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{{Short description|Imperial Russian Army general of the infantry}}
{{No footnotes|date=April 2017}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{infobox military person
{{infobox military person
|name = Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov
| name = Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov
| native_name = Владимир Васильевич Смирнов
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1849|07|04|df=y}}
| native_name_lang = ru
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1918|11|01|1849|07|04|df=y}}
| image = General Vladimir Smirnov.jpg
|birth_place= [[Russian Empire]]
| image_size = 200px
|death_place = [[Pyatigorsk]], [[Russian SFSR]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1849|6|4|df=y}}
|allegiance = [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1918|11|1|1849|6|4|df=y}}
|branch = [[Imperial Russian Army]]
| birth_place = [[Russian Empire]]
|rank = [[General of the Infantry (Imperial Russia)|General of the Infantry]]
| death_place = [[Pyatigorsk]], [[Russian SFSR]]
|commands = 131st Infantry Regiment<br>[[18th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)|18th Infantry Division]]<br>[[2nd Siberian Army Corps]]<br>[[20th Army Corps (Russian Empire)|20th Army Corps]]<br>[[2nd Army (Russian Empire)|2nd Army]]<br>[[Western Front (Russian Empire)|Western Front]]
| allegiance = {{flag|Russian Empire|1914}}<br>{{flag|Russian Republic}} <small>(from 1917)</small>
|battles =
| branch = [[File:Badge of the Russian Imperial Army.jpg|20px]] [[Imperial Russian Army]]<br>[[File:Russian coa 1917.svg|20px]] [[Russian Army (1917)|Russian Army]] <small>(from 1917)</small>
*[[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)]]
| serviceyears = 1865–1917
*[[World War I]]
| rank = [[General of the Infantry (Imperial Russia)|General of the Infantry]]
**[[Battle of Tannenberg]]
| commands = 131st Infantry Regiment<br>[[18th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)|18th Infantry Division]]<br>[[2nd Siberian Army Corps]]<br>[[20th Army Corps (Russian Empire)|20th Army Corps]]<br>[[2nd Army (Russian Empire)|2nd Army]]<br>[[Western Front (Russian Empire)|Western Front]]
**[[Lake Naroch Offensive]]
| battles =
{{tree list}}
* [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|Russo-Turkish War]]
* [[World War I]]
** [[Second Battle of the Vistula River]]
** [[Second Battle of Bolimów]]
** [[Battle of Smorgon]]
** [[Lake Naroch Offensive]]
{{tree list/end}}
}}
}}
'''Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov''' (July 4, 1849 – November 1, 1918) was an [[Imperial Russian Army]] [[general of the infantry]] who was a [[Division (military)|division]], [[corps]] and [[field army]] commander. He fought in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878]] and in [[World War I]].
'''Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov''' ({{Langx|ru|Владимир Васильевич Смирнов}}; 4 June 1849 – 1 November 1918) was an [[Imperial Russian Army]] [[general of the infantry]] who was a [[Division (military)|division]], [[corps]] and [[field army]] commander. He fought in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878]] and in [[World War I]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
Born on 4 July 1849, Smirnov began his education in the [[Polotsk]] [[Cadet]] Corps, then transferred to the Pavlovsk Military School on 23 August 1865. On 17 June 1867 he graduated as a [[second lieutenant]] and was assigned to the [[28th Polotsk Infantry Regiment]]. On 17 July 1867, he received a promotion to [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]] and transferred to the Life Guards of the Moscow Regiment, in which was promoted successively to [[second lieutenant]] on 17 April 1870), [[lieutenant]] on 30 August 1872), and staff [[captain]] on 30 August 1872.
Born on 4 June 1849,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Смирнов Владимир Васильевич 1 — Офицеры русской императорской армии |url=https://www.ria1914.info/index.php/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_1 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=www.ria1914.info}}</ref> Smirnov began his education in the [[Polotsk]] [[Cadet]] Corps, then transferred to the Pavlovsk Military School on 23 August 1865.<ref name=":0" /> On 17 June 1867 he graduated as a [[second lieutenant]] and was assigned to the [[28th Polotsk Infantry Regiment]]. On 17 July 1867, he received a promotion to [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]] and transferred to the Life Guards of the Moscow Regiment, in which was promoted successively to [[second lieutenant]] on 17 April 1870, [[lieutenant]] on 30 August 1872, and staff [[captain]] on 30 August 1872.


