Gerhard Koall: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|German fighter ace (1912–1945)}} |
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{{Infobox military person |
{{Infobox military person |
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|name=Gerhard |
|name=Gerhard Koall |
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|birth_date=7 June 1912 |
|birth_date=7 June 1912 |
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|death_date={{death date and age|1945|4|27|1912|6|7|df=y}} |
|death_date={{death date and age|1945|4|27|1912|6|7|df=y}} |
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|birth_place= [[Königsberg]], [[East Prussia]] |
|birth_place= [[Königsberg]], [[East Prussia]] |
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|death_place= [[Anklam]] |
|death_place= [[Anklam]] |
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|death_cause=[[Killed in action]] |
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|nickname="Knall" |
|nickname="Knall" |
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|allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}} |
|allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}} |
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|branch= |
|branch={{air force|Nazi Germany}} |
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|serviceyears=?-1945 |
|serviceyears=?-1945 |
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|rank=[[Hauptmann]] |
|rank=''[[Hauptmann]]'' (captain) |
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|unit=[[Jagdgeschwader 54|JG 54]]<br>[[Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader|EJG 1]]<br>[[Jagdgeschwader 101|JG 101]]<br>[[Jagdgeschwader 3|JG 3]] |
|unit=[[Jagdgeschwader 54|JG 54]]<br/>[[Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader|EJG 1]]<br/>[[Jagdgeschwader 101|JG 101]]<br/>[[Jagdgeschwader 3|JG 3]] |
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|commands= |
|commands= |
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|battles=[[World War II]] |
|battles=[[World War II]] |
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|laterwork=}} |
|laterwork=}} |
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'''Gerhard "Knall" Koall''' (7 June 1912 – 27 April 1945) was a |
'''Gerhard "Knall" Koall''' (7 June 1912 – 27 April 1945) was a [[Luftwaffe]] [[fighter ace|ace]] and recipient of the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] during [[World War II]]. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Gerhard Koall was killed on 27 April 1945 after being hit by Soviet anti-aircraft fire near [[Anklam]]. During his career he was credited with 37 victories, 35 on the Eastern Front and 2 during the Invasion of Yugoslavia. |
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== |
==Career== |
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Koall was born on 7 June 1912 in [[Königsberg]] in the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] of the [[German Empire]]. Today it is [[Kaliningrad]] in [[Kaliningrad Oblast]], the [[Russia]]n [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]] between [[Poland]] and [[Lithuania]] on the [[Baltic Sea]].{{sfn|Obermaier|1989|p=147}} |
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* [[Aviator badge]] |
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* [[Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe]] in Gold |
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On 23 February 1942, Koall was appointed ''[[Staffelkapitän]]'' (squadron leader) of 3. ''Staffel'' of [[Jagdgeschwader 54|''Jagdgeschwader'' 54]] (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing). He replaced ''Hauptmann'' Hans Schmoller-Haldy who had been wounded in combat that day. The ''Staffel'' was subordinated to I. ''Gruppe'' of JG 54 which was headed by ''Hauptmann'' [[Hans Philipp]].{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=195}} |
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* [[Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe]] (1 March 1943) |
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* [[Iron Cross]] (1939) |
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In mid-April 1943, a newly formed ''Jabostaffel'' ([[fighter bomber]] squadron) was formed and labeled 13.(''Jabo'') ''Staffel'' of JG 54 and placed under the command of Koall.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=289, 315}} |
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** 2nd Class |
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** 1st Class |
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In late-February 1944, Koall succeeded ''Hauptmann'' [[Siegfried Schnell]] as ''[[Gruppenkommandeur]]'' (group commander) of IV. ''Gruppe'' of JG 54 after Schnell had been [[killed in action]] on 25 February.{{sfn|Weal|2001|p=118}} |
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* [[German Cross]] in Gold (17 October 1943) |
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* [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] on 10 October 1944 as ''[[Hauptmann]]'' and ''[[Gruppenkommandeur]]'' of the IV. / Jagdgeschwader 54 <ref>Fellgiebel 2000, p. 216.</ref> |
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On 25 April during the [[Battle of the Oder–Neisse]], Koall was appointed ''Gruppenkommandeur'' of IV. ''Sturmgruppe'' of [[Jagdgeschwader 3|''Jagdgeschwader'' 3]] "Udet" (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing). He replaced ''Oberleutnant'' [[Oskar Romm]] who had been severely injured the day before. The next day, the ''Sturmgruppe'' retreated from [[Prenzlau]] to an airfield at [[Greifswald]]. On 27 April, Koall was [[killed in action]] when his Fw 190 was shot down by Soviet [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft artillery]] near [[Anklam]]. Command of the ''Sturmgruppe'' was then given to ''Hauptmann'' [[Günther Schack]] on 1 May.{{sfn|Prien|1996|pp=321–322, 324}} |
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==Summary of career== |
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===Aerial victory claims=== |
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Mathews and Foreman, authors of ''Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims'', researched the [[German Federal Archives]] and found documentation for 37 aerial victory claims. This number includes 35 claims on the Eastern Front and two over the Western Allies in Yugoslavia.{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|pp=655–656}} |
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===Awards=== |
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* [[Iron Cross]] (1939) 2nd and 1st Class{{sfn|Dixon|2023|p=155}} |
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* [[Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe]] on 1 March 1943 as ''[[Hauptmann]]'' and ''[[Staffelkapitän]]''{{sfn|Patzwall|2008|p=120}} |
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* [[German Cross]] in Gold o 17 October 1943 as ''Hauptmann'' in II./''Jagdgeschwader'' 54{{sfn|Patzwall|Scherzer|2001|p=239}} |
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* [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] on 10 October 1944 as ''Hauptmann'' and ''[[Gruppenkommandeur]]'' of the IV./''Jagdgeschwader'' 54{{sfn|Fellgiebel|2000|p=263}}{{sfn|Scherzer|2007|p=455}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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===Bibliography=== |
===Bibliography=== |
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{{Refbegin}} |
{{Refbegin|30em}} |
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* {{Cite book |
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|last=Dixon |
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|first=Jeremy |
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|year=2023 |
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|title=Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945 |
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|location=Barnsley |
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|publisher=[[Pen and Sword Books]] |
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|isbn=978-1-39903-073-1 |
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}} |
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* {{Cite book |
* {{Cite book |
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|last=Fellgiebel |
|last=Fellgiebel |
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|first=Walther-Peer |
|first=Walther-Peer |
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| |
|author-link=:de:Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |
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|year=2000 |
|year=2000 |
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|origyear=1986 |
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|title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 – Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |
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|title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |
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|trans_title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |
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|trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |
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|language=German |
|language=German |
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|location=Friedberg, Germany |
|location=Friedberg, Germany |
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|publisher=Podzun-Pallas |
|publisher=Podzun-Pallas |
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|isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 |
|isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 |
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}} |
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* {{Cite book |
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|last1=Mathews |
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|first1=Andrew Johannes |
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|last2=Foreman |
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|first2=John |
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|year=2015 |
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|title=Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 2 G–L |
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|location=Walton on Thames |
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|publisher=Red Kite |
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|isbn=978-1-906592-19-6 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{Cite book |
* {{Cite book |
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|year=1989 |
|year=1989 |
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|title=Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 |
|title=Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 |
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| |
|trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945 |
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|language=German |
|language=German |
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|location=Mainz, Germany |
|location=Mainz, Germany |
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|year=2001 |
|year=2001 |
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|title=Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II |
|title=Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II |
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| |
|trans-title=The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 |
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|language=German |
|language=German |
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|location=Norderstedt, Germany |
|location=Norderstedt, Germany |
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|publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |
|publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |
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|isbn=978-3-931533-45-8 |
|isbn=978-3-931533-45-8 |
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}} |
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* {{Cite book |
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|last=Patzwall |
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|first=Klaus D. |
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|year=2008 |
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|title=Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg |
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|trans-title=The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War |
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|language=de |
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|location=Norderstedt, Germany |
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|publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |
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|isbn=978-3-931533-08-3 |
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}} |
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* {{Cite book |
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|last=Prien |
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|first=Jochen |
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|year=1996 |
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|title=IV./Jagdgeschwader 3—Chronik einer Jagdgruppe—1943 – 1945 |
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|trans-title=IV./Jagdgeschwader 3—Chronic of a Fighter Group—1943 – 1945 |
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|language=de |
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|location=Eutin, Germany |
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|publisher=Struve-Druck |
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|isbn=978-3-923457-36-6 |
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}} |
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* {{Cite book |
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|last1=Prien |
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|first1=Jochen |
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|last2=Stemmer |
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|first2=Gerhard |
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|last3=Rodeike |
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|first3=Peter |
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|last4=Bock |
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|first4=Winfried |
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|year=2005 |
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|title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 |
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|trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942 |
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|language=de |
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|location=Eutin, Germany |
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|publisher=Struve-Druck |
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|isbn=978-3-923457-76-2 |
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}} |
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* {{Cite book |
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|last1=Prien |
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|first1=Jochen |
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|last2=Stemmer |
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|first2=Gerhard |
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|last3=Rodeike |
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|first3=Peter |
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|last4=Bock |
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|first4=Winfried |
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|year=2012 |
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|title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/III—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 |
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|trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/III—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943 |
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|language=de |
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|location=Eutin, Germany |
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|publisher=Buchverlag Rogge |
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|isbn=978-3-942943-07-9 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{Cite book |
* {{Cite book |
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|year=2007 |
|year=2007 |
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|title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |
|title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |
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| |
|trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |
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|language=German |
|language=German |
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|location=Jena, Germany |
|location=Jena, Germany |
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|publisher=Scherzers |
|publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |
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|isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 |
|isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 |
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}} |
}} |
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|publisher=[[Ivy Books]] |
|publisher=[[Ivy Books]] |
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|isbn=978-0-8041-1696-1 |
|isbn=978-0-8041-1696-1 |
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|url-access=registration |
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|url=https://archive.org/details/luftwaffefighter00mike |
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}} |
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* {{Cite book |
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|last=Weal |
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|first=John |
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|year=2001 |
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|title=Jagdgeschwader 54 "Grünherz" |
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|series=Aviation Elite Units |
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|volume=6 |
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|location=Oxford, UK |
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|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |
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|isbn=978-1-84176-286-9 |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Refend}} |
{{Refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[ |
*[https://www.tracesofwar.com/persons/23962 TracesOfWar.com] |
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*[http://www.luftwaffe.cz/koall.html Aces of the Luftwaffe] |
*[http://www.luftwaffe.cz/koall.html Aces of the Luftwaffe] |
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{{s-end}} |
{{s-end}} |
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{{Knight's Cross recipients of JG 54}} |
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{{Subject bar |
{{Subject bar |
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| portal1=Aviation |
| portal1=Aviation |
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| portal2=Biography |
| portal2=Biography |
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| portal3=Military of Germany |
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| portal4=World War II |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --> |
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| NAME = Koall, Gerhard |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German fighter ace and Knight's Cross recipient |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 7 June 1912 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Königsberg]], [[East Prussia]] |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 27 April 1945 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Anklam]], [[Germany]] |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Koall, Gerhard}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Koall, Gerhard}} |
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[[Category:1912 births]] |
[[Category:1912 births]] |
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[[Category:1945 deaths]] |
[[Category:1945 deaths]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Military personnel from Königsberg]] |
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[[Category:Luftwaffe pilots]] |
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[[Category:German World War II flying aces]] |
[[Category:German World War II flying aces]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Gold German Cross]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the Gold German Cross]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Luftwaffe personnel killed in World War II]] |
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[[Category:Aviators killed by being shot down]] |
[[Category:Aviators killed by being shot down]] |
Latest revision as of 16:34, 6 December 2024
Gerhard Koall | |
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Nickname(s) | "Knall" |
Born | 7 June 1912 Königsberg, East Prussia |
Died | 27 April 1945 Anklam | (aged 32)
Cause of death | Killed in action |
Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
Service | Luftwaffe |
Years of service | ?-1945 |
Rank | Hauptmann (captain) |
Unit | JG 54 EJG 1 JG 101 JG 3 |
Battles / wars | World War II |
Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |
Gerhard "Knall" Koall (7 June 1912 – 27 April 1945) was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Gerhard Koall was killed on 27 April 1945 after being hit by Soviet anti-aircraft fire near Anklam. During his career he was credited with 37 victories, 35 on the Eastern Front and 2 during the Invasion of Yugoslavia.
Career
[edit]Koall was born on 7 June 1912 in Königsberg in the Kingdom of Prussia of the German Empire. Today it is Kaliningrad in Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea.[1]
On 23 February 1942, Koall was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing). He replaced Hauptmann Hans Schmoller-Haldy who had been wounded in combat that day. The Staffel was subordinated to I. Gruppe of JG 54 which was headed by Hauptmann Hans Philipp.[2]
In mid-April 1943, a newly formed Jabostaffel (fighter bomber squadron) was formed and labeled 13.(Jabo) Staffel of JG 54 and placed under the command of Koall.[3]
In late-February 1944, Koall succeeded Hauptmann Siegfried Schnell as Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of IV. Gruppe of JG 54 after Schnell had been killed in action on 25 February.[4]
On 25 April during the Battle of the Oder–Neisse, Koall was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of IV. Sturmgruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing). He replaced Oberleutnant Oskar Romm who had been severely injured the day before. The next day, the Sturmgruppe retreated from Prenzlau to an airfield at Greifswald. On 27 April, Koall was killed in action when his Fw 190 was shot down by Soviet anti-aircraft artillery near Anklam. Command of the Sturmgruppe was then given to Hauptmann Günther Schack on 1 May.[5]
Summary of career
[edit]Aerial victory claims
[edit]Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 37 aerial victory claims. This number includes 35 claims on the Eastern Front and two over the Western Allies in Yugoslavia.[6]
Awards
[edit]- Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class[7]
- Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 1 March 1943 as Hauptmann and Staffelkapitän[8]
- German Cross in Gold o 17 October 1943 as Hauptmann in II./Jagdgeschwader 54[9]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 10 October 1944 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the IV./Jagdgeschwader 54[10][11]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 147.
- ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 195.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 289, 315.
- ^ Weal 2001, p. 118.
- ^ Prien 1996, pp. 321–322, 324.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 655–656.
- ^ Dixon 2023, p. 155.
- ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 120.
- ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 239.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 263.
- ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 455.
Bibliography
[edit]- Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-39903-073-1.
- Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
- Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 2 G–L. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-19-6.
- Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
- Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
- Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
- Prien, Jochen (1996). IV./Jagdgeschwader 3—Chronik einer Jagdgruppe—1943 – 1945 [IV./Jagdgeschwader 3—Chronic of a Fighter Group—1943 – 1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-36-6.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/III—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/III—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-07-9.
- Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
- Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
- Weal, John (2001). Jagdgeschwader 54 "Grünherz". Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 6. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-286-9.