Cadima: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 15:19, 9 September 2024
Cadima was the Zionist apparatus that oversaw the mass migration of Moroccan Jews to Israel from 1949 to 1956.[1][2] It was administered by Mossad Le' Aliyah and Jewish Agency emissaries sent from Israel, with assistance from local Moroccan Zionists.[2] It was based out of an office in Casablanca and operated cells in large cities as well as a transit camp along the road to al-Jadida, from which Jewish migrants would depart for Israel via Marseille.[1]
History
Cadima was established through a "gentlemen's agreement" between Resident-General Alphonse Juin of the French colonial administration in Morocco and Jacques Gershoni of the Jewish Agency signed on March 7, 1949.[1]
Cadima operated a main office and cells in large cities throughout Morocco, from which they administered the departure of Jews from rural areas and isolated villages.[1] Cadima restricted the migration of Moroccan Jews through a criteria known as seleqṣeya (Template:Lang-he[3]) that included a strict medical examination and privileged healthy young people and families with a breadwinner.[1][4] Those who passed the medical inspection were sent to a transit camp in outside Casablanca on the road to al-Jadida, from which they would depart for Israel by way of Marseille.[1]
| rate of emmigration through Cadima | |
|---|---|
| 1949 | 2,709[1] |
| 1950 | 3,442[1] |
| 1951 | 6,677[1] |
| 1952 | 4,632[1] |
| 1953 | 2,561[1] |
| 1954 | 9,977[1] |
| 1955 | 26,555[1] |
| first 2 months of 1956 | 5,903[1] |
While emigration ran smoothly under French colonial rule,[2] Cadima sought to accelerate its activities by loosening its selection criteria in the period preceding Moroccan independence.
Cadima's was shut down and its staff were expelled when the Moroccan government banned all Zionist activities within Moroccan territory on May 13, 1956.[1] The two thousand people who were in Cadima's transit camp, unable to return home after having sold all their possessions and assets, were allowed to leave quietly after the World Jewish Congress negotiated with the Moroccan government.[1] After Cadima, other agencies would facilitate the emigration of Jewish Moroccans clandestinely.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Cadima (Morocco)". referenceworks. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
- ^ a b c Laskier, Michael M. (1990). "Developments in the Jewish Communities of Morocco 1956-76". Middle Eastern Studies. 26 (4): 465–505. ISSN 0026-3206.
- ^ מלכה, חיים (1998). הסלקציה: הסלקציה וההפליה בעלייתם וקליטתם של יהודי מרוקו וצפון-אפריקה בשנים 1948-1956 (in Hebrew). ח. מלכה.
- ^ "Seleqṣeya". referenceworks. doi:10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_sim_0019550. Retrieved 2024-09-09.