Spalax: Difference between revisions

Spalax
	Greater blind mole-rat (S. microphthalmus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Spalacidae
Subfamily:	Spalacinae
Genus:	Spalax; Güldenstädt, 1770
Type species
	Spalax microphthalmus; Güldenstädt, 1770
Species
	Spalax antiquus; Spalax arenarius; Spalax giganteus; Spalax graecus; Spalax istricus; Spalax microphthalmus; Spalax uralensis; Spalax zemni

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Spalax is a genus of rodent in the family Spalacidae, subfamily Spalacinae (blind mole-rats). It is one of two extant genera in the subfamily Spalacinae, alongside Nannospalax.^[2]

Species in this genus are found in eastern Europe and western & central Asia.^[3] They are completely blind and have a subterranean lifestyle.^[4]

Taxonomy

Prior to 2013, Spalax was widely considered the only member of Spalacinae, with all blind mole-rat species being grouped within it. However, phylogenetic and morphological evidence supported some of the species within it forming a distinct lineage that diverged from the others during the Late Miocene, when a marine barrier formed between Anatolia and the Balkans. These species were reclassified into the genus Nannospalax, making Spalax one of two extant spalacine genera.^[2]

Species of genus Spalax

Mehely's blind mole-rat, S. antiquus^[5]
Sandy blind mole-rat, S. arenarius
Giant blind mole-rat, S. giganteus
Bukovina blind mole-rat, S. graecus
Oltenia blind mole-rat, S. istricus (possibly extinct)^[5]
Greater blind mole-rat, S. microphthalmus
Kazakhstan blind mole-rat, S. uralensis
Podolsk blind mole-rat, S. zemni

References

^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ ^a ^b Hadid, Yarin; Németh, Attila; Snir, Sagi; Pavlíček, Tomáš; Csorba, Gábor; Kázmér, Miklós; Major, Ágnes; Mezhzherin, Sergey; Rusin, Mikhail; Coşkun, Yüksel; Nevo, Eviatar (2012-01-09). "Is Evolution of Blind Mole Rats Determined by Climate Oscillations?". PLOS ONE. 7 (1): e30043. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...730043H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030043. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3253805. PMID 22253871.
^ Database, Mammal Diversity (2022-02-01), Mammal Diversity Database, doi:10.5281/zenodo.5945626, retrieved 2022-03-08
^ Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste (1809). Philosophie zoologique ou exposition des considérations relatives à l'histoire naturelle des animaux. Dentu.
^ ^a ^b Németh, Attila; Homonnay, Zalán G.; Krízsik, Virág; Csorba, Máté; Pavlíček, Tomáš; Hegyeli, Zsolt; Hadid, Yarin; Sugár, Szilárd; Farkas, János; Csorba, Gábor (2013). "Old views and new insights: taxonomic revision of the Bukovina blind mole rat, Spalax graecus (Rodentia: Spalacinae)" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 169 (4): 903–914. doi:10.1111/zoj.12081. S2CID 82892241.

Jansa, S. A.; Weksler, M. (2004). "Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (1): 256–76. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002. PMID 15019624.
Michaux, J.; Reyes, A.; Catzeflis, F. (2001). "Evolutionary history of the most speciose mammals: molecular phylogeny of muroid rodents". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (11): 2017–2031. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003743. PMID 11606698.
Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton (2005). "Superfamily Muroidea." pp. 894–1531 in Wilson, D. E. and D. M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Norris, R. W.; Zhou, K. Y.; Zhou, C. Q.; Yang, G.; Kilpatrick, C. W.; Honeycutt, R. L. (2004). "The phylogenetic position of the zokors (Myospalacinae) and comments on the families of muroids (Rodentia)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (3): 972–978. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.020. PMID 15120394.
Nowak, R. M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World, II. London: Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8
Steppan, S. J.; Adkins, R. A.; Anderson, J. (2004). "Phylogeny and divergence date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes". Systematic Biology. 53 (4): 533–553. doi:10.1080/10635150490468701. PMID 15371245.
Topachevskii, V. A. (1976) Fauna of the USSR. Volume III: Mammals. Issue 3: Mole rats, Spalacidae. New Delhi: Amerind.
Manov, Irena; Hirsh, Mark; Iancu, Theodore C; Malik, Assaf; Sotnichenko, Nick; Band, Mark; Avivi, Aaron; Shams, Imad (2013). "Pronounced cancer resistance in a subterranean rodent, the blind mole-rat, Spalax: in vivo and in vitro evidence". BMC Biology. 11: 91. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-11-91. PMC 3750378. PMID 23937926.

