Tercan: Difference between revisions
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Originally, the main town in the region of Derzene was [[Bagayarich|Pekeriç]].<ref name="Sinclair 1989"/>{{rp|242}} Tercan superseded it in perhaps the early Ottoman period.<ref name="Sinclair 1989"/>{{rp|242}} In the middle ages and early Ottoman period, two routes converged at Tercan.<ref name="Sinclair 1989"/>{{rp|242-3}} The first was the one connecting [[Erzurum]] with [[Erzincan]] and [[Sivas]].<ref name="Sinclair 1989"/>{{rp|242}} The second was coming from the upper [[Kelkit River|Kelkit]] basin via the Pekeriç plain.<ref name="Sinclair 1989"/>{{rp|242-3}} |
Originally, the main town in the region of Derzene was [[Bagayarich|Pekeriç]].<ref name="Sinclair 1989"/>{{rp|242}} Tercan superseded it in perhaps the early Ottoman period.<ref name="Sinclair 1989"/>{{rp|242}} In the middle ages and early Ottoman period, two routes converged at Tercan.<ref name="Sinclair 1989"/>{{rp|242-3}} The first was the one connecting [[Erzurum]] with [[Erzincan]] and [[Sivas]].<ref name="Sinclair 1989"/>{{rp|242}} The second was coming from the upper [[Kelkit River|Kelkit]] basin via the Pekeriç plain.<ref name="Sinclair 1989"/>{{rp|242-3}} |
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The 17th century Ottoman traveller [[Evliya Çelebi]] visited the place in 1647, calling it ''Mamahatun''. He wrote about the Saltukid complex and described the town as ''"a Muslim village containing two hundred houses"''.<ref name="Evliya Efendi">{{cite book|last1=Efendi|first1=Evliya| |
The 17th century Ottoman traveller [[Evliya Çelebi]] visited the place in 1647, calling it ''Mamahatun''. He wrote about the Saltukid complex and described the town as ''"a Muslim village containing two hundred houses"''.<ref name="Evliya Efendi">{{cite book|last1=Efendi|first1=Evliya'''|translator-last=Hammer |title=Narrative of Travels, Europe, Asia and Africa|date=1850|location=London|pages=199}}</ref> |
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==Climate== |
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{{Weather box |
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| width = 70% |
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| collapsed = |
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| open = |
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| metric first = yes |
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| single line = yes |
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| trace = |
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| location = Tercan (1991-2020) |
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| temperature colour = |
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| precipitation colour = green |
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| unit precipitation days = 1 mm |
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| precip days colour = |
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| humidity colour = |
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| time day = |
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| daily = |
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<!-- Average high temperatures --> |
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| Jan high C =-0.6 |
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| Feb high C =1.2 |
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| Mar high C =7.6 |
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| Apr high C =14.7 |
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| May high C =20.3 |
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| Jun high C =25.9 |
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| Jul high C =30.6 |
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| Aug high C =31.3 |
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| Sep high C =26.2 |
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| Oct high C =19 |
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| Nov high C =10 |
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| Dec high C =2.4 |
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| year high C = |
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<!-- Mean daily temperature --> |
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| Jan mean C =-5.7 |
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| Feb mean C =-4.3 |
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| Mar mean C =1.9 |
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| Apr mean C =8.5 |
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| May mean C =13.4 |
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| Jun mean C =17.9 |
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| Jul mean C =21.9 |
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| Aug mean C =22.3 |
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| Sep mean C =17.4 |
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| Oct mean C =11.2 |
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| Nov mean C =3.6 |
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| Dec mean C =-2.6 |
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| year mean C = |
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<!-- Average low temperatures --> |
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| Jan low C =-10.1 |
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| Feb low C =-8.9 |
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| Mar low C =-3.1 |
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| Apr low C =2.8 |
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| May low C =7 |
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| Jun low C =10 |
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| Jul low C =13.4 |
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| Aug low C =13.6 |
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| Sep low C =9.1 |
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| Oct low C =4.7 |
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| Nov low C =-1.6 |
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| Dec low C =-6.6 |
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| year low C = |
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| Jan precipitation mm =28.93 |
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| Feb precipitation mm =33.66 |
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| Mar precipitation mm =47.95 |
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| Apr precipitation mm =66.88 |
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| May precipitation mm =64.88 |
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| Jun precipitation mm =31.68 |
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| Jul precipitation mm =14.11 |
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| Aug precipitation mm =6.78 |
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| Sep precipitation mm =18.59 |
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| Oct precipitation mm =44.96 |
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| Nov precipitation mm =33.96 |
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| Dec precipitation mm =28.06 |
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| year precipitation mm = |
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| Jan precipitation days =5.3 |
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| Feb precipitation days =5.9 |
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| Mar precipitation days =7.2 |
