Buļļi

Rītabuļļi
Neighbourhood of Riga
Buļļi
Location of Buļļi in Riga
Country	Latvia
City	Riga
District	Kurzeme District
Area
• Total	7.497 km2 (2.895 sq mi)
Population  (2018)
• Total	265
• Density	35/km2 (92/sq mi)
Website	apkaimes.lv

Buļļi or Rītabuļļi is a neighbourhood of Riga, the capital of Latvia. The Western area is known as Vakarbuļļi.

Bulls , also Rītabuļļi , formerly Buļļi manor (the western part near Lielupe is also called Vakarbuļļi ) is a neighborhood of the city of Riga in Pārdaugava , Kurzeme district . The boundaries of the Bull neighborhood are the city border, the Gulf of Riga , the trail leading to / from the Gulf of Riga , Dzintara Street, an imaginary parallel line to Roņu Street, Buļļupe . The Bull neighborhood is located in the extreme northwest corner of Riga on Bull Island . It borders the Daugavgriva and Kleisti neighborhoods , as well as Jurmala city, although by land the only connection to this neighborhood is with Daugavgrīva . Administratively, this neighborhood is located in the Kurzeme district of Riga . The area of ​​the neighborhood is 7,497 km².

Bull is surrounded Vakarbuļļi swimming, which is an important Riga residents lounge and 2009 . is the only bathing place in the territory of the city ​​of Riga , which has been awarded the Blue Flag .

History

The island of Daugavgrīva (Buļļu) has had a complicated history of formation - during the geological and geographical changes of the territory, which are related to the changes of the Lielupe and Daugava beds, Buļļupe was formed . Bullupe , also called Buldurupe, is the old bed of the Lielupe, downstream to its former confluence with the Daugava . Until the 17th century, the Lielupe did not have its own estuary. 1697 . In the spring floods, when an ice block formed in the mouth of the Daugava , the waters of the Lielupe dug a new bed into the sea - they broke the dune strip of the current Bull or Daugavgriva Islandsin the middle (in the current Rītabuļļi district 3 km from Daugavgrīva ), creating a new bed, along which flows directly into the Gulf of Riga . The said estuary was called Ziemeļupe , also called Jāņupe. However, over time, the new estuary became clogged (it existed for less than 100 years), and near the Daugavgrīva seaside dune strip on the land side formed the current bay - Ziemeļupe . Again in 1709 . and 1759 . in Lielupe (where Ziemeļupes bay) broke Daugavgrivas island at present RĪTABUĻĻI and Daugavgrivas , which was in addition to the Lielupedrainage into the sea, however, that drainage gradually became clogged until it was later artificially filled. 1755 . In 1757 (other data in 1757 ), in the regular spring floods, the Lielupe broke the dune strip at Vārnu pub and flowed into the sea near Stirnurags (a 13 km long, narrow island appeared), as a result of which the modern Lielupe estuary was formed . The old lower reaches of the river, about 10 km long from Vārnu pub to Daugavgrīva, got the name Buļļupe or Buldurupe.

No 1765 . - 1768 . In 1771 there were efforts to dam the new Lielupe bed, but in 1771 . It repeatedly broke its way to the same place, creating the so - called Jaunupe. At the same time, the current island of Daugavgrīva was created .

The Bull neighborhood has historically formed on the land of the Bull Manor, which was first mentioned in writings in 1495 . per year. Initially, there were fishing villages Rītabuļļi (Bullēni) and Vakarbuļļi (Buļļugals) on the land of this manor. [1] In turn, the island names "Rītabuļļi" and "Vakarbuļļi" were given by old fishermen, because in the morning the sun is on the Rītabuļļi side, but in the evening on the Vakarbuļļi side. [2]

Bulls Manor ( Bullenhof , Bullenfahr ) was manor Daugavgrivas congregation territory. The location of the Bull Manor could have been located in the vicinity of the current Rojas Street 1. Bull Manor was mentioned in 1617 . In 1621 , when the Duke of Courland Wilhelm leased it to his secretary Paul Špankavas, whose rights to this property in 1621 . was also approved by King Gustav Adolf of Sweden. Later in 1679 . Captain Spankus sold the property to Lieutenant General Martin Schwulz. At the end of the 17th century , the manor was reduced. The reduced manor was subsequently pledged by the King of Sweden to Herman Vitem von Nordek. 1716. In 2000, Prince Peter Gribic ( Korribut de Gallizin ) leased the manor to the aforementioned Herman von Nordek. 1770 . The bull manor was retained by Herman von Nordek 's widow Elizabeth. 1820 . In 1909 the manor belonged to the heirs of the council advisor von Schultz, but in 1909 . The owner was A. Benus (Venus). The bull manor is depicted in the patrimonial area and in 1688 . on the maps of. [3]

Around the 19th century, Buļļupe became a living river transport highway, because the depth was enough for small river steamers to swim along it. [4]

During the first Latvian independence Riga city limits included Pārdaugava areas It also Daugavgrivas island on the west side of the former Bolderājas rural areas (Buļļumuiža, Buļļuciems) bull was included within the city of Riga.

20th century, 30 - 40 years (and most of 1960 . - 1987 . Year) has made multiple Bullupe and Lielupe riverbed deepening aimed, first, it was to provide shipping, secondly, getting sand material Riga building needs. As a result, the dredging of the Bullupe caused the floodplain meadows to be flooded and the shores to be transformed, as well as the river banks to be invaded. It should be noted that in 1930 . years Buļļupe was the main traffic route between the River Daugava and Lielupe lower reaches. [5]

Starting in 1935 . In the territory of the 19th century, between the former Rīttabuļļi building and Buļļupe Bay, the newly designed streets were given names, but their construction was not completed (today, in this area is the Riga water treatment plant complex at Dzintara Street 60). At the beginning of the 1930s, summer houses were also being built in Rītabuļļi. During the Soviet occupation ( 1941 ), the summer houses left by the Baltic Germans, together with the plots of land, were assigned to the Baltic Fleet, where Red Fleet officers and their families settled there. [1] After 1944 . The left bank of the Daugava was annexed to Lenin district. 1962 . In the districts were divided.1969 . In the part separated from the Lenin district, the Leningrad district was formed, which also included the Bulls neighborhood.

After the restoration of independence, the Leningrad district, which includes the island of Daugavgriva (including Bulls), was renamed the Kurzeme district .

In the current situation, a wider network of streets (with the main street - Dzintara Street) can be observed only in Rītabuļļi, while the western part is mostly covered with forests, where Vakarbuļļi is a nature reserve [1] , bordered by Vakarbuļļi mansion district. In addition, a large part of the Bull neighborhood is part of the Piejūra Nature Park, which was established in 1962 . from Vecāķi to the mouth of the Gauja to preserve dune forests, dunes and the beach.

The territory of Daugavgrīva (Buļļu) Island of the Nature Park "Piejūra" includes 2 nature reserves: Daugavgrīva nature reserve and the already mentioned Vakarbuļļi nature reserve, which was established in 1993 . and its area is 52 ha , the largest values ​​of which are seaside meadows. An interesting fact is that plant research in Bulls started already at the end of the 18th century . At the end of the 19th century ( 1894 ), the botanist Kupfer documented the find of the seaside army on Bull Island. 20s - 30sMany scientists have drawn attention to the importance of preserving the Bull landscape and vegetation, and the coastal area of ​​Bullugala has been and is an important resting place for migratory waders and waterfowl. [6]

Geography

The total area of ​​the Bull neighborhood is 749.7 ha , which is 1.5 times more than the average area of ​​Riga neighborhoods. The length of the perimeter of the neighborhood border is 12,541 km. The minimum height of the surrounding relief surface corresponds to the sea level, but its maximum height is 14 m above sea level. In the section from Lielupe to Rītabuļļi, the territory is characterized by the relief of small forested, irregular dune hills and deflationary depressions (2-10 meters above sea level).

Almost the whole area of ​​Buļļi is located in the geomorphological micro-district of the Litorina and post-Littoral accumulation terraces, and only a narrow strip along the Bulļupe River belongs to the geomorphological micro-district of the Daugava Valley. Geologically, the area is dominated by Littoral and post-Littoral seas, lagoons and alluvial sandy sediments with wind-blown sand on the surface. Along the sea shore stretches a sandy beach, which is separated from the rest of the area by an irregular forward dune 250-400 m wide. The coast is subject to intensive coastal washing. Quaternary sediments beneath the blankets that the bulls are very thick (up to 60 m), located in the Upper Devonian Gauja suites maroon, less sage quartz sandstones with 0.5-1 m thick aleirolite and clay interlayers.