[msw3-1] Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

[:12-2] Hadid, Yarin; Németh, Attila; Snir, Sagi; Pavlíček, Tomáš; Csorba, Gábor; Kázmér, Miklós; Major, Ágnes; Mezhzherin, Sergey; Rusin, Mikhail; Coşkun, Yüksel; Nevo, Eviatar (2012-01-09). "Is Evolution of Blind Mole Rats Determined by Climate Oscillations?". PLOS ONE. 7 (1): e30043. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...730043H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030043. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3253805. PMID 22253871.

[3] Database, Mammal Diversity (2022-02-01), Mammal Diversity Database, doi:10.5281/zenodo.5945626, retrieved 2022-03-08

[Lamarck2-4] Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste (1809). Philosophie zoologique ou exposition des considérations relatives à l'histoire naturelle des animaux. Dentu.

[ReferenceA-5] Németh, Attila; Homonnay, Zalán G.; Krízsik, Virág; Csorba, Máté; Pavlíček, Tomáš; Hegyeli, Zsolt; Hadid, Yarin; Sugár, Szilárd; Farkas, János; Csorba, Gábor (2013). "Old views and new insights: taxonomic revision of the Bukovina blind mole rat, Spalax graecus (Rodentia: Spalacinae)" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 169 (4): 903–914. doi:10.1111/zoj.12081. S2CID 82892241.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 | taxon = Spalax
 | authority = [[Johann Anton Güldenstädt|Güldenstädt]], 1770
+| type_species = ''[[Spalax microphthalmus]]''<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3|id=13000025}}</ref>
+| type_species_authority = [[Güldenstädt]], 1770
 | subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
 | subdivision = ''[[Spalax antiquus]]''<br />
@@ Line 17: / Line 19: @@
 }}
-'''''Spalax''''' is a genus of [[rodent]] in the family [[Spalacidae]]. It is one of two extant genera in the subfamily [[Blind mole-rat|Spalacinae]], alongside ''[[Nannospalax]]''.''<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Hadid |first=Yarin |last2=Németh |first2=Attila |last3=Snir |first3=Sagi |last4=Pavlíček |first4=Tomáš |last5=Csorba |first5=Gábor |last6=Kázmér |first6=Miklós |last7=Major |first7=Ágnes |last8=Mezhzherin |first8=Sergey |last9=Rusin |first9=Mikhail |last10=Coşkun |first10=Yüksel |last11=Nevo |first11=Eviatar |date=2012-01-09 |title=Is Evolution of Blind Mole Rats Determined by Climate Oscillations? |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0030043 |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=e30043 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0030043 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3253805 |pmid=22253871}}</ref>''
+'''''Spalax''''' is a [[genus]] of [[rodent]] in the family [[Spalacidae]], subfamily [[Spalacinae]] (blind mole-rats). It is one of two extant genera in the subfamily [[Blind mole-rat|Spalacinae]], alongside ''[[Nannospalax]]''.''<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last1=Hadid |first1=Yarin |last2=Németh |first2=Attila |last3=Snir |first3=Sagi |last4=Pavlíček |first4=Tomáš |last5=Csorba |first5=Gábor |last6=Kázmér |first6=Miklós |last7=Major |first7=Ágnes |last8=Mezhzherin |first8=Sergey |last9=Rusin |first9=Mikhail |last10=Coşkun |first10=Yüksel |last11=Nevo |first11=Eviatar |date=2012-01-09 |title=Is Evolution of Blind Mole Rats Determined by Climate Oscillations? |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=e30043 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0030043 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3253805 |pmid=22253871|bibcode=2012PLoSO...730043H |doi-access=free }}</ref>''