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| Apr precipitation days =10.2 |
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| May precipitation days =9.6 |
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| Jun precipitation days =5.4 |
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| Jul precipitation days =3 |
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| Aug precipitation days =1.8 |
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| Sep precipitation days =3.3 |
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| Oct precipitation days =5.4 |
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| Nov precipitation days =5.1 |
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| Dec precipitation days =5.3 |
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| year precipitation days = |
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| Jan humidity =75.6 |
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| Feb humidity =74.2 |
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| Mar humidity =67.6 |
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| Apr humidity =62.9 |
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| May humidity =61.2 |
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| Jun humidity =55.5 |
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| Jul humidity =49.2 |
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| Aug humidity =47.7 |
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| Sep humidity =50.8 |
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| Oct humidity =62.2 |
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| Nov humidity =69.9 |
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| Dec humidity =76 |
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| year humidity = |
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| Jan sun =100 |
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| Feb sun =122.8 |
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| Mar sun =163.1 |
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| Apr sun =188.9 |
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| May sun =249.7 |
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| Jun sun =305.1 |
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| Jul sun =346.6 |
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| Aug sun =323.6 |
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| Sep sun =278.6 |
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| Oct sun =206.9 |
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| Nov sun =145.2 |
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| Dec sun =92.1 |
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| year sun = |
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|source = [[NCEI|NOAA NCEI]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Tercan |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Tercan_17718.csv |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=[[NOAA|National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration]] |access-date=22 November 2024 |format=CSV}}</ref> |
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|date = November 2024 |
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}} |
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==Monuments== |
==Monuments== |
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Revision as of 10:16, 22 November 2024
Tercan | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Tercan Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 39°46′46″N 40°23′03″E / 39.77944°N 40.38417°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Erzincan |
| District | Tercan |
| Population (2021) | 4,846 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Website | www |
Tercan (formerly Mama Hatun, and Derzene; Greek: Δερζηνή in the Byzantine era; Kurdish: Têrcan)[1] is a town and seat of Tercan District of Erzincan Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It had a population of 4,846 in 2021.[2]
Located on the north bank of the Tuzla Su, a tributary of the Euphrates,[3]: 243 Tercan is especially notable for the 12th century complex of buildings built by the Saltukid female ruler Melike Mama Hatun, which comprises her tomb, a mosque, a hammam and an impressive caravanserai which was heavily restored in recent years.
Neighborhoods
The town is divided into the neighborhoods of Ahmet Yesevi, Atatürk, Fatih, Kazımkarabekir, Mamahatun and Yavuz Selim.[4]
History
Originally, the main town in the region of Derzene was Pekeriç.[3]: 242 Tercan superseded it in perhaps the early Ottoman period.[3]: 242 In the middle ages and early Ottoman period, two routes converged at Tercan.[3]: 242–3 The first was the one connecting Erzurum with Erzincan and Sivas.[3]: 242 The second was coming from the upper Kelkit basin via the Pekeriç plain.[3]: 242–3
The 17th century Ottoman traveller Evliya Çelebi visited the place in 1647, calling it Mamahatun. He wrote about the Saltukid complex and described the town as "a Muslim village containing two hundred houses".[5]
Climate
| Climate data for Tercan (1991-2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.6 (30.9) |
1.2 (34.2) |
7.6 (45.7) |
14.7 (58.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
30.6 (87.1) |
31.3 (88.3) |
26.2 (79.2) |
19 (66) |
10 (50) |
2.4 (36.3) |
15.7 (60.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.7 (21.7) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
1.9 (35.4) |
8.5 (47.3) |
13.4 (56.1) |
17.9 (64.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.3 (72.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
11.2 (52.2) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.1 (13.8) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7 (45) |
10 (50) |
13.4 (56.1) |
13.6 (56.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
2.5 (36.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 28.93 (1.14) |
33.66 (1.33) |
47.95 (1.89) |
66.88 (2.63) |
64.88 (2.55) |
31.68 (1.25) |
14.11 (0.56) |
6.78 (0.27) |
18.59 (0.73) |
44.96 (1.77) |
33.96 (1.34) |
28.06 (1.10) |
420.44 (16.56) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 5.3 | 5.9 | 7.2 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 5.4 | 3 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 67.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75.6 | 74.2 | 67.6 | 62.9 | 61.2 | 55.5 | 49.2 | 47.7 | 50.8 | 62.2 | 69.9 | 76 | 62.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 100 | 122.8 | 163.1 | 188.9 | 249.7 | 305.1 | 346.6 | 323.6 | 278.6 | 206.9 | 145.2 | 92.1 | 2,522.6 |
| Source: NOAA NCEI[6] | |||||||||||||
Monuments
Caravanserai
Located just east of the town center, the caravanserai is a roughly square building arranged around a central courtyard.[3]: 243–4 There two rows of five separate rooms on the courtyard's north and south sides - these were used by better-off travelers.[3]: 243–4 These are bordered by two long rooms that take up the entire north and south sides of the building; these served as stables and sleeping quarters for most guests.[3]: 244 The monumental entrance is located on the building's east side.[3]: 243 Each side of the entryway is flanked by a vaulted recess with a raised floor; this was where guards were posted.[3]: 243 Inside the portal is an entrance hall leading to the courtyard.[3]: 243 On either side of the hall there are several rooms that were used to store merchandise.[3]: 243 A staircase leading up to the roof is on the right side.[3]: 243
At the west end of the building are three tall iwans, which are awkwardly