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| governing_body = Government of Kebbi State
| governing_body = Government of Kebbi State
| leader_party = [[All Progressive Congress (Nigeria)|APC]]
| leader_party = [[All Progressive Congress (Nigeria)|APC]]
| leader_title = [[List of Nigerian state governors|Governor]]''' <br> ([[List of Governors of Kebbi State|List]])
| leader_title = [[List of Nigerian state governors|Governor]]<br>'''([[List of Governors of Kebbi State|List]])'''
| leader_name = [[Nasir Idris]]
| leader_name = [[Nasir Idris]]
| leader_title1 = Deputy Governor
| leader_title1 = Deputy Governor
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| leader_name2 = [[Kebbi State House of Assembly]]
| leader_name2 = [[Kebbi State House of Assembly]]
| leader_title3 = [[Senate of Nigeria|Senators]]
| leader_title3 = [[Senate of Nigeria|Senators]]
| leader_name3 = {{Nowrap|C: [[Adamu Aliero]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])}}<br>{{Nowrap|N: [[Yahaya Abubakar Abdullahi|Yahaya Abdullahi]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])}}<br>{{Nowrap|S: [[Bala Ibn Na'Allah]] ([[All Progressives Congress|APC]])}}
| leader_name3 = {{Nowrap|C: [[Adamu Aliero]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])}}<br>{{Nowrap|N: [[Yahaya Abubakar Abdullahi|Yahaya Abdullahi]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])}}<br>{{Nowrap|S: [[Garba Musa Maidoki]] ([[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])}}
| leader_title4 = [[Nigerian House of Representatives|Representatives]]
| leader_title4 = [[Nigerian House of Representatives|Representatives]]
| leader_name4 = [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kebbi#9th Assembly (2019–2023)|List]]
| leader_name4 = [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kebbi#9th Assembly (2019–2023)|List]]
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| area_code =
| area_code =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:NG|NG-KE]]
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:NG|NG-KE]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2018)
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)
| blank_info_sec1 = 0.339<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|low}} · [[List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index|37th of 37]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 0.366<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|low}} · [[List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index|37th of 37]]
| website = [http://www.kebbistate.gov.ng kebbistate.gov.ng]
| website = [http://www.kebbistate.gov.ng kebbistate.gov.ng]
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Kebbi State''' ({{lang-ha|Jihar Kebbi}}; [[Fula language|Fulfulde]]: Leydi Kebbi 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤫𞤦𞥆𞤭) is a [[States of Nigeria|state]] in [[North West (Nigeria)|northwestern]] [[Nigeria]]. Kebbi State is bordered east and north of [[Sokoto State|Sokoto]] and [[Zamfara State|Zamfara]] states, and to the south by [[Niger State|Niger state]] while its western border forms part of the national borders with [[Benin–Nigeria border|Benin Republic]] for 103 km (64 miles) and [[Niger–Nigeria border|Niger]] for 207 km (129 miles).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-07 |title=Kebbi State |url=https://www.nipc.gov.ng/nigeria-states/kebbi-state/ |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |language=en-US}}</ref> Named for the city of [[Birnin Kebbi]]—the state's capital and largest city, Kebbi state was formed from [[Sokoto State|Sokoto state]] on 27 August 1991.<ref name="Creation">{{cite web |title=This is how the 36 states were created |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e |website=Pulse.ng |date=24 October 2017 |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref> Of the 36 [[states of Nigeria]], Kebbi is the [[List of Nigerian states by area|tenth largest in area]] and [[List of Nigerian states by population|18th most populous]], with an estimated population of about 4.4 million as of 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population 2006-2016 |url=https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/474 |website=[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]] |access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref> The state is known as land of equity.<ref name=":0" />
'''Kebbi State''' ({{langx|ha|Jihar Kebbi}}; [[Fula language|Fulfulde]]: Leydi Kebbi 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤫𞤦𞥆𞤭) is a [[States of Nigeria|state]] in [[North West (Nigeria)|northwestern]] [[Nigeria]]. Kebbi State is bordered east and north of [[Sokoto State|Sokoto]] and [[Zamfara State|Zamfara]] states, and to the south by [[Niger State|Niger state]] while its western border forms part of the national borders with [[Benin–Nigeria border|Benin Republic]] for 103 km (64 miles) and [[Niger–Nigeria border|Niger]] for 207 km (129 miles).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-07 |title=Kebbi State |url=https://www.nipc.gov.ng/nigeria-states/kebbi-state/ |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |language=en-US}}</ref> Named for the city of [[Birnin Kebbi]]—the state's capital and largest city, Kebbi state was formed from [[Sokoto State|Sokoto state]] on 27 August 1991.<ref name="Creation">{{cite web |title=This is how the 36 states were created |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e |website=Pulse.ng |date=24 October 2017 |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref> Of the 36 [[states of Nigeria]], Kebbi is the [[List of Nigerian states by area|tenth largest in area]] and [[List of Nigerian states by population|18th most populous]], with an estimated population of about 4.4 million as of 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population 2006-2016 |url=https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/474 |website=[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]] |access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref> The state is known as land of equity.<ref name=":0" />