-Species in this genus are found in [[eastern Europe]] and [[Western Asia|western]] & [[central Asia]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Database |first=Mammal Diversity |title=Mammal Diversity Database |date=2022-02-01 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/5945626 |publisher=Zenodo |access-date=2022-03-08}}</ref> They are completely blind and have a subterranean lifestyle.<ref name="Lamarck2">{{cite book |author=Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_8NsTAAAAQAAJ |title=Philosophie zoologique ou exposition des considérations relatives à l'histoire naturelle des animaux |publisher=Dentu |year=1809}}</ref>
+Species in this genus are found in [[eastern Europe]] and [[Western Asia|western]] & [[central Asia]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Database |first=Mammal Diversity |title=Mammal Diversity Database |date=2022-02-01 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.5945626 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/5945626 |access-date=2022-03-08}}</ref> They are completely blind and have a subterranean lifestyle.<ref name="Lamarck2">{{cite book |author=Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_8NsTAAAAQAAJ |title=Philosophie zoologique ou exposition des considérations relatives à l'histoire naturelle des animaux |publisher=Dentu |year=1809}}</ref>
 == Taxonomy ==
-Prior to 2013, ''Spalax'' was widely considered the only member of Spalacinae, with all blind mole-rat species being grouped within it. However, phylogenetic and morphological evidence supported some of the species within it forming a distinct lineage that diverged from the others during the [[Late Miocene]], when a marine barrier formed between [[Anatolia]] and the [[Balkans]]. These species were reclassified into the genus ''[[Nannospalax]]'', making ''Spalax'' one of two extant spalacine genera.''<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Hadid |first=Yarin |last2=Németh |first2=Attila |last3=Snir |first3=Sagi |last4=Pavlíček |first4=Tomáš |last5=Csorba |first5=Gábor |last6=Kázmér |first6=Miklós |last7=Major |first7=Ágnes |last8=Mezhzherin |first8=Sergey |last9=Rusin |first9=Mikhail |last10=Coşkun |first10=Yüksel |last11=Nevo |first11=Eviatar |date=2012-01-09 |title=Is Evolution of Blind Mole Rats Determined by Climate Oscillations? |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0030043 |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=e30043 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0030043 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3253805 |pmid=22253871}}</ref>''
+Prior to 2013, ''Spalax'' was widely considered the only member of Spalacinae, with all blind mole-rat species being grouped within it. However, phylogenetic and morphological evidence supported some of the species within it forming a distinct lineage that diverged from the others during the [[Late Miocene]], when a marine barrier formed between [[Anatolia]] and the [[Balkans]]. These species were reclassified into the genus ''[[Nannospalax]]'', making ''Spalax'' one of two extant spalacine genera.''<ref name=":12"/>''
-==Species==
+==Species of genus ''Spalax'' ==
