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{{short description|United States federal judge (1757–1815)}}
{{For|other people with the same name|Philip Key (disambiguation)}}
{{For|other people with the same name|Philip Key (disambiguation)}}
{{More footnotes|date=April 2010}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox Judge
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
|name = Philip Key
|image = PBkey.jpg
| name = Philip Barton Key
| honorific-suffix =
|state1 = [[Maryland]]
| image = Philip Barton Key (1757–1815).jpg
|district1 = {{ushr|MD|3|3rd}}
| alt =
|term_start1 = March 4, 1807
| caption =
|term_end1 = March 3, 1813
| state = [[Maryland]]
|predecessor1 = [[Patrick Magruder]]
| district = {{ushr|MD|3|3rd}}
|successor1 = [[Alexander Contee Hanson|Alexander Hanson]]
| term_start = March 4, 1807
|office2 = Chief Judge of the [[United States circuit court|United States Circuit Court for the Fourth Circuit]]
| term_end = March 3, 1813
|appointer3 = [[John Adams]]
| predecessor = [[Patrick Magruder]]
|term_start2 = February 20, 1801
| successor = [[Alexander Contee Hanson]]
|term_end2 = July 1, 1802
| office1 = Chief Judge of the [[United States circuit court]] for the Fourth Circuit
|predecessor2 = Position established
| term_start1 = March 3, 1801
|successor2 = Position abolished
| term_end1 = July 1, 1802
|birth_date = {{birth date|1757|4|12}}
| nominator1 =
|birth_place = [[Charlestown, Maryland|Charlestown]], [[Province of Maryland|Maryland]], [[British America]]
| appointer1 = [[List of federal judges appointed by John Adams|John Adams]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1815|7|28|1757|4|12}}
| predecessor1 = ''Seat established by 2 Stat. 89''
|death_place = [[Washington County, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]], [[United States|U.S.]]
|party = [[Federalist Party|Federalist]]
| successor1 = ''Seat abolished''
| office2 = Judge of the [[United States circuit court]] for the Fourth Circuit
|spouse = Ann Plater
| term_start2 = February 20, 1801
|children = 1
| term_end2 = March 3, 1801
|education = [[Middle Temple]]
| nominator2 =
| appointer2 = [[List of federal judges appointed by John Adams|John Adams]]
| predecessor2 = ''Seat established by 2 Stat. 89''
| successor2 = [[Charles Magill (Virginia judge)|Charles Magill]]
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Philip Barton Key
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1757|04|12}}
| birth_place = [[Charlestown, Maryland|Charlestown]],<br>[[Province of Maryland]],<br>[[British America]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1815|07|28|1757|04|12}}
| death_place = [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown, D.C.]]
| death_cause =
| resting_place = [[Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Oak Hill Cemetery]]<br>Washington, D.C.
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| nationality =
| party = [[Federalist Party|Federalist]]
| otherparty =
| height =
| spouse = Anne Plater
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| mother =
| father =
| relatives = [[John Eager Howard]]<br>[[William Howard (engineer)|William Howard]] {{small|(son-in-law)}}<br>[[George Plater]] {{small|(father-in-law)}}<br>[[Philip Key (U.S. politician)|Philip Key]] {{small|(cousin)}}<br>[[Francis Scott Key]] {{small|(nephew)}}<br>[[Philip Barton Key II]] {{small|(grand nephew)}}
| residence =
| education = [[Middle Temple]]<br>[[read law]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| known_for =
| salary =
| net_worth =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website = <!--Embedded templates / Footnotes-->
| footnotes =
| allegiance = {{flagicon image|Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg}} Great Britain
| branch = [[British Army]]
| serviceyears = 1777–1781
| unit = [[Maryland Loyalists Battalion]]
| battles = [[American Revolutionary War]]
*[[Battle of Mobile (1781)|Battle of Mobile]] {{POW}}
}}
}}
'''Philip Barton Key Sr.''' (April 12, 1757 &ndash; July 28, 1815), was a [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from the [[United States House of Representatives, Maryland District 3|third district]] of [[Maryland]], and later a [[United States federal judge]]. In contrast to most American politicians, of the Revolutionary era United States, Key enlisted, as a British [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]] and fought against the [[American Revolution]]. After the war, Key was the only former, British American Loyalist to be regain prominence in United States politics.