Geographically, the state is within the [[Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|tropical]] [[West Sudanian savanna]] [[List of ecoregions in Nigeria|ecoregion]]. Important geographic features of Kebbi state include the [[Sokoto River]], which flows through Kebbi into the [[River Niger]], which continues south before reaching the [[Kainji Lake]], half of which is in Kebbi. Among the state's nature are a number of fish species exhibited during the massive [[Argungu Fishing Festival]], along with [[hippopotamus]], [[West African manatee]], and transient [[African bush elephant]] populations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ojo |first1=Demola |title=Family of Elephants Make Kebbi Their Home |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/05/26/family-of-elephants-make-kebbi-their-home/ |website=[[ThisDay]] |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>
Geographically, the state is within the [[Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|tropical]] [[West Sudanian savanna]] [[List of ecoregions in Nigeria|ecoregion]]. Important geographic features of Kebbi state include the [[Sokoto River]], which flows through Kebbi into the [[River Niger]], which continues south before reaching the [[Kainji Lake]], half of which is in Kebbi. Among the state's nature are a number of fish species exhibited during the massive [[Argungu Fishing Festival]], along with [[hippopotamus]], [[West African manatee]], and transient [[African bush elephant]] populations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ojo |first1=Demola |title=Family of Elephants Make Kebbi Their Home |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/05/26/family-of-elephants-make-kebbi-their-home/ |website=[[ThisDay]] |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>


Ethnically, Kebbi state is inhabited by various ethnic groups, with the [[Fula people|Fulani]], [[Hausa people|Hausa]], and [[Zarma people|Zarma]] peoples living throughout the state, while the Achipa (Achipawa), [[Boko language|Boko-Bala]], [[Dendi people|Dendi]], [[Dukawa language|Dukawa]], [[Kambari languages|Kambari]], [[Kamuku people|Kamuku]], [[Lela language|Lelna]], [[ut-Ma'in language|Puku]], and [[Shanga language|Shanga]] peoples live along the state's diverse western and southern borders. Religiously, the majority of the state's population (~84%) are [[Muslims]] while the remaining are followers of [[Christianity]] and traditional religions like [[Hausa animism|Bori]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okpanachi |first=Eyene |date=2011 |title=Between Conflict and Compromise: Lessons on Sharia and Pluralism from Nigeria Kaduna and Kebbi States |url=https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr/vol25/iss2/7 |journal=Emory International Review |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=900}}</ref>
Ethnically, Kebbi state is inhabited by various ethnic groups, with the [[Hausa people|Hausa]], [[Fula people|Fulani]], and [[Zarma people|Zarma]] peoples living throughout the state, while the Achipa (Achipawa), [[Boko language|Boko-Bala]], [[Dendi people|Dendi]], [[Dukawa language|Dukawa]], [[Kambari languages|Kambari]], [[Kamuku people|Kamuku]], [[Lela language|Lelna]], [[ut-Ma'in language|Puku]], and [[Shanga language|Shanga]] peoples live along the state's diverse western and southern borders. Religiously, the majority of the state's population (~84%) are [[Muslims]] while the remaining are followers of [[Christianity]] and traditional religions like [[Hausa animism|Bori]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okpanachi |first=Eyene |date=2011 |title=Between Conflict and Compromise: Lessons on Sharia and Pluralism from Nigeria Kaduna and Kebbi States |url=https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr/vol25/iss2/7 |journal=Emory International Review |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=900}}</ref>


In the pre-colonial period, the area that is now Kebbi state was mainly controlled by the [[Kebbi Kingdom]], a Hausa bakwai state, until the early 1800s, the [[Fulani jihad]] seized part of the area and attempted to incorporate it into the [[Gwandu Emirate]] under the [[Sokoto Caliphate]]. Over the succeeding century, Kebbi rulers fought Sokoto on-and-off until the 1900s and 1910s, when the British seized control of the area as a part of the [[Northern Nigeria Protectorate]], which later merged into [[British Nigeria]], before becoming independent as [[Nigeria]] in 1960.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3B-WGiysQGMC&pg=PA231 |page=231 |title=State/culture: state-formation after the cultural turn |author=[[George Steinmetz (academic)|George Steinmetz]] |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |year=1999 |isbn=0-8014-8533-9 |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref> Originally, modern-day Kebbi state was a part of the post-independence [[Northern Region, Nigeria|Northern Region]] until 1967, when the region was split and the area became part of the [[North-Western State|North-Western state]]. After the North-Eastern state was split, [[Sokoto State|Sokoto state]] was formed in 1976 alongside ten other states. Twenty years afterward, a group of LGAs in Sokoto state's west and south was broken off to form the new Kebbi state.{{cn|date=December 2022}}
In the pre-colonial period, the area that is now Kebbi state was mainly controlled by the [[Kebbi Kingdom]], a Hausa bakwai state, until the early 1800s, the [[Fulani jihad]] seized part of the area and attempted to incorporate it into the [[Gwandu Emirate]] under the [[Sokoto Caliphate]]. Over the succeeding century, Kebbi rulers fought Sokoto on-and-off until the 1900s and 1910s, when the British seized control of the area as a part of the [[Northern Nigeria Protectorate]], which later merged into [[British Nigeria]], before becoming independent as [[Nigeria]] in 1960.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3B-WGiysQGMC&pg=PA231 |page=231 |title=State/culture: state-formation after the cultural turn |author=[[George Steinmetz (academic)|George Steinmetz]] |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |year=1999 |isbn=0-8014-8533-9 |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref> Originally, modern-day Kebbi state was a part of the post-independence [[Northern Region, Nigeria|Northern Region]] until 1967, when the region was split and the area became part of the [[North-Western State|North-Western state]]. After the North-Eastern state was split, [[Sokoto State|Sokoto state]] was formed in 1976 alongside ten other states. Twenty years afterward, a group of LGAs in Sokoto state's west and south was broken off to form the new Kebbi state.{{cn|date=December 2022}}
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==History==
==History==
{{See also|Kebbi Emirate}}
{{See also|Kebbi Emirate}}
Kebbi state is traditionally considered by [[Hausa Kingdoms#Mythology|Sarki mythology]] as the homeland of the ƴan uwa bakwai states and [[Hausa states|Hausa kingdoms]]. According to research based on local oral traditions, king lists on the Kebbi Chronicle, the state of Kebbi was founded towards 600 BCE by refugees of the Assyrian empire, & later conqured by Babylonian & Median forces in 613 BCE. A major local event was the conquest by [[Songhai people|Songhai]] in the second half of the fifteenth century CE.<ref>D. Lange, [http://dierklange.com/pdf/Kebbi-Assyrien_Anthropos%202009_359-382.pdf "Successor state"], Anthropos, 104, 2 (2009), 366-380.</ref>
Kebbi state is traditionally considered by [[Hausa Kingdoms#Mythology|Sarki mythology]] as the homeland of the ƴan uwa bakwai states and [[Hausa states|Hausa kingdoms]].


Kebbi resisted the [[Fulani jihad]] of the early 19th-century, but in the later 19th-century, the area largely converted to [[Islam]] through peaceful means.<ref>[copied Holden, J. J. "THE ZABARIMA CONQUEST OF NORTH-WEST GHANA PART I." Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana 8 (1965): 60-86. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41403569.]</ref>
Kebbi resisted the [[Fulani jihad]] of the early 19th-century, but in the later 19th-century, the area largely converted to [[Islam]] through peaceful means.<ref>[copied Holden, J. J. "THE ZABARIMA CONQUEST OF NORTH-WEST GHANA PART I." Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana 8 (1965): 60-86. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41403569.]</ref>
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The state has Sudan and [[Sahel]]-[[savannah]]. The southern part is generally rocky with the [[Niger River]] traversing the state from Benin to [[Ngaski]] LGA. The northern part of the state is sandy with the [[Rima River]] passing through Argungu to Bagudo LGA, where it empties into the Niger. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people, especially in the rural areas. Crops produced are mainly grains. Animal rearing and fishing are also common. [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]] are the dominant religions of the people. There are 225 political wards, 3,000 settlements and 1,036 hard to reach settlements in the 21 local government areas in the state.{{cn|date=December 2022}}
The state has Sudan and [[Sahel]]-[[savannah]]. The southern part is generally rocky with the [[Niger River]] traversing the state from Benin to [[Ngaski]] LGA. The northern part of the state is sandy with the [[Rima River]] passing through Argungu to Bagudo LGA, where it empties into the Niger. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people, especially in the rural areas. Crops produced are mainly grains. Animal rearing and fishing are also common. [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]] are the dominant religions of the people. There are 225 political wards, 3,000 settlements and 1,036 hard to reach settlements in the 21 local government areas in the state.{{cn|date=December 2022}}
=== Climate ===
=== Climate ===
Like other [[Nigerians|Nigerian]] states, Kebbi state is also characterised with the tropical weather conditions of coldness, wetness and [[harmattan]]. The annual rainfall of Kebbi state has the average of 787.53 and 112.21mm, since rainfall is a climatic [[resource]] in the state, which aids [[Agriculture|agricultural production]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ismail & Oke |first=A. & I. A. |date=2012 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation in Kebbi Nigeria |journal=Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science |volume=2 |issue=7 |pages=286–297}}</ref> The rainy season in the state is between mid-May and mid-September, while the dry season constitutes a period of seven months. The temperature of Kebbi state has an annual variation between 65<sup>0</sup>F and 104<sup>0</sup>F. The [[cloud]] of Kebbi state is clearer around November to March of the succeeding month, while he state is usually cloudy between March and November at 68% annually. There is a relatively high [[humidity]] between seven months, April and November of every year, with November to July being the windiest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=weathersparks.com |url=https://weathersparks.com/y/50099/Average-weather-in-Birnin-Kebbi-Nigeria-Year-Round}}</ref>
Like other [[Nigerians|Nigerian]] states, Kebbi state is also characterised with the tropical weather conditions of coldness, wetness and [[harmattan]]. The annual rainfall of Kebbi state has the average of 787.53 and 112.21mm, since rainfall is a climatic [[resource]] in the state, which aids [[Agriculture|agricultural production]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ismail & Oke |first=A. & I. A. |date=2012 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation in Kebbi Nigeria |journal=Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science |volume=2 |issue=7 |pages=286–297}}</ref> The rainy season in the state is between mid-May and mid-September, while the dry season constitutes a period of seven months. The temperature of Kebbi state has an annual variation between 65<sup>0</sup>F and 104<sup>0</sup>F. The [[cloud]] of Kebbi state is clearer around November to March of the succeeding month, while the state is usually cloudy between March and November at 68% annually. There is a relatively high [[humidity]] between seven months, April and November of every year, with November to July being the windiest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=weathersparks.com |url=https://weathersparks.com/y/50099/Average-weather-in-Birnin-Kebbi-Nigeria-Year-Round}}</ref>


==Local Government Areas==
==Local Government Areas==
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==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{unsourced section|date=March 2022}}
{{unsourced section|date=March 2022}}
Kebbi state is mainly populated by the [[Hausa people|Hausa/]] [[Fulani]], with some members of Zarma, [[Dakarkari people|Lelna (Dakarkari)]], [[Bissa people|Bussawa]] (generally speakers of [[Busa language (Mande)|Busa]]), [[Duka language|Dukawa]], [[Kambari]], [[Reshe language|Gungawa]] and [[Kamuku people|Kamuku]] ethnic communities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=segunoguns |date=2023-06-14 |title=Kebbi |url=https://stateguides.com.ng/kebbi/ |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=youthplus NYSC StateGuides |language=en-US}}</ref>
Kebbi state is mainly populated by Hausa and Fulani people. with some members of [[Zarma people|Zarma]], [[Dakarkari people|Lelna (Dakarkari)]], [[Bissa people|Bussawa]] (generally speakers of [[Busa language (Mande)|Busa]]), [[Duka language|Dukawa]], [[Kambari]], [[Reshe language|Gungawa]] and [[Kamuku people|Kamuku]] ethnic communities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=segunoguns |date=2023-06-14 |title=Kebbi |url=https://stateguides.com.ng/kebbi/ |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=youthplus NYSC StateGuides |language=en-US}}</ref>


Most people who live in Kebbi are [[Islam in Nigeria|Muslims]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argungu {{!}} Fishing Festival, Kebbi State, Etsu Nupe {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Argungu |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
Most people who live in Kebbi are [[Islam in Nigeria|Muslims]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argungu {{!}} Fishing Festival, Kebbi State, Etsu Nupe {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Argungu |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
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== Agriculture ==
== Agriculture ==
{{unsourced section|date=March 2022}}
{{unsourced section|date=March 2022}}
[[File:Aliero Town.jpg|thumb|Aliero Onion Market, Kebbi State]]
Kebbi state is one of the major producers of [[rice]] in Nigeria. The current participation of more than 70,000 farmers in the Anchor Borrowers Rice and wheat farming, is heading towards making Kebbi state a new destination and hub for agro-based commodities of the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gov. Bagudu's 5 years in office transformed Kebbi to industrial State |url=https://ngf.org.ng/index.php/99-news-from-the-states/1655-gov-bagudu-s-5-years-in-office-transformed-kebbi-to-industrial-state |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=ngf.org.ng}}</ref>
Kebbi state is one of the major producers of [[rice]] in Nigeria. The current participation of more than 70,000 farmers in the Anchor Borrowers Rice and wheat farming, is heading towards making Kebbi state a new destination and hub for agro-based commodities of the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gov. Bagudu's 5 years in office transformed Kebbi to industrial State |url=https://ngf.org.ng/index.php/99-news-from-the-states/1655-gov-bagudu-s-5-years-in-office-transformed-kebbi-to-industrial-state |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=ngf.org.ng}}</ref>


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===Bandit attacks===
===Bandit attacks===
Kebbi state is badly affected by the [[Nigerian bandit conflict]]. Banditory attacks in the state include the [[2021 Kebbi massacre]] on 3 June 2021, the [[Kebbi kidnapping]] on 24 June 2021, the [[Dankade massacre]] on 14-15 January 2022 and the [[March 2022 Kebbi massacres|2022 Kebbi massacres]] on 8 March of the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Odili |first=Esther |date=2022-12-31 |title=Lynching of Deborah Samuel, Owo church attack and other tragic events of 2022 |url=https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1510865-year-review-tragic-accidents-events-2022/ |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en}}</ref>
Kebbi state is badly affected by the [[Nigerian bandit conflict]]. Banditry attacks in the state include the [[2021 Kebbi massacre]] on 3 June 2021, the [[Kebbi kidnapping]] on 24 June 2021, the [[Dankade massacre]] on 14-15 January 2022 and the [[March 2022 Kebbi massacres|2022 Kebbi massacres]] on 8 March of the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Odili |first=Esther |date=2022-12-31 |title=Year in Review: Most Tragic Accidents and Events of 2022 |url=https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1510865-year-review-tragic-accidents-events-2022/ |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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* [http://www.zuruonline.com/p/traditions-of-zuru.html Uhola Festival]
* [http://www.zuruonline.com/p/traditions-of-zuru.html Uhola Festival]


{{Kebbi State}}
{{KebbiStateGovernors}}
{{KebbiStateGovernors}}
{{Nigeria states}}
{{Nigeria states}}

Latest revision as of 15:49, 26 November 2024

"Kebbi" redirects here. For other uses, see Kebbi (disambiguation).

Kebbi
State
Image showing the yearly Argungu Fishing Festival held in Argungu
Image showing the yearly Argungu Fishing Festival held in Argungu
Seal of Kebbi State
Seal
Nicknames: 
Land of Equity
Location of Kebbi State in Nigeria
Location of Kebbi State in Nigeria
Coordinates: 11°30′N 4°00′E / 11.500°N 4.000°E / 11.500; 4.000
Country Nigeria
Date created27 August 1991
CapitalBirnin Kebbi
Government
 • BodyGovernment of Kebbi State
 • Governor
(List)		Nasir Idris (APC)
 • Deputy GovernorAbubakar Umar Argungu (APC)
 • LegislatureKebbi State House of Assembly
 • SenatorsC: Adamu Aliero (PDP)
N: Yahaya Abdullahi (PDP)
S: Garba Musa Maidoki (PDP)
 • RepresentativesList
Area
 • Total
36,800 km2 (14,200 sq mi)
 • Rank10th of 36
Population
 (2006 census)
 • Total
3,256,541[1]
 • Estimate 
(2022)
5,563,900[2]
 • Rank22nd of 36
DemonymKebbian
GDP (PPP)
 • Year2023
 • Total$16.6 billion[3]
 • Per capita$2,900[3]
Time zoneUTC+01 (WAT)
postal code
860001
ISO 3166 codeNG-KE
HDI (2022)0.366[4]
low · 37th of 37
Websitekebbistate.gov.ng

