Acid growth: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Ability of plants to elongate or expand under low pH}} |
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'''Acid growth''' refers to the ability of [[plant cell]]s and [[plant cell wall]]s to elongate or expand quickly at low (acidic) [[pH]]. The cell wall needs to be modified in order to maintain the turgor pressure. This modification is controlled by plant hormones like auxin. Auxin also controls the expression of some cell wall genes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Majda and Robert|first=Mateusz and Stepahnie|date=March 22, 2018|title=The Role of Auxin in Cell Wall Expansion|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=19|issue=4|pages=4|doi=10.3390/ijms19040951|pmid=29565829|pmc=5979272|doi-access=free}}</ref> This form of growth does not involve an increase in cell number. During acid growth, plant cells enlarge rapidly because the cell walls are made more extensible by [[expansin]], a pH-dependent wall-loosening protein. Expansin loosens the network-like connections between cellulose [[microfibril]]s within the cell wall, which allows the cell volume to increase by [[turgor pressure|turgor]] and [[osmosis]]. A typical sequence leading up to this would involve the introduction of a [[plant hormone]] ([[auxin]], for example) that causes [[proton]]s (H<sup>+</sup> ions) to be [[proton pump|pumped out]] of the cell into the cell wall. As a result, the cell wall solution becomes more [[acid]]ic. It was suggested by different scientist that the epidermis is a unique target of the auxin but this theory has been disapproved over time. This activates expansin activity, causing the wall to become more extensible and to undergo [[wall stress relaxation]], which enables the cell to take up water and to expand.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rayle | first1 = D. L. | last2 = Cleland | first2 = R. E. | year = 1992 | title = The Acid Growth Theory of auxin-induced cell elongation is alive and well | url = http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/reprint/99/4/1271 | journal = Plant Physiology | volume = 99 | issue = 4| pages = 1271–1274 | doi=10.1104/pp.99.4.1271| pmid = 11537886 | pmc = 1080619 }}</ref> The acid growth theory has been very controversial in the past. |
'''Acid growth''' refers to the ability of [[plant cell]]s and [[plant cell wall]]s to elongate or expand quickly at low (acidic) [[pH]]. The cell wall needs to be modified in order to maintain the turgor pressure. This modification is controlled by plant hormones like auxin. Auxin also controls the expression of some cell wall genes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Majda and Robert|first=Mateusz and Stepahnie|date=March 22, 2018|title=The Role of Auxin in Cell Wall Expansion|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=19|issue=4|pages=4|doi=10.3390/ijms19040951|pmid=29565829|pmc=5979272|doi-access=free}}</ref> This form of growth does not involve an increase in cell number. During acid growth, plant cells enlarge rapidly because the cell walls are made more extensible by [[expansin]], a pH-dependent wall-loosening protein. Expansin loosens the network-like connections between cellulose [[microfibril]]s within the cell wall, which allows the cell volume to increase by [[turgor pressure|turgor]] and [[osmosis]]. A typical sequence leading up to this would involve the introduction of a [[plant hormone]] ([[auxin]], for example) that causes [[proton]]s (H<sup>+</sup> ions) to be [[proton pump|pumped out]] of the cell into the cell wall. As a result, the cell wall solution becomes more [[acid]]ic. It was suggested by different scientist that the epidermis is a unique target of the auxin but this theory has been disapproved over time. This activates expansin activity, causing the wall to become more extensible and to undergo [[wall stress relaxation]], which enables the cell to take up water and to expand.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rayle | first1 = D. L. | last2 = Cleland | first2 = R. E. | year = 1992 | title = The Acid Growth Theory of auxin-induced cell elongation is alive and well | url = http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/reprint/99/4/1271 | journal = Plant Physiology | volume = 99 | issue = 4| pages = 1271–1274 | doi=10.1104/pp.99.4.1271| pmid = 11537886 | pmc = 1080619 }}</ref> The acid growth theory has been very controversial in the past. |
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Revision as of 01:44, 12 August 2023
Acid growth refers to the ability of plant cells and plant cell walls to elongate or expand quickly at low (acidic) pH. The cell wall needs to be modified in order to maintain the turgor pressure. This modification is controlled by plant hormones like auxin. Auxin also controls the expression of some cell wall genes.[1] This form of growth does not involve an increase in cell number. During acid growth, plant cells enlarge rapidly because the cell walls are made more extensible by expansin, a pH-dependent wall-loosening protein. Expansin loosens the network-like connections between cellulose microfibrils within the cell wall, which allows the cell volume to increase by turgor and osmosis. A typical sequence leading up to this would involve the introduction of a plant hormone (auxin, for example) that causes protons (H+ ions) to be pumped out of the cell into the cell wall. As a result, the cell wall solution becomes more acidic. It was suggested by different scientist that the epidermis is a unique target of the auxin but this theory has been disapproved over time. This activates expansin activity, causing the wall to become more extensible and to undergo wall stress relaxation, which enables the cell to take up water and to expand.[2] The acid growth theory has been very controversial in the past.
References
- ^ Majda and Robert, Mateusz and Stepahnie (March 22, 2018). "The Role of Auxin in Cell Wall Expansion". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 19 (4): 4. doi:10.3390/ijms19040951. PMC 5979272. PMID 29565829.
- ^ Rayle, D. L.; Cleland, R. E. (1992). "The Acid Growth Theory of auxin-induced cell elongation is alive and well". Plant Physiology. 99 (4): 1271–1274. doi:10.1104/pp.99.4.1271. PMC 1080619. PMID 11537886.
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