'''Philip Barton Key''' (April 12, 1757 – July 28, 1815), was an American [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]] and later was a [[United States federal judge|United States Circuit Judge]] and Chief United States Circuit Judge of the [[United States circuit court]] for the Fourth Circuit and a [[United States representative]] from [[Maryland]].
==Early life==
Born in [[Charlestown, Maryland|Charlestown]]. [[Cecil County, Maryland]], Key pursued an academic course.


==Education and career==
==American Revolutionary War==
[[File:Coat of Arms of Francis Scott Key.svg|175px|thumb|left|Coat of Arms of Philip Barton Key]]
During the American Revolutionary War, Philip Barton Key served in the [[Maryland Loyalists Battalion]], as a captain.<ref>Conway Whittle Sams, Elihu Samuel Riley, ''The Bench and Bar of Maryland: A History 1634 to 1901'' (1901), p. 292.</ref> Key fought under the British Army, from 1777-1781, until he was captured, by the Spanish Army, who were at war with the British, in [[Pensacola, Florida]], with the rest of his battalion. Key was a prisoner, for a month, in [[Havana]], [[Cuba]], before being paroled and sent to [[New York City]], until the end of the war.
Born on April 12, 1757, near [[Charlestown, Maryland|Charlestown]], [[Cecil County, Maryland|Cecil County]], [[Province of Maryland]], [[British America]],<ref name=FJC>{{FJC Bio|1273|nid=1383296|name=Philip Barton Key<!--(1757–1815)-->}}</ref> Key pursued an academic course.<ref name=CB>{{CongBio|K000159|inline=yes}}</ref> He was a [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]], fighting with the [[British Army during the American Revolutionary War|British Army]] from 1777 to 1781.<ref name=FJC/> He served in the [[Maryland Loyalists Battalion]] as a captain.<ref name=Riley>Conway Whittle Sams, Elihu Samuel Riley, ''The Bench and Bar of Maryland: A History 1634 to 1901'' (1901), p. 292.</ref> Key and his entire battalion were captured by the Spanish Army– who were at war with the British– in [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]], Florida.<ref name=Riley/> Key was a prisoner for a month in [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] before being paroled and sent to New York City, New York until the end of the war.<ref name=Riley/> After the war, Key went to England and graduated from the [[Middle Temple]] in London in 1784 and [[read law]] in 1785.<ref name=FJC/> He returned to [[Maryland]] in 1785.<ref name=FJC/> He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice in [[Leonardtown, Maryland|Leonardtown]], Maryland from 1787 to 1790.<ref name=FJC/> He continued private practice in [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis]], Maryland from 1790 to 1794, and from 1799 to 1800.<ref name=FJC/> He was a member of the [[Maryland House of Delegates]] from 1794 to 1799.<ref name=FJC/> He was [[Mayor of Annapolis]] from 1797 to 1798.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}


==Federal judicial service==
==English education and American politics==


Key was nominated by President [[John Adams]] on February 18, 1801, to the [[United States circuit court]] for the Fourth Circuit, to a new seat authorized by {{USStat|2|89}}.<ref name=FJC/> He was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on February 20, 1801, and received his commission the same day.<ref name=FJC/> His service terminated on March 3, 1801, due to his elevation to serve as Chief Judge of the same court.<ref name=FJC/>
After the war, Key traveled to England to study law at the [[Middle Temple]]. In 1785 he returned to Maryland and [[read law]] to be admitted to the [[Bar association|bar]]. He began practicing law in [[Leonardtown, Maryland]] in 1787, before moving to [[Annapolis]] in 1790, becoming a member of the [[Maryland House of Delegates]] from 1794 until 1799. He served as Mayor of Annapolis from 1797 to 1798. He returned briefly to private practice in Annapolis from 1799 to 1800.


