Institute of Social History</ref><ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/search.html?npc=RSA&gender=all&medal=all&sport=all&games=all South Africa at the Paralympics], [[International Paralympic Committee]]</ref>
 {{clear}}
+{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
-{{Col-begin}}
-{{Col-3}}
 * {{FlagIPC|ARG|1980 Summer|11}}
 * {{FlagIPC|AUS|1980 Summer|52}}
@@ Line 64: / Line 67: @@
 * {{FlagIPC|FIN|1980 Summer|60}}
 * {{FlagIPC|FRA|1980 Summer|97}}
-{{Col-3}}
 * {{FlagIPC|GBR|1980 Summer|96}}
 * {{FlagIPC|GRE|1980 Summer|7}}
@@ Line 79: / Line 81: @@
 * {{FlagIPC|LUX|1980 Summer|9}}
 * {{FlagIPC|MLT|1980 Summer|8}}
-{{Col-3}}
 * {{FlagIPC|MEX|1980 Summer|27}}
 * {{FlagIPC|NED|1980 Summer|108}}
@@ Line 94: / Line 95: @@
 * {{FlagIPC|YUG|1980 Summer|31}}
 * {{FlagIPC|ZIM|1980 Summer|5}}
-{{Col-end}}
+{{div col end}}
 == Medal table ==
@@ Line 107: / Line 108: @@
  | gold_USA = 75 | silver_USA = 66 | bronze_USA = 54
  | gold_POL = 75 | silver_POL = 50 | bronze_POL = 52
- | gold_FRG = 67 | silver_FRG = 48 | bronze_FRG = 46
+ | gold_FRG = 68 | silver_FRG = 48 | bronze_FRG = 46
  | gold_CAN = 64 | silver_CAN = 35 | bronze_CAN = 31
  | gold_GBR = 47 | silver_GBR = 32 | bronze_GBR = 21
@@ Line 144: / Line 145: @@
 [[Category:Multi-sport events in the Netherlands]]
 [[Category:1980 in multi-sport events|Paralympic Games]]
-[[Category:Summer Paralympic Games]]
+[[Category:Summer Paralympic Games by year]]
 [[Category:June 1980 sports events in Europe]]
 [[Category:Sports competitions in Arnhem]]

v t e Paralympic Games
Charter Host cities IPC NPCs Medal tables Medalists Participating nations Summer Winter Sports Symbols
Summer Games	1960 Rome 1964 Tokyo 1968 Tel Aviv 1972 Heidelberg 1976 Toronto 1980 Arnhem 1984 New York / Stoke Mandeville 1988 Seoul 1992 Barcelona / Madrid 1996 Atlanta 2000 Sydney 2004 Athens 2008 Beijing 2012 London 2016 Rio de Janeiro 2020 Tokyo^† 2024 Paris 2028 Los Angeles 2032 Brisbane
Winter Games	1976 Örnsköldsvik 1980 Geilo 1984 Innsbruck 1988 Innsbruck 1992 Tignes / Albertville 1994 Lillehammer 1998 Nagano 2002 Salt Lake City 2006 Turin 2010 Vancouver 2014 Sochi 2018 PyeongChang 2022 Beijing 2026 Milano Cortina 2030 French Alps 2034 Salt Lake City–Utah
^†Postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic