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熊 is the [[list of common Chinese surnames|71st most common surname]] in [[mainland China]].
熊 is the [[list of common Chinese surnames|71st most common surname]] in [[mainland China]].


Although Chinese make up the largest part of America's [[Asian and Pacific Islander]] population,<ref>United States Census Bureau. "[https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/census_2000/cb02-cn59.html Census 2000: Chinese Largest Asian Group in the United States]". 4 Mar 2002. Accessed 29 Mar 2012.</ref> none of the romanizations of 熊 appeared among the 1000 most common surnames during the AD [[2000 US census]].<ref name="US">[[United States Census Bureau]]. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20091221003828/http://www.census.gov:80/genealogy/www/data/2000surnames/index.html Genealogy Data: Frequently Occurring Surnames from Census 2000]". 27 Sept 2011. Accessed 29 Mar 2012.</ref>
Although Chinese make up the largest part of the United States' population of [[Asian Pacific Americans]],<ref>United States Census Bureau. "[https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/census_2000/cb02-cn59.html Census 2000: Chinese Largest Asian Group in the United States]". 4 Mar 2002. Accessed 29 Mar 2012.</ref> none of the romanizations of 熊 appeared among the 1000 most common surnames during the [[2000 United States census]].<ref name="US">[[United States Census Bureau]]. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20091221003828/http://www.census.gov:80/genealogy/www/data/2000surnames/index.html Genealogy Data: Frequently Occurring Surnames from Census 2000]". 27 Sept 2011. Accessed 29 Mar 2012.</ref>


==Origins==
==Origins==
Xiong's literal meaning is "[[Asian black bear|bear]]".
Xiong's literal meaning is "[[Asian black bear|bear]]".


In [[ancient China]], it was used as a [[Chinese clan name|clan name]] by a branch of the [[Mi (surname)|Mi]] ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|芈}}}}), the [[royal family]] of the [[ancient Chinese state|state]] of [[Chu (state)|Chu]]. They claimed descent from [[Zhuanxu]], a son of the [[Yellow Emperor]] in [[Chinese legend]], and [[Yuxiong]] ({{lang|zh|鬻熊}}), a [[royal tutor|tutor]] of the [[Wen King of Zhou|Wen King]] of [[Zhou dynasty|Zhou]] in the 11th century BC. After the victory of the [[Wu King of Zhou|Wu King]] over the [[Shang dynasty|Shang]] at [[Battle of Muye|Muye]] {{nowrap|{{c.|1046}} BC,}} Yuxiong's descendants supposedly remained prominent at the Zhou court and took the surname Xiong. The [[Cheng King of Zhou|Cheng King]] {{nowrap|(r. 1042{{ndash}}}}{{nowrap|1021 BC)}} then [[Noble titles of the Zhou|created]] [[Xiong Yi]], Yuxiong's great-grandson, the [[zi (title)|viscount]] of the [[fief (China)|fief]] of Chu.<ref name="shiji">{{cite web |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/shiji/sj_040.htm |title=楚世家 (House of Chu) |work=[[Records of the Grand Historian]] |author=Sima Qian |author-link=Sima Qian |language=zh |access-date=3 December 2011}}</ref> Eventually rising to the status of [[wang (title)|kings]], the family retained control of Chu until its conquest by [[Qin (state)|Qin]] during the [[Warring States Period]]. Some regained control of later successor states and the surname remains prominent in the [[Chinese province|provinces]] formerly comprising the territory of Chu.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}
In [[ancient China]], it was used as a [[Chinese surname#Shi|clan name]] by a branch of the [[Mi (surname)|Mi]] ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|芈}}}}), the [[royal family]] of the [[Chu (state)|state of Chu]]. As recorded by [[Sima Qian]], they claimed descent from [[Zhuanxu]], a son of the [[Yellow Emperor]] in [[Chinese mythology]], and [[Yuxiong]] ({{lang|zh|鬻熊}}), a [[Grand Tutor|tutor]] of the [[King Wen of Zhou]] in the 11th century BC. After the victory of the [[King Wu of Zhou]] over the [[Shang dynasty]] at the [[Battle of Muye]] {{nowrap|{{c.|1046}} BC,}} Yuxiong's descendants supposedly remained prominent at the Zhou court and took the surname Xiong. The [[King Cheng of Zhou]] {{nowrap|(r. 1042{{ndash}}}}{{nowrap|1021 BC)}} then [[Zhou dynasty nobility|appointed]] [[Xiong Yi (11th century BC)|Xiong Yi]], Yuxiong's great-grandson, viscount of the [[fief (China)|fief]] of Chu.<ref name="shiji">{{cite web |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/shiji/sj_040.htm |title=楚世家 (House of Chu) |work=[[Records of the Grand Historian]] |author=Sima Qian |author-link=Sima Qian |language=zh |access-date=3 December 2011}}</ref> More likely, the clan name is a [[calque]] of a non-[[Sinitic languages|Sinitic]] dynasty, with modern scholarship believing the character {{lang|zh|{{linktext|芈}}}} was used to transcribe a [[Kam–Tai languages|Kam–Tai]] word also meaning "bear".{{sfnp|Schuessler|2007}}
Eventually rising to the status of [[wang (title)|kings]], the family retained control of Chu until its conquest by [[Qin (state)|Qin]] during the [[Warring States period]]. Some regained control of later successor states and the surname remains prominent in the [[Chinese province|provinces]] formerly comprising the territory of Chu.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}


==List of persons with the surname==
==List of persons with the surname==
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* [[Xiong Xiling]], Chinese philanthropist and politician
* [[Xiong Xiling]], Chinese philanthropist and politician
* [[Xiong Zhaoren]], Chinese general
* [[Xiong Zhaoren]], Chinese general
* [[Hui Xiong]], data scientist
* [[Jeffery Xiong]], United States [[chess grandmaster]]
* [[Jeffery Xiong]], United States [[chess grandmaster]]
* [[Xiong Ziqi|Dylan Xiong Ziqi]], Chinese artist
* [[Xiong Ziqi|Dylan Xiong Ziqi]], Chinese artist
* [[Li Xiong (computer scientist)]]
{{Col-break}}
{{Col-break}}


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==References==
==References==
{{Wiktionary|Xiong|Hsiung}}
{{Wiktionary|Xiong|Hsiung}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last=Schuessler |first=Axel |date=2007 |title=ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese |location=Honolulu |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press }}.
{{refend}}


{{100 Most Common Family Names in Mainland China}}
{{100 Most Common Family Names in Mainland China}}{{Bear-surname}}{{surname|Xiong}}
{{surname|Xiong}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Chinese-language surnames]]
[[Category:Chinese-language surnames]]
[[Category:Multiple Chinese surnames]]
[[Category:Multiple Chinese surnames]]
[[Category:Bears in human culture]]

Latest revision as of 08:10, 15 September 2024

Xiong
Xiong surname in regular script
PronunciationXióng (Pinyin)
Hîm, Hiông (Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
Language(s)Chinese
Origin
Language(s)Old Chinese
DerivationJilian
Meaning"bear"
Other names
Variant form(s)Xiong, Hsiung (Mandarin)
Xyooj (Hmong)
Hung, Hong (Cantonese)
Him (Hokkien)
Hong, Yoong (Hakka)
Hiōng (Gan)
Hùng (Vietnamese)
Cognate(s)Mi (surname) (芈)
See alsoZhurong (祝融)

Xiong is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname 熊 (Xióng). It is 41st in the Hundred Family Surnames, contained in the verse 熊紀舒屈 (Xiong, Ji, Shu, Qu).

Romanizations

[edit]

熊 is also romanized as Hsiung2 in Wade-Giles. It is Hung or Hong in Cantonese; Him in Hokkien, Hong or Yoong in Hakka; Hiōng in Gan; Hùng in Vietnamese; and Xyooj in Hmong.

Note that "Hong" and "Hung" may also refer to the unrelated surname 洪.

Distribution

[edit]

熊 is the 71st most common surname in mainland China.

Although Chinese make up the largest part of the United States' population of Asian Pacific Americans,[1] none of the romanizations of 熊 appeared among the 1000 most common surnames during the 2000 United States census.[2]

Origins

[edit]

Xiong's literal meaning is "bear".

In ancient China, it was used as a clan name by a branch of the Mi (芈), the royal family of the state of Chu. As recorded by Sima Qian, they claimed descent from Zhuanxu, a son of the Yellow Emperor in Chinese mythology, and Yuxiong (鬻熊), a tutor of the King Wen of Zhou in the 11th century BC. After the victory of the King Wu of Zhou over the Shang dynasty at the Battle of Muye c. 1046 BC, Yuxiong's descendants supposedly remained prominent at the Zhou court and took the surname Xiong. The King Cheng of Zhou (r. 1042–1021 BC) then appointed Xiong Yi, Yuxiong's great-grandson, viscount of the fief of Chu.[3] More likely, the clan name is a calque of a non-Sinitic dynasty, with modern scholarship believing the character 芈 was used to transcribe a Kam–Tai word also meaning "bear".[4]

Eventually rising to the status of kings, the family retained control of Chu until its conquest by Qin during the Warring States period. Some regained control of later successor states and the surname remains prominent in the provinces formerly comprising the territory of Chu.[citation needed]

List of persons with the surname

[edit]

References

[edit]
Look up Xiong or Hsiung in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census 2000: Chinese Largest Asian Group in the United States". 4 Mar 2002. Accessed 29 Mar 2012.
  2. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Genealogy Data: Frequently Occurring Surnames from Census 2000". 27 Sept 2011. Accessed 29 Mar 2012.
  3. ^ Sima Qian. "楚世家 (House of Chu)". Records of the Grand Historian (in Chinese). Retrieved 3 December 2011.
  4. ^ Schuessler (2007).

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Schuessler, Axel (2007), ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
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