On February 18, 1801, Key was nominated by President [[John Adams]] to a new seat on the [[United States circuit court]] for the [[United States federal judicial circuits|Fourth Circuit]], created by 2 Stat. 89. He was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on February 20, 1801, and received his commission the same day. He served as chief judge of that court from 1801-1802. Key's service was terminated on July 1, 1802, with the abolition of the court.
Key was nominated by President Adams on February 25, 1801, to the United States Circuit Court for the Fourth Circuit, to the new Chief Judge seat authorized by 2 Stat. 89.<ref name=FJC/> He was confirmed by the Senate on February 26, 1801, and received his commission on March 3, 1801.<ref name=FJC/> His service terminated on July 1, 1802, due to abolition of the court.<ref name=FJC/>


Following his departure from the federal bench, Key resumed private practice in [[Montgomery County, Maryland|Montgomery County]], Maryland from 1802 to 1807,<ref name=FJC/> also engaging in agricultural pursuits.<ref name=CB/> He served as counsel for [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] [[Samuel Chase]] during [[Impeachment of Samuel Chase|his Senate impeachment trial in 1805]].<ref name=FJC/>
Key then returned to private practice, from 1802 to 1807. He was a Counsel to Justice [[Samuel Chase]] during Chase's Senate impeachment trial in 1805. During this time he built and lived in [[Woodley Mansion|Woodley]] in [[Washington, DC]].


==Congressional service==
In the fall of 1806 Key moved to [[Montgomery County, Maryland]] and became interested in agriculture. Between March 4, 1807 and March 3, 1813, he was elected as a [[Federalist]] to the [[Tenth United States Congress|Tenth]], [[Eleventh United States Congress|Eleventh]] and [[Twelfth United States Congress|Twelfth U.S. Congresses]]. He also served as chairman for the [[United States House Committee on the District of Columbia|Committee on District of Columbia]] during the Tenth Congress.


Key was elected as a [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] from [[Maryland's 3rd congressional district]] to the [[United States House of Representatives]] of the [[10th United States Congress|10th]], [[11th United States Congress|11th]] and [[12th United States Congress]]es, serving from March 4, 1807, to March 3, 1813.<ref name=CB/> He was Chairman of the [[United States House Committee on the District of Columbia]] for the 10th United States Congress.<ref name=CB/>
==Death==

On July 28, 1815, Key died in [[Washington County, D.C.]], and was interred on his [[Woodley Mansion|Woodley estate]]. Later, he was re-interred at [[Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Oak Hill Cemetery]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]
==Later career and death==

Following his departure from Congress, Key resumed private practice in [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown, D.C.]] (then a separate municipality in the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]], now a neighborhood in Washington, D.C.) from 1813 to 1815.<ref name=FJC/> He died on July 28, 1815, in Georgetown, D.C.<ref name=FJC/> He was initially interred on his estate “[[Woodley Mansion|Woodley]]” in Georgetown, D.C.<ref name=CB/> He was re-interred in [[Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Oak Hill Cemetery]] in Washington, D.C.<ref name=CB/>

==Family==

Key's cousin, [[Philip Key (U.S. politician)|Philip Key]], was a [[United States representative]] from Maryland.<ref name=CB/>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Philip Key (U.S. politician)]], Key's cousin.
[[File:Mrs. Philip Barton Key (Anne Plater).jpg|thumb|Mrs. Philip Barton Key (Anne Plater)]]
* [[Philip Barton Key (Louisiana)|Philip Barton Key, Jr.]], Key's son.
* [[Philip Key (U.S. politician)]], Key's cousin
* [[Francis Scott Key]], Key's nephew.
* [[Francis Scott Key]], Key's nephew
* [[Philip Barton Key II]], Key's great-nephew.
* [[Philip Barton Key II]], Key's great-nephew
* [[John Eager Howard]], father-in-law of Key's daughter.
* [[John Eager Howard]], father-in-law of Key's daughter
* [[George Plater]], father-in-law.
* [[William Howard (engineer)]], son-in-law
* [[George Plater]], father-in-law


== References ==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== Sources ==
{{CongBio|K000159}}
{{CongBio|K000159}}
{{FJC Bio|1273}}
* {{FJC Bio|1273|nid=1383296|name=Philip Barton Key<!--(1757–1815)-->}}
*Purcell, L. Edward. ''Who Was Who in the American Revolution''. New York: Facts on File, 1993. {{ISBN|0-8160-2107-4}}.
* Purcell, L. Edward. ''Who Was Who in the American Revolution''. New York: Facts on File, 1993. {{ISBN|0-8160-2107-4}}.
* Leepson, Marc. ''What So Proudly We Hailed: Francis Scott Key, A Life''. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2014. {{ISBN|9781137278289}}.

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}


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{{s-ttl|title=[[List of mayors of Annapolis, Maryland|Mayor of Annapolis]]|years=1797–1798}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of mayors of Annapolis, Maryland|Mayor of Annapolis]]|years=1797–1798}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Nicholas Carroll]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Nicholas Carroll]]}}
|-
{{s-legal}}
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{{s-bef|before=Seat established by 2 Stat. 89}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chief Judge of the [[United States circuit court|United States Circuit Court for the Fourth Circuit]]|years=1801–1802}}
{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|Judge of the [[United States circuit court]] for the Fourth Circuit}}|years=1801}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Charles Magill (Virginia judge)|Charles Magill]]}}
{{s-non|reason=Position abolished}}
{{s-bef|before=Seat established by 2 Stat. 89}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|Chief Judge of the [[United States circuit court]] for the Fourth Circuit}}|years=1801–1802}}
{{s-aft|after=Seat abolished}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Patrick Magruder]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Patrick Magruder]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Maryland|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Maryland's 3rd congressional district]]|years=1807–1813}}
{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|[[List of United States Representatives from Maryland|United States Representative]] from [[Maryland's 3rd congressional district]]}}|years=1807–1813}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Alexander Contee Hanson|Alexander Hanson]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Alexander Contee Hanson]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Portalbar|Maryland|Law|Politics|Christianity}}
{{Portalbar|Maryland|Law|Politics|Christianity}}

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[[Category:1757 births]]
[[Category:1757 births]]
[[Category:1815 deaths]]
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[[Category:18th-century judges]]
[[Category:18th-century American judges]]
[[Category:American Loyalists from Maryland]]
[[Category:American Loyalists from Maryland]]
[[Category:American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Spain]]
[[Category:American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Spain]]
[[Category:Burials at Oak Hill Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]]
[[Category:Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland]]
[[Category:Judges of the United States circuit courts]]
[[Category:Judges of the United States circuit courts]]
[[Category:Key family of Maryland]]
[[Category:Key family of Maryland]]
[[Category:Loyalist military personnel of the American Revolutionary War]]
[[Category:Loyalist military personnel of the American Revolutionary War]]
[[Category:Mayors of Annapolis, Maryland]]
[[Category:Mayors of Annapolis, Maryland]]
[[Category:Maryland Federalists]]
[[Category:Members of the Maryland House of Delegates]]
[[Category:Members of the Maryland House of Delegates]]
[[Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland]]
[[Category:People from Cecil County, Maryland]]
[[Category:People from Cecil County, Maryland]]
[[Category:People of Maryland in the American Revolution]]
[[Category:United States federal judges appointed by John Adams]]
[[Category:United States federal judges appointed by John Adams]]
[[Category:People admitted to the practice of law by reading law]]
[[Category:United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law]]
[[Category:18th-century mayors of places in Maryland]]
[[Category:19th-century Maryland politicians]]
[[Category:19th-century members of the United States House of Representatives]]

Latest revision as of 03:09, 11 December 2024

For other people with the same name, see Philip Key (disambiguation).

Philip Barton Key
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Maryland's 3rd district
In office
March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1813
Preceded byPatrick Magruder
Succeeded byAlexander Contee Hanson
Chief Judge of the United States circuit court for the Fourth Circuit
In office
March 3, 1801 – July 1, 1802
Appointed byJohn Adams
Preceded bySeat established by 2 Stat. 89
Succeeded bySeat abolished
Judge of the United States circuit court for the Fourth Circuit
In office
February 20, 1801 – March 3, 1801
Appointed byJohn Adams
Preceded bySeat established by 2 Stat. 89
Succeeded byCharles Magill
Personal details
Born
Philip Barton Key

(1757-04-12)April 12, 1757
Charlestown,
Province of Maryland,
British America
DiedJuly 28, 1815(1815-07-28) (aged 58)
Georgetown, D.C.
Resting placeOak Hill Cemetery
Washington, D.C.
Political partyFederalist
SpouseAnne Plater
RelativesJohn Eager Howard
William Howard (son-in-law)
George Plater (father-in-law)
Philip Key (cousin)
Francis Scott Key (nephew)
Philip Barton Key II (grand nephew)
EducationMiddle Temple
read law
Military service
Allegiance Great Britain
Branch/serviceBritish Army
Years of service1777–1781
UnitMaryland Loyalists Battalion
Battles/warsAmerican Revolutionary War

Philip Barton Key (April 12, 1757 – July 28, 1815), was an American Loyalist during the American Revolutionary War and later was a United States Circuit Judge and Chief United States Circuit Judge of the United States circuit court for the Fourth Circuit and a United States representative from Maryland.

Education and career

[edit]
Coat of Arms of Philip Barton Key

Born on April 12, 1757, near Charlestown, Cecil County, Province of Maryland, British America,[1] Key pursued an academic course.[2] He was a Loyalist during the American Revolutionary War, fighting with the British Army from 1777 to 1781.[1] He served in the Maryland Loyalists Battalion as a captain.[3] Key and his entire battalion were captured by the Spanish Army– who were at war with the British– in Pensacola, Florida.[3] Key was a prisoner for a month in Havana, Cuba before being paroled and sent to New York City, New York until the end of the war.[3] After the war, Key went to England and graduated from the Middle Temple in London in 1784 and read law in 1785.[1] He returned to Maryland in 1785.[1] He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice in Leonardtown, Maryland from 1787 to 1790.[1] He continued private practice in Annapolis, Maryland from 1790 to 1794, and from 1799 to 1800.[1] He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1794 to 1799.[1] He was Mayor of Annapolis from 1797 to 1798.[citation needed]

Federal judicial service

[edit]

Key was nominated by President John Adams on February 18, 1801, to the United States circuit court for the Fourth Circuit, to a new seat authorized by 2 Stat. 89.[1] He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 20, 1801, and received his commission the same day.[1] His service terminated on March 3, 1801, due to his elevation to serve as Chief Judge of the same court.[1]

Key was nominated by President Adams on February 25, 1801, to the United States Circuit Court for the Fourth Circuit, to the new Chief Judge seat authorized by 2 Stat. 89.[1] He was confirmed by the Senate on February 26, 1801, and received his commission on March 3, 1801.[1] His service terminated on July 1, 1802, due to abolition of the court.[1]

Following his departure from the federal bench, Key resumed private practice in Montgomery County, Maryland from 1802 to 1807,[1] also engaging in agricultural pursuits.[2] He served as counsel for Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Samuel Chase during his Senate impeachment trial in 1805.[1]

Congressional service

[edit]

Key was elected as a Federalist from Maryland's 3rd congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 10th, 11th and 12th United States Congresses, serving from March 4, 1807, to March 3, 1813.[2] He was Chairman of the United States House Committee on the District of Columbia for the 10th United States Congress.[2]

Later career and death

[edit]

Following his departure from Congress, Key resumed private practice in Georgetown, D.C. (then a separate municipality in the District of Columbia, now a neighborhood in Washington, D.C.) from 1813 to 1815.[1] He died on July 28, 1815, in Georgetown, D.C.[1] He was initially interred on his estate “Woodley” in Georgetown, D.C.[2] He was re-interred in Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.[2]

Family

[edit]

Key's cousin, Philip Key, was a United States representative from Maryland.[2]

See also

[edit]
Mrs. Philip Barton Key (Anne Plater)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Philip Barton Key at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g United States Congress. "Philip Barton Key (id: K000159)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  3. ^ a b c Conway Whittle Sams, Elihu Samuel Riley, The Bench and Bar of Maryland: A History 1634 to 1901 (1901), p. 292.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of Annapolis
1797–1798 		Succeeded by
Legal offices
Preceded by
Seat established by 2 Stat. 89
 Judge of the United States circuit court for the Fourth Circuit
1801 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Seat established by 2 Stat. 89
 Chief Judge of the United States circuit court for the Fourth Circuit
1801–1802 		Succeeded by
Seat abolished
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by United States Representative from Maryland's 3rd congressional district
1807–1813 		Succeeded by
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