Kebbi State (Hausa: Jihar Kebbi; Fulfulde: Leydi Kebbi 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤫𞤦𞥆𞤭) is a state in northwestern Nigeria. Kebbi State is bordered east and north of Sokoto and Zamfara states, and to the south by Niger state while its western border forms part of the national borders with Benin Republic for 103 km (64 miles) and Niger for 207 km (129 miles).[5] Named for the city of Birnin Kebbi—the state's capital and largest city, Kebbi state was formed from Sokoto state on 27 August 1991.[6] Of the 36 states of Nigeria, Kebbi is the tenth largest in area and 18th most populous, with an estimated population of about 4.4 million as of 2016.[7] The state is known as land of equity.[5]

Geographically, the state is within the tropical West Sudanian savanna ecoregion. Important geographic features of Kebbi state include the Sokoto River, which flows through Kebbi into the River Niger, which continues south before reaching the Kainji Lake, half of which is in Kebbi. Among the state's nature are a number of fish species exhibited during the massive Argungu Fishing Festival, along with hippopotamus, West African manatee, and transient African bush elephant populations.[8]

Ethnically, Kebbi state is inhabited by various ethnic groups, with the Hausa, Fulani, and Zarma peoples living throughout the state, while the Achipa (Achipawa), Boko-Bala, Dendi, Dukawa, Kambari, Kamuku, Lelna, Puku, and Shanga peoples live along the state's diverse western and southern borders. Religiously, the majority of the state's population (~84%) are Muslims while the remaining are followers of Christianity and traditional religions like Bori.[9]

In the pre-colonial period, the area that is now Kebbi state was mainly controlled by the Kebbi Kingdom, a Hausa bakwai state, until the early 1800s, the Fulani jihad seized part of the area and attempted to incorporate it into the Gwandu Emirate under the Sokoto Caliphate. Over the succeeding century, Kebbi rulers fought Sokoto on-and-off until the 1900s and 1910s, when the British seized control of the area as a part of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate, which later merged into British Nigeria, before becoming independent as Nigeria in 1960.[10] Originally, modern-day Kebbi state was a part of the post-independence Northern Region until 1967, when the region was split and the area became part of the North-Western state. After the North-Eastern state was split, Sokoto state was formed in 1976 alongside ten other states. Twenty years afterward, a group of LGAs in Sokoto state's west and south was broken off to form the new Kebbi state.[citation needed]

Economically, Kebbi state is largely based around fishing and agriculture, mainly of sorghum, groundnuts, millet, onion, and rice crops.[11] Other key industries are trading, especially in the city of Birnin Kebbi, and the livestock herding of camels, cattle, goats, and sheep. Kebbi state has the lowest Human Development Index and sixth lowest GDP in the country.[12]

History

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See also: Kebbi Emirate

Kebbi state is traditionally considered by Sarki mythology as the homeland of the ƴan uwa bakwai states and Hausa kingdoms.

Kebbi resisted the Fulani jihad of the early 19th-century, but in the later 19th-century, the area largely converted to Islam through peaceful means.[13]

History of Zuru

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Zuru emirate is divided into five administrative chiefdom: Dabai, Danko, Fakai, Sakaba, and Wasagu. The third class chief, who is also member of the Zuru town in Dabai chiefdom, where the emirate headquarters is located, heads each of the towns. Zuru Emirate is located in the southern part of Kebbi state Nigeria, occupying an area of about 9000sq km. It is bordered by Gummi in Zamfara state in the North. To the south is Niger state, this borderline extends also arbitrarily on land to the west, to a point where it ends a few kilometers to the west of large tributary of the Dan Zari River, a northwest ward protrusion of Yauri Emirate of Kebbi.[citation needed]

In fact, going by history, Zuru people being multi-ethnic are grouped into categories. The first category is of those that claim long term settlement and the second category is of the much more recent settlers, who in fact regard themselves – and are also regarded by the others as recent immigrants or even as temporary strangers. In the first category are the Achifawa, Kambari, Dukkawa Fakkawa,'Dankawa, Worawa, Katsinawa and Lelna (Dakarkari' such as sindawa').[citation needed]

It is characteristic to find that some of them lay claim to have originated from the Hausas. Zuru as was said, is a result of upheaval, resulting from events such as Kanta's breakaway from Songhai and Nupe-Kororofa control. Moreover, the Katsinawa, who in fact see themselves as immigrants from the old state of Katsina, which had made political in road Zuru region, especially from the 16th century A.D. onward, and had enabled them to settle and to area's indigenous population.[14]

Geography

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Kebbi state was created out of the former Sokoto state on 17 August 1991. The state has a total population of 3,137,989 people as projected from the 1991 census, within 21 local government areas.[citation needed]

The state has Sudan and Sahel-savannah. The southern part is generally rocky with the Niger River traversing the state from Benin to Ngaski LGA. The northern part of the state is sandy with the Rima River passing through Argungu to Bagudo LGA, where it empties into the Niger. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people, especially in the rural areas. Crops produced are mainly grains. Animal rearing and fishing are also common. Christianity and Islam are the dominant religions of the people. There are 225 political wards, 3,000 settlements and 1,036 hard to reach settlements in the 21 local government areas in the state.[citation needed]

Climate

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Like other Nigerian states, Kebbi state is also characterised with the tropical weather conditions of coldness, wetness and harmattan. The annual rainfall of Kebbi state has the average of 787.53 and 112.21mm, since rainfall is a climatic resource in the state, which aids agricultural production.[15] The rainy season in the state is between mid-May and mid-September, while the dry season constitutes a period of seven months. The temperature of Kebbi state has an annual variation between 650F and 1040F. The cloud of Kebbi state is clearer around November to March of the succeeding month, while the state is usually cloudy between March and November at 68% annually. There is a relatively high humidity between seven months, April and November of every year, with November to July being the windiest.[16]

Local Government Areas

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See also: List of villages in Kebbi State

Kebbi state consists of 21 Local Government Areas (LGAs), four emirate councils (Gwandu, Argungu, Yauri and Zuru), and 35 districts. The LGAs are as follows:[citation needed]

Demographics

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Kebbi state is mainly populated by Hausa and Fulani people. with some members of Zarma, Lelna (Dakarkari), Bussawa (generally speakers of Busa), Dukawa, Kambari, Gungawa and Kamuku ethnic communities.[17]

Most people who live in Kebbi are Muslims.[18]

Languages

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The Hausa language is dominant throughout the State. Below is a list of some languages of Kebbi state listed by LGA:[19]

LGA Languages
Argungu Dendi; Zarma
Bagudo Bisã; Boko; Dendi; Kyenga
Birnin Kebbi Zarma
Bunza Zarma
Donko-Wasagu C'Lela
Dukku us-Saare
Jega Gibanawa
Ngaski Cishingini; Lopa; Tsikimba; Tsishingini; Tsucuba; Tsuvadi
Sakaba Cicipu; C'Lela; Damakawa; ut-Ma'in
Shanga Shanga
Wasagu-Danko us-Saare; Gwamhi-Wuri
Yauri Reshe; us-Saare
Zuru C'Lela; ut-Ma'in

Other languages spoken in Kebbi state include Fulfulde, Ut-Hun, and Sorko.[19]

Government

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See also: List of governors of Kebbi State

Like the majority of Nigerian states, Kebbi state is governed by a governor and a State House of Assembly, under the current administration of Nasir Idris.[20]

Agriculture

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Aliero Onion Market, Kebbi State

Kebbi state is one of the major producers of rice in Nigeria. The current participation of more than 70,000 farmers in the Anchor Borrowers Rice and wheat farming, is heading towards making Kebbi state a new destination and hub for agro-based commodities of the country.[21]

To reiterate his commitment to ensure that Kebbi state is not only dependent on federal government allocation, the active governor of the state, Abubakar Atiku Bagudu paid a visit to Benin Republic last year and while on the trip, signed a number of bilateral trade protocols with the government and business community of Benin Republic with a view to fostering trade, industrial and tourism relationships with the country.[citation needed]

Abubakar Atiku Bagudu is also the Chairman, National Task Force on Rice and Wheat Production in Nigeria.[22]

Tertiary learning institutions

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The tertiary institutions of learning in Kebbi state, both federal government owned, state owned and private institutions are listed this:

Transport

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Federal Highways

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A1 north from Niger State at Makirin via Yelwa, Koko, Sokoto State for 19 km from Tungan Ilo via Kuchi in Kebbe LGA to Maishaika, Jega, Sokoto State again for nine km from Illela via Tambawel in Kebbe LGA to Ungan-Bawa, and northeast to Sokoto State at Barkeji.

One road to the Republic of Niger

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Southwest from Bunza at Kamba to RN8.

Other major roads

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  • the Birnin-Kebbi-Anmawa Rd northwest from A1 at Jega to Kalgo,
  • the Birnin-Kebbu-Anmawa Rd north from Kalgo via Birnin Kebbi and Zauro to Argungu as the Birnin Kebbi-Argungu Rd,
  • the Dagawa-Argungu Rd east to Sokoto State near Fakwon Sarki as the Arugungu-Iyabo-Sokoto Rd,
  • the Maidahin-Daringari-Kalgo Junction Rd south from Kalgo to Bunza,
  • the Dakingari-Bunza Rd south from Bunza via Dakingari and Zagga,
  • the Bin Yauri-Rijau Rd east from A1 at Bin Yauri via Birnin Yauri and Gwanda to Niger State at Kambuwa as the Maburo Rijau Rd,
  • the Fakai-Iri-Rijau Rd north from Niger State via Bajida,
  • the Zuru-Mahuta Rd east from Fakai to Dabai, where one branch goes north via Donko to Zamfara State, and another branch goes south to Niger State as the Rijau-Zuru Rd.

Airports

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Natural resources

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Kebbi state has many natural resources which boost the economy of the state and enhances the availability of raw materials for industrial purposes, these include:[28]

Major incidents

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Bandit attacks

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Kebbi state is badly affected by the Nigerian bandit conflict. Banditry attacks in the state include the 2021 Kebbi massacre on 3 June 2021, the Kebbi kidnapping on 24 June 2021, the Dankade massacre on 14-15 January 2022 and the 2022 Kebbi massacres on 8 March of the same year.[30]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "2006 PHC Priority Tables – NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION". population.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  2. ^ "Kebbi State: Subdivision". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  3. ^ a b "TelluBase—Nigeria Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  4. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
  5. ^ a b "Kebbi State". Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission. 7 January 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  6. ^ "This is how the 36 states were created". Pulse.ng. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  7. ^ "Population 2006-2016". National Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  8. ^ Ojo, Demola. "Family of Elephants Make Kebbi Their Home". ThisDay. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  9. ^ Okpanachi, Eyene (2011). "Between Conflict and Compromise: Lessons on Sharia and Pluralism from Nigeria Kaduna and Kebbi States". Emory International Review. 25 (2): 900.
  10. ^ George Steinmetz (1999). State/culture: state-formation after the cultural turn. Cornell University Press. p. 231. ISBN 0-8014-8533-9. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  11. ^ "U.S. Ambassador Joins Kebbi Governor to Launch New Partnership with WACOT Rice to Improve Food Security". USAID. 20 May 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  12. ^ "Human Development Indices". Global Data Lab. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  13. ^ [copied Holden, J. J. "THE ZABARIMA CONQUEST OF NORTH-WEST GHANA PART I." Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana 8 (1965): 60-86. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41403569.]
  14. ^ "HISTORY OF ZURU". ZURUONLINE.COM. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  15. ^ Ismail & Oke, A. & I. A. (2012). "Trend analysis of precipitation in Kebbi Nigeria". Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science. 2 (7): 286–297.
  16. ^ "weathersparks.com".
  17. ^ segunoguns (14 June 2023). "Kebbi". youthplus NYSC StateGuides. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  18. ^ "Argungu | Fishing Festival, Kebbi State, Etsu Nupe | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  19. ^ a b "Nigeria". Ethnologue (22 ed.). Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  20. ^ "Premium Times".
  21. ^ "Gov. Bagudu's 5 years in office transformed Kebbi to industrial State". ngf.org.ng. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  22. ^ "FG sets up national task force on production of rice, wheat". BusinessDay NG, TV, and Podcast. 7 June 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  23. ^ Academy, Samphina (21 July 2019). "Courses Offered in FUBK - Federal University, Birnin Kebbi". Samphina Academy. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  24. ^ Academy, Samphina (18 March 2019). "Complete List of Courses Offered in Kebbi State University of Science and Technology (KSUSTA)". Samphina Academy. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  25. ^ https://kespodak.edu.ng/. Retrieved 29 June 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  26. ^ "Educational Institution in Kebbi | Nigeria Directory, A List of Nigerian Businesses, Organisations, Firms and Companies | Nigeria Yellow Pages". www.directory.org.ng. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  27. ^ https://www.kebbisnm.edu.ng/. Retrieved 29 June 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ^ Diala, Sam; THEWILL (26 September 2021). "State Of The States: Kebbi". thewillnigeria.com. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  29. ^ "One Boat Mishap Too Many - THISDAYLIVE". www.thisdaylive.com. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  30. ^ Odili, Esther (31 December 2022). "Year in Review: Most Tragic Accidents and Events of 2022". Legit.ng - Nigeria news. Retrieved 17 August 2024.

Bibliography

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