In 1874, Smirnov graduated second in his class from the course of sciences at the [[Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia|Nikolayev Academy of the General Staff]] and was assigned to the [[Headquarters unit|headquarters]] of the [[Kharkov Military District]]. On 5 March 1875 he was appointed senior [[adjutant]] to the headquarters of the [[36th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)|36th Infantry Division]] and while there received a promotion to [[captain]] on 13 April 1875. On 1 December 1875 he became an assistant to the senior adjutant of the headquarters of the Kharkov Military District.
In 1874, Smirnov graduated second in his class from the course of sciences at the [[Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia|Nikolayev Academy of the General Staff]] and was assigned to the [[Headquarters unit|headquarters]] of the [[Kharkov Military District]]. On 5 March 1875 he was appointed senior [[adjutant]] to the headquarters of the [[36th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)|36th Infantry Division]] and while there received a promotion to [[captain]] on 13 April 1875. On 1 December 1875 he became an assistant to the senior adjutant of the headquarters of the Kharkov Military District.


On 4 November 1876, Smirnov took up the post of senior adjutant of the headquarters of the [[7th Army Corps (Russian Empire)|7th Army Corps]], in whose ranks he took part in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878]], serving from 11 November 1877 at the headquarters of the [[Odessa Military District]]. For distinctive service in that conflict he was awarded the [[Order of St. Anne]] 3rd class.
On 4 November 1876, Smirnov took up the post of senior adjutant of the headquarters of the [[7th Army Corps (Russian Empire)|7th Army Corps]], in whose ranks he took part in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878]], serving from 11 November 1877 at the headquarters of the [[Odessa Military District]]. For distinctive service in that conflict he was awarded the [[Order of Saint Anna]] 3rd class.


Smironov was promoted to [[lieutenant colonel]] on 16 April 1878 and to [[colonel]] on 12 April 12, 1881. From 1 August to 15 September 1881 he commanded a [[battalion]] of the [[57th Modlinsky Infantry Regiment]]. Appointed chief of staff of the [[5th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)|5th Infantry Division]] on 20 July 1884, Smirnov spent almost seven years in that position. On 1 April 1891, he took command of the [[131st Infantry Regiment (Russian Empire)|131st Infantry Regiment]] at [[Tiraspol]].
Smironov was promoted to [[lieutenant colonel]] on 16 April 1878 and to [[colonel]] on 12 April 12, 1881. From 1 August to 15 September 1881 he commanded a [[battalion]] of the [[57th Modlinsky Infantry Regiment]]. Appointed chief of staff of the [[5th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)|5th Infantry Division]] on 20 July 1884, Smirnov spent almost seven years in that position. On 1 April 1891, he took command of the [[131st Infantry Regiment (Russian Empire)|131st Infantry Regiment]] at [[Tiraspol]].
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When the [[Russian Empire]] entered [[World War I]] on 1 August 1914, Smirnov was still in command of the 20th Army Corps. For distinguished service at the front, he was awarded the [[Order of St. George]] Fourth Class on 25 October 1914. On 20 November 1914, Smirnov took command of the [[2nd Army (Russian Empire)|2nd Army]], the official order confirming him in this post following on 5 December 1914.
When the [[Russian Empire]] entered [[World War I]] on 1 August 1914, Smirnov was still in command of the 20th Army Corps. For distinguished service at the front, he was awarded the [[Order of St. George]] Fourth Class on 25 October 1914. On 20 November 1914, Smirnov took command of the [[2nd Army (Russian Empire)|2nd Army]], the official order confirming him in this post following on 5 December 1914.