+*[[Mehely's blind mole-rat]]'', S. antiquus''<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|title=Old views and new insights: taxonomic revision of the Bukovina blind mole rat, Spalax graecus (Rodentia: Spalacinae)|date=2013|doi=10.1111/zoj.12081|url=http://real.mtak.hu/7751/7/NemethA%202013%20zoj_12081%20Copy.pdf|last1=Németh |first1=Attila |last2=Homonnay |first2=Zalán G. |last3=Krízsik |first3=Virág |last4=Csorba |first4=Máté |last5=Pavlíček |first5=Tomáš |last6=Hegyeli |first6=Zsolt |last7=Hadid |first7=Yarin |last8=Sugár |first8=Szilárd |last9=Farkas |first9=János |last10=Csorba |first10=Gábor |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=169 |issue=4 |pages=903–914 |s2cid=82892241 }}</ref>
-* Genus '''''Spalax'''''
+*[[Sandy blind mole-rat]], ''S. arenarius''
-**[[Mehely's blind mole-rat]]'', S. antiquus''<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite conference|title=Old views and new insights: taxonomic revision of the Bukovina blind mole rat, Spalax graecus (Rodentia: Spalacinae)|date=2013|doi=10.1111/zoj.12081|url=http://real.mtak.hu/7751/7/NemethA%202013%20zoj_12081%20Copy.pdf}}</ref>
-**[[Sandy blind mole-rat]], ''S. arenarius''
+*[[Giant blind mole-rat]], ''S. giganteus''
-**[[Giant blind mole-rat]], ''S. giganteus''
+*[[Bukovina blind mole-rat]], ''S. graecus''
-**[[Bukovina blind mole-rat]], ''S. graecus''
+*[[Oltenia blind mole-rat]], ''S. istricus'' (possibly [[Extinction|extinct]])<ref name="ReferenceA" />
-**[[Oltenia blind mole-rat]], ''S. istricus'' (possibly [[Extinction|extinct]])<ref name="ReferenceA" />
+*[[Greater blind mole-rat]], ''S. microphthalmus''
-**[[Greater blind mole-rat]], ''S. microphthalmus''
+*[[Kazakhstan blind mole-rat]], ''S. uralensis''
-**[[Kazakhstan blind mole-rat]], ''S. uralensis''
+*[[Podolsk blind mole-rat]], ''S. zemni''
-**[[Podolsk blind mole-rat]], ''S. zemni''
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
-^ Irena Manov, Mark Hirsh, Theodore C Iancu, Assaf Malik, Nick Sotnichenko, Mark Band, Aaron Avivi and Imad Shams† (2013) Pronounced cancer resistance in a subterranean rodent, the blind mole-rat, Spalax: in vivo and in vitro evidence. BMC Biology [https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7007-11-91]
 ==Further reading==
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 * {{cite journal | last1 = Steppan | first1 = S. J. | last2 = Adkins | first2 = R. A. | last3 = Anderson | first3 = J. | year = 2004 | title = Phylogeny and divergence date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes | journal = Systematic Biology | volume = 53 | issue = 4 | pages = 533–553 | doi = 10.1080/10635150490468701 | pmid = 15371245 }}
 * Topachevskii, V. A. (1976) ''Fauna of the USSR. Volume III: Mammals. Issue 3: Mole rats, Spalacidae''. New Delhi: Amerind.
+*{{cite journal | first1=Irena |last1=Manov |first2=Mark |last2=Hirsh |first3=Theodore C |last3=Iancu |first4=Assaf |last4=Malik |first5=Nick |last5=Sotnichenko |first6=Mark |last6=Band |first7=Aaron |last7=Avivi |first8=Imad |last8=Shams |year=2013 |title=Pronounced cancer resistance in a subterranean rodent, the blind mole-rat, Spalax: in vivo and in vitro evidence|journal=BMC Biology|volume=11 |page=91 |doi=10.1186/1741-7007-11-91 |pmid=23937926 |pmc=3750378 |doi-access=free }}
 {{Spalacidae nav}}
+{{Myomorpha|M.|state=collapsed}}
 {{Taxonbar|from=Q951670}}
-[[Category:Spalax| ]]
+[[Category:Spalax ]]
 [[Category:Rodent genera]]
 [[Category:Extant Miocene first appearances]]
+[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Anton Güldenstädt]]
-[[ar:خلد]]
 [[fr:Spalacinae]]
 [[pl:Ślepce]]
-[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Anton Güldenstädt]]