From the engineering geological point of view, the Bulls area is generally considered to be a homogeneous territory. Most of its territory has favorable conditions for construction, with dense sandy soils (mainly dusty sand with dense interlayers) under the soil to a depth of about 10 meters. In these areas, no special engineering preparations are required for site preparation, although the groundwater level should be carefully assessed, where it is mostly very high (0-1.5 m) and only in places (in the SW and part NE) it is naturally deep enough for construction (1.5 —3 m). Areas less favorable for geotechnical construction are located along Buļļupecoast (around Rītabuļļi), and especially in the SW itself (Vakarbuļļi). There, construction conditions are hampered not only by the composition of the soil, but also by the risk of flooding of the area, which can reach up to 10%, especially in the SW of the island. More than 35.3 ha of the Bull neighborhood area has a mandatory need for engineering preparation of the area, if any construction work is carried out there. It should be noted here that in Bulls it cannot be assessed as a burden for development, because these territories are located in the territory of nature and greenery, where the development of new buildings is strictly limited.

Territorial division

Of the total area of ​​the Bulls neighborhood, 12.4% or 657.1 ha is occupied by surface water bodies - in the SW part of the neighborhood it is Lielupe , but in the D part Buļļupe with separate water llamas (for example, Kuiļjoma), the area of ​​which varies depending on the season and winds . through Lielupe and Daugava in Buļļupe can significantly increase the water level.

The absolute largest part of the Bull neighborhood - 73.9% or 554.1 ha - is occupied by nature and green areas. There are also large specially protected nature territories - nature park "Piejūra" (573.5 ha), in the south-western part of SW, in the regularly flooded floodplains of the Buļļupe, there is also the Vakarbuļļi nature reserve.

6.8% or 51.3 ha of the Bull neighborhood is defined as a building area with greenery (primarily as a residential building), allowing to preserve and slightly expand the existing sparse residential building in Rītabuļļi (mainly along Dzintara Street). Other permitted uses of the territory in Rītabuļļi are of territorial importance, as they essentially refer only to the nature of the buildings already existing in Vakarbuļļi and Rītabuļļi (mainly detached house building territories). [7]

• 73.9% - Greenery and nature territory.
• 12.4% - Water objects.
• 6.8% - Building area with greenery.
• 3.7% - Highways, highways and streets.
• 2.5% - Private house building territory.
• 0.7% - Mixed building area.

Infrastructure

The connection of the neighborhood with the rest of the territory of Riga is ensured through the vicinity of Daugavgrīva . The main streets are Dzintara Street, Ilmeņa Street and Rojas Street, but the planned scheme of the Riga city street network envisages only local and inferior streets in this area, thus preserving the very peaceful character of this area on the outskirts of the city.

Public transport

The provision of public transport in the Bull neighborhood can be assessed as very weak, as this neighborhood is served by only one Riga public transport route - bus 36 , which also runs only 37 times a day and has no connection to the city center. This means that in order to get to other parts of Riga, the Bull residents have not only to cover a long distance, but also to take into account at least one transfer, if they have to use public transport to get to the city center. During the summer season, the 3rd bus runs to Rītabuļļi on weekends and weekends.

Provision of social infrastructure

None of the social infrastructure objects (pre-school educational institutions, general education institutions, higher education institutions, other educational and training institutions, libraries, medical institutions, cultural houses and other cultural institutions, social care institutions, military institutions, religious institutions, prisons are located in the territory of Bulls) , municipal and state police stations and sports facilities).

References

• Materials from the website of the Riga City Council City Development Department have been used [1].
• Materials from the Riga municipality portal were used [2]
• [1] Rīgas Street, 2001 // Encyclopedia, Vol. - Rīga: Apgāds Priedaines, p. 238; P
• [2] Ilze Jansone, Ivars Vīks, 1999. Latvian Traveler 1.// Series "Motherland Lesson" - Riga: published by Ilze Jansone. The term "Bolderaja" on pages 118 - 123
• [3] Weitners K., 1996. Historical development of Pardaugava manors in 1750. - 1850 Bachelor's thesis of the Faculty of History and Philosophy of the University of Latvia, supervisor. Doc. J. Strauhmanis: - Riga, p
• [4] Caune A., 1998. Riga Pardaugava 100 years ago. - Riga: Science p. total p.
• [5] Nature protection plan of the nature park "Piejūra", 2004. Carnikava parish, Riga district, Saulkrasti city with rural territory, Riga city. - Rīga: developer Latvijas [3]
• [6] Vakarbuļļi Nature Reserve Nature Protection Plan, 2003 - Riga: developer SIA "Estonian, Latvian & Lithuanian Environment" commissioned by Riga City Council, total p. Available on: Nature Protection Board website [4]
• [7] Riga City Council City Development Department [5]