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{{Short description|American politician}}
⚫
{{Infobox Congressman

⚫
{{Infobox officeholder
| name=Ezekiel Candler Gathings
| name=Ezekiel Candler Gathings
| image name=Ezekiel Gathings.jpg
| image name=Ezekiel Gathings.jpg
| state=[[Arkansas]]
| state1=[[Arkansas]]
| district=[[United States House of Representatives, Arkansas District 1|1st]]
| district1=[[United States House of Representatives, Arkansas District 1|1st]]
| party=[[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]]
| party=[[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]]
| term_start=January 3, 1939
| term_start1=January 3, 1939
| term_end=January 3, 1969
| term_end1=January 3, 1969
| preceded=[[William J. Driver]]
| preceded1=[[William J. Driver]]
| succeeded=[[Bill Alexander, Jr.]]
| succeeded1=[[William Vollie Alexander Jr.|Bill Alexander]]
|state_senate2= Arkansas
|district2 = Thirty-second
|term_start2= January 14, 1935<ref>{{harvp|"SOS"|1998|p= 289}}.</ref>
|term_end2 = January 9, 1939<ref>{{harvp|"SOS"|1998|p= 270}}.</ref>
|predecessor2= Marvin B. Norfleet<ref>{{harvp|"SOS"|1998|p= 287-288}}.</ref>
|successor2 = J. O. E. Beck, Jr.<ref>{{harvp|"SOS"|1998|p= 292-293}}.</ref>
| birth_date={{birth date|1903|11|10}}
| birth_date={{birth date|1903|11|10}}
| birth_place=[[Prairie, Mississippi]]
| birth_place=[[Prairie, Mississippi]]
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| occupation=
| occupation=
| residence=
| residence=
| alma_mater=[[University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa]]
| alma_mater=[[University of Alabama]] (did not graduate) <br> [[University of Arkansas School of Law]]
}}
}}
'''Ezekiel Candler "Took" Gathings''' (November 10, 1903 &ndash; May 2, 1979) was a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] from [[Arkansas]], representing Arkansas' First Congressional District from 1939 to 1969. A Democrat and segregationist conservative, Gathings was an ally of [[Strom Thurmond]], and stood against all civil rights legislation. Gathings also chaired the 1952 [[House Select Committee on Current Pornographic Materials]], which advocated for censorship of obscene magazines, books, and comics.<ref>Speer, Lisa K. 2001. “Paperback Pornography: Mass Market Novels and Censorship in Post-War America.” Journal of American & Comparative Cultures 24 (3/4): 153–60</ref>
<!-- This article was automatically created by [[User:polbot]] from http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000098. The prose may be stilted, and there may be grammatical and Wikification errors. Please improve in any way you see fit. -->'''Ezekiel Candler Gathings''' (November 10, 1903 &ndash; May 2, 1979) was a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] from [[Arkansas]].


== Early life and education ==
⚫
Born in [[Prairie, Mississippi]], Gathings attended the public schools and the [[University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa]]. He was graduated from the law department of the [[University of Arkansas at Fayetteville]] in 1929. He was [[Admission to the bar in the United States|admitted to the bar]] the same year and commenced practice in [[Helena, Arkansas]]. He moved to [[West Memphis, Arkansas]], in 1932 and continued the practice of law. He served in the State senate 1935&ndash;1939.
After Gathings was born in [[Prairie, Mississippi]], his family moved to [[Earle, Arkansas]] when the boy was school-aged.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=4397|title=Ezekiel Candler "Took" Gathings (1903–1979) - Encyclopedia of Arkansas|website=www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net|access-date=2018-11-24}}</ref>


His nickname was derived from Gathings's younger brother's mispronunciation of his childhood nickname, "Sugar" ("Tooker", shortened to "Took").
Gathings was elected as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] to the [[76th United States Congress|Seventy-sixth]] and to the fourteen succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1939 &ndash; January 3, 1969). He was not a candidate for reelection in 1968 to the [[91st United States Congress|Ninety-first]] Congress. He resumed the practice of law. He served as a member of [[West Memphis, Arkansas]], Port Authority.


⚫
Gathings graduated from high school in Earle, and briefly attended University of Alabama. He transferred to the [[University of Arkansas School of Law]], where he graduated in 1929. He was [[Admission to the bar in the United States|admitted to the bar]] the same year and commenced practice in [[Helena, Arkansas]]. A few years later in 1932, he moved his practice to [[West Memphis, Arkansas|West Memphis]].

== Political career ==
Gathings served in the [[Arkansas Senate]] from 1935&ndash;1939, representing [[Crittenden County, Arkansas|Crittenden]] and [[St. Francis County, Arkansas|St. Francis Counties]]. He served in the 50th and 51st Arkansas General Assembly, which were entirely Democratic during the [[Solid South]] period. He was elected as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] (defeating incumbent [[William J. Driver]] in the 1938 Democratic primary) to the [[76th United States Congress|Seventy-sixth]] and to the fourteen succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1939 &ndash; January 3, 1969) as a representative of Arkansas' 1st Congressional District. He was a signatory of the 1956 [[Southern Manifesto]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Senate – March 12, 1956|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=102|issue=4|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|pages=4459–4461|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3-1.pdf}}</ref> that opposed the desegregation of public schools ordered by the Supreme Court in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]''. Gathings voted against the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957|Civil Rights Acts of 1957]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/h42|title=HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.|work=GovTrack.us}}</ref> [[Civil Rights Act of 1960|1960]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/h102|title=HR 8601. PASSAGE.}}</ref> [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|1964]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/88-1964/h128|title=H.R. 7152. PASSAGE.}}</ref> and [[Civil Rights Act of 1968|1968]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO ESTABLISH PENALTIES FOR … -- House Vote #113 -- Aug 16, 1967 |url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1967/h113 |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=GovTrack.us |language=en}}</ref> as well as the [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]]<ref>{{cite web |title=S.J. RES. 29. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO BAN THE USE OF POLL TAX AS A REQUIREMENT FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS. |url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1962/h193 |work=GovTrack.us}}</ref> and the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/89-1965/h87|title=TO PASS H.R. 6400, THE 1965 VOTING RIGHTS ACT.}}</ref>

== Retirement and death ==
Gathings resided in [[West Memphis, Arkansas]], where he died May 2, 1979. He was interred in Crittenden Memorial Park, [[Marion, Arkansas]].
Gathings resided in [[West Memphis, Arkansas]], where he died May 2, 1979. He was interred in Crittenden Memorial Park, [[Marion, Arkansas]].


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1= Priest |first1= Sharon |author-link1=Sharon Priest |editor1-last= Runnells |editor1-first= Jonathan |title= Historical Report of the Arkansas Secretary of State |year= 1998 |publisher= Office of the [[Arkansas Secretary of State]] |oclc= 40157815 |ref={{harvid|"SOS"|1998}} }}
{{CongBio|G000098}}
{{CongBio|G000098}}
{{refend}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{US House succession box
{{USRepSuccessionBox
| state=Arkansas
| state=Arkansas
| district=1
| district=1
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{{Bioguide}}
{{Bioguide}}
{{U.S. Arkansas Representatives}}

{{authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME =Gathings, Ezekiel Candler
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Arkansas politician
| DATE OF BIRTH = November 10, 1903
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Prairie, Mississippi]]
| DATE OF DEATH = May 2, 1979
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[West Memphis, Arkansas]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gathings, Ezekiel Candler}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gathings, Ezekiel Candler}}
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Monroe County, Mississippi]]
[[Category:People from Monroe County, Mississippi]]
[[Category:Arkansas State Senators]]
[[Category:Democratic Party Arkansas state senators]]
[[Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Arkansas]]
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Arkansas]]
[[Category:Arkansas Democrats]]
[[Category:People from West Memphis, Arkansas]]
[[Category:Signatories of the Southern Manifesto]]

[[Category:20th-century members of the United States House of Representatives]]
[[de:Ezekiel Candler Gathings]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Arkansas General Assembly]]

Latest revision as of 00:49, 9 December 2024

Ezekiel Candler Gathings
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Arkansas's 1st district
In office
January 3, 1939 – January 3, 1969
Preceded byWilliam J. Driver
Succeeded byBill Alexander
Member of the Arkansas Senate
from the Thirty-second district
In office
January 14, 1935[1] – January 9, 1939[2]
Preceded byMarvin B. Norfleet[3]
Succeeded byJ. O. E. Beck, Jr.[4]
Personal details
Born(1903-11-10)November 10, 1903
Prairie, Mississippi
DiedMay 2, 1979(1979-05-02) (aged 75)
West Memphis, Arkansas
Political partyDemocratic
Alma materUniversity of Alabama (did not graduate)
University of Arkansas School of Law

Ezekiel Candler "Took" Gathings (November 10, 1903 – May 2, 1979) was a U.S. Representative from Arkansas, representing Arkansas' First Congressional District from 1939 to 1969. A Democrat and segregationist conservative, Gathings was an ally of Strom Thurmond, and stood against all civil rights legislation. Gathings also chaired the 1952 House Select Committee on Current Pornographic Materials, which advocated for censorship of obscene magazines, books, and comics.[5]

Early life and education

[edit]

After Gathings was born in Prairie, Mississippi, his family moved to Earle, Arkansas when the boy was school-aged.[6]

His nickname was derived from Gathings's younger brother's mispronunciation of his childhood nickname, "Sugar" ("Tooker", shortened to "Took").

Gathings graduated from high school in Earle, and briefly attended University of Alabama. He transferred to the University of Arkansas School of Law, where he graduated in 1929. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Helena, Arkansas. A few years later in 1932, he moved his practice to West Memphis.

Political career

[edit]

Gathings served in the Arkansas Senate from 1935–1939, representing Crittenden and St. Francis Counties. He served in the 50th and 51st Arkansas General Assembly, which were entirely Democratic during the Solid South period. He was elected as a Democrat (defeating incumbent William J. Driver in the 1938 Democratic primary) to the Seventy-sixth and to the fourteen succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1939 – January 3, 1969) as a representative of Arkansas' 1st Congressional District. He was a signatory of the 1956 Southern Manifesto[7] that opposed the desegregation of public schools ordered by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education. Gathings voted against the Civil Rights Acts of 1957,[8] 1960,[9] 1964,[10] and 1968[11] as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution[12] and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.[13]

Retirement and death

[edit]

Gathings resided in West Memphis, Arkansas, where he died May 2, 1979. He was interred in Crittenden Memorial Park, Marion, Arkansas.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "SOS" (1998), p. 289.
  2. ^ "SOS" (1998), p. 270.
  3. ^ "SOS" (1998), p. 287-288.
  4. ^ "SOS" (1998), p. 292-293.
  5. ^ Speer, Lisa K. 2001. “Paperback Pornography: Mass Market Novels and Censorship in Post-War America.” Journal of American & Comparative Cultures 24 (3/4): 153–60
  6. ^ "Ezekiel Candler "Took" Gathings (1903–1979) - Encyclopedia of Arkansas". www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
  7. ^ "Senate – March 12, 1956" (PDF). Congressional Record. 102 (4). U.S. Government Printing Office: 4459–4461.
  8. ^ "HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957". GovTrack.us.
  9. ^ "HR 8601. PASSAGE".
  10. ^ "H.R. 7152. PASSAGE".
  11. ^ "TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO ESTABLISH PENALTIES FOR … -- House Vote #113 -- Aug 16, 1967". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
  12. ^ "S.J. RES. 29. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO BAN THE USE OF POLL TAX AS A REQUIREMENT FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS". GovTrack.us.
  13. ^ "TO PASS H.R. 6400, THE 1965 VOTING RIGHTS ACT".
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Arkansas's 1st congressional district
1939–1969 		Succeeded by

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ezekiel_C._Gathings&oldid=1261986888"