In March 1916, Smirnov was forced to leave the front due to a serious illness, and the 2nd Army, which dealt the main blow against [[Imperial German Army]] forces during the [[Lake Naroch Offensive]], was transferred under the command of [[General]] [[Alexander Ragoza]].
In March 1916, Smirnov was forced to leave the front due to a serious illness, and the 2nd Army, which dealt the main blow against [[Imperial German Army]] forces during the [[Lake Naroch Offensive]], was transferred to the command of [[General]] [[Alexander Ragoza]].<ref name="rlg">{{cite book |last1=Buttar |first1=Prit |title=Russia's Last Gasp: The Eastern Front 1916-17 |date=2017 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford |isbn=9781472824899 |pages=93}}</ref>


In March 1917, Smirnov relieved General [[Aleksei Evert]]as commander of the [[Western Front (Russian Empire)|Western Front]]. A subordinate, V. Dzhunkovsky, lamented the end of Smirnov's long tour ascommander of the 2nd Army, recalling: “The departure of the commander of the 2nd Army, General Smirnov: On the same day I published a farewell order of the commander of the army, the worthy General Smirnov, who received a different appointment. I was very sorry to leave the command of this honest, noble general.”
In March 1917, Smirnov relieved General [[Aleksei Evert]] as commander of the [[Western Front (Russian Empire)|Western Front]]. A subordinate, V. Dzhunkovsky, lamented the end of Smirnov's long tour as commander of the 2nd Army, recalling: “The departure of the commander of the 2nd Army, General Smirnov: On the same day I published a farewell order of the commander of the army, the worthy General Smirnov, who received a different appointment. I was very sorry to leave the command of this honest, noble general.”


Smirnov's command of the Western Front was short-lived. On 8 April 1917, he was reassigned to the [[Ministry of War of the Russian Empire|Ministry of War]], and on 22 April 1917 he became a member of the Ministry of War′s Military Council.
Smirnov's command of the Western Front was short-lived. On 8 April 1917, he was reassigned to the [[Ministry of War of the Russian Empire|Ministry of War]], and on 22 April 1917 he became a member of the Ministry of War's Military Council.


===Russian Civil War===
===Russian Civil War===
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*[[File:Order of Saint Vladimir, ribbon bar.svg|120px]] [[Order of Saint Vladimir]], 2nd Class (6 December 1911)
*[[File:Order of Saint Vladimir, ribbon bar.svg|120px]] [[Order of Saint Vladimir]], 2nd Class (6 December 1911)
*[[File:RUS Order of Saint George 4th class ribbon 2000.svg|120px]] [[Order of St. George]], 4th Class (25 October 1914)
*[[File:RUS Order of Saint George 4th class ribbon 2000.svg|120px]] [[Order of St. George]], 4th Class (25 October 1914)
*[[File:RUS Order White Eagle BAR.png|120px]] [[Order of the White Eagle (Russian Empire)]] (1914)
*[[File:RUS Order White Eagle BAR.png|120px]] [[Order of the White Eagle (Russian Empire)|Order of the White Eagle]] (1914)
{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=}}
{{s-bef
| before =
}}
{{s-ttl
{{s-ttl|title=Chief of Staff of the 5th Infantry Division|years=1884–1891}}
| title = Chief of Staff of the [[5th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)|5th Infantry Division]]
{{s-aft|after=[[Alexander Iosafovich Ievreinov]]}}
| years = 1884–1891
{{s-bef|before=}}
}}
{{s-ttl|title=Commander of the 131st Infantry Regiment|years=1891–1894}}
{{s-aft|after=}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Alexander Ievreinov]]
{{s-bef|before=}}
}}
{{s-ttl|title=Commander of the 18th Infantry Division|years=1901–1906}}
{{s-aft|after=}}
{{s-bef
{{s-bef|before=[[Mikhail Zasulich]]}}
| before =
}}
{{s-ttl|title=Commander of the 2nd Siberian Army Corps|years=1906–1908}}
{{s-aft|after=}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Commander of the 131st Infantry Regiment
{{s-bef|before=[[Vladimir Alexandrovich Bekman]]}}
| years = 1891–1894
{{s-ttl|title=Commander of the 20th Army Corps|years=1908–1914}}
}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Pavel Bulgakov]]}}
{{s-aft
{{s-bef|before=[[Sergei Scheidemann]]}}
| after =
{{s-ttl|title=Commander of the 2nd Army|years=December 1914 – April 1917}}
}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Anthony Veselovsky|Anthony Andreyvich Veselovsky]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Alexei Evert]]}}
{{s-bef
| before =
{{s-ttl|title=Commander of the Western Front|years=March 11–31, 1917}}
}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vasily Gurko]]}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Commander of the [[18th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)|18th Infantry Division]]
| years = 1901–1906
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Yakov Schkinsky]]
}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Mikhail Zasulich]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Commander of the [[2nd Siberian Army Corps]]
| years = 1906–1908
}}
{{s-aft
| after =
}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Vladimir Alexandrovich Bekman]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Commander of the [[20th Army Corps (Russian Empire)|20th Army Corps]]
| years = 1908–1914
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Pavel Bulgakov]]
}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Sergei Scheidemann]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Commander of the [[2nd Army (Russian Empire)|2nd Army]]
| years = 5 December 1914 – 8 April 1917
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Anthony Veselovsky]]
}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Alexei Evert]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Commander of the [[Western Front (Russian Empire)|Western Front]]
| years = 11 March – 31 March 1917
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Vasily Gurko]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}


==Sources==
==Sources==
* Военный дневник великого князя Андрея Владимировича Романова. (1914—1917). — Москва. Издательство им. Сабашниковых,2008.- {{ISBN|5-8242-0097-1}}.
* Военный дневник великого князя Андрея Владимировича Романова. (1914–1917). — Москва. Издательство им. Сабашниковых,2008.- {{ISBN|5-8242-0097-1}}.
* Джунковский В. Ф. Воспоминания (1915—1917). Том 3. — М.: Издательство им. Сабашниковых, 2015.- {{ISBN|978-5-8242-0143-7}}.
* Джунковский В. Ф. Воспоминания (1915–1917). Том 3. — М.: Издательство им. Сабашниковых, 2015.- {{ISBN|978-5-8242-0143-7}}.
* ''Залесский К. А.'' Кто был кто в Первой мировой войне. М., 2003.
* ''Залесский К. А.'' Кто был кто в Первой мировой войне. М., 2003.
* ''Рутыч Н. Н.'' Биографический справочник высших чинов Добровольческой армии и Вооруженных Сил Юга России. М., 2002.
* ''Рутыч Н. Н.'' Биографический справочник высших чинов Добровольческой армии и Вооруженных Сил Юга России. М., 2002.
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[[Category:Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Russian Provisional Government generals]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 2nd class]]
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[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russian)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)]]
[[Category:People executed by the Soviet Union by firing squad]]

Latest revision as of 10:25, 17 November 2024

Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov
Native name
Владимир Васильевич Смирнов
Born(1849-06-04)4 June 1849
Russian Empire
Died1 November 1918(1918-11-01) (aged 69)
Pyatigorsk, Russian SFSR
Allegiance Russian Empire
 Russian Republic (from 1917)
Service / branch Imperial Russian Army
Russian Army (from 1917)
Years of service1865–1917
RankGeneral of the Infantry
Commands131st Infantry Regiment
18th Infantry Division
2nd Siberian Army Corps
20th Army Corps
2nd Army
Western Front
Battles / wars

Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov (Russian: Владимир Васильевич Смирнов; 4 June 1849 – 1 November 1918) was an Imperial Russian Army general of the infantry who was a division, corps and field army commander. He fought in the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and in World War I.

Biography

[edit]

Born on 4 June 1849,[1] Smirnov began his education in the Polotsk Cadet Corps, then transferred to the Pavlovsk Military School on 23 August 1865.[1] On 17 June 1867 he graduated as a second lieutenant and was assigned to the 28th Polotsk Infantry Regiment. On 17 July 1867, he received a promotion to ensign and transferred to the Life Guards of the Moscow Regiment, in which was promoted successively to second lieutenant on 17 April 1870, lieutenant on 30 August 1872, and staff captain on 30 August 1872.

In 1874, Smirnov graduated second in his class from the course of sciences at the Nikolayev Academy of the General Staff and was assigned to the headquarters of the Kharkov Military District. On 5 March 1875 he was appointed senior adjutant to the headquarters of the 36th Infantry Division and while there received a promotion to captain on 13 April 1875. On 1 December 1875 he became an assistant to the senior adjutant of the headquarters of the Kharkov Military District.

On 4 November 1876, Smirnov took up the post of senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 7th Army Corps, in whose ranks he took part in the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878, serving from 11 November 1877 at the headquarters of the Odessa Military District. For distinctive service in that conflict he was awarded the Order of Saint Anna 3rd class.

Smironov was promoted to lieutenant colonel on 16 April 1878 and to colonel on 12 April 12, 1881. From 1 August to 15 September 1881 he commanded a battalion of the 57th Modlinsky Infantry Regiment. Appointed chief of staff of the 5th Infantry Division on 20 July 1884, Smirnov spent almost seven years in that position. On 1 April 1891, he took command of the 131st Infantry Regiment at Tiraspol.

On 26 February 1894, Smirnov was promoted to major general for his distinguished service and was appointed chief of staff of the 9th Army Corps. On 4 July 1901 he was appointed commanding officer of the 18th Infantry Division, and on 6 December 1901 he was promoted to lieutenant general. On 9 July 1906, Smirnov became commanding officer of the 2nd Siberian Army Corps.

On 13 April 1908, Smirnov was promoted to general of the infantry, and on 28 July 1908 he took command of the 20th Army Corps.

World War I

[edit]

When the Russian Empire entered World War I on 1 August 1914, Smirnov was still in command of the 20th Army Corps. For distinguished service at the front, he was awarded the Order of St. George Fourth Class on 25 October 1914. On 20 November 1914, Smirnov took command of the 2nd Army, the official order confirming him in this post following on 5 December 1914.

In March 1916, Smirnov was forced to leave the front due to a serious illness, and the 2nd Army, which dealt the main blow against Imperial German Army forces during the Lake Naroch Offensive, was transferred to the command of General Alexander Ragoza.[2]

In March 1917, Smirnov relieved General Aleksei Evert as commander of the Western Front. A subordinate, V. Dzhunkovsky, lamented the end of Smirnov's long tour as commander of the 2nd Army, recalling: “The departure of the commander of the 2nd Army, General Smirnov: On the same day I published a farewell order of the commander of the army, the worthy General Smirnov, who received a different appointment. I was very sorry to leave the command of this honest, noble general.”

Smirnov's command of the Western Front was short-lived. On 8 April 1917, he was reassigned to the Ministry of War, and on 22 April 1917 he became a member of the Ministry of War's Military Council.

Russian Civil War

[edit]

After the October Revolution, Smirnov moved from Petrograd to the Mineralnye Vody area. In September 1918, during the Russian Civil War, he was taken hostage by the Red Army and on 1 November 1918, together with generals Nikolai Ruzsky, Radko Dimitriev, and others, was shot at Pyatigorsk. According to other sources, he was shot by the Bolsheviks in Kiev in sometime between February and April 1919.

Awards

[edit]
Military offices
Preceded by
 Chief of Staff of the 5th Infantry Division
1884–1891 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
 Commander of the 131st Infantry Regiment
1891–1894 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
 Commander of the 18th Infantry Division
1901–1906 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander of the 2nd Siberian Army Corps
1906–1908 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander of the 20th Army Corps
1908–1914 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander of the 2nd Army
5 December 1914 – 8 April 1917 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander of the Western Front
11 March – 31 March 1917 		Succeeded by

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Смирнов Владимир Васильевич 1 — Офицеры русской императорской армии". www.ria1914.info. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  2. ^ Buttar, Prit (2017). Russia's Last Gasp: The Eastern Front 1916-17. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 93. ISBN 9781472824899.

Sources

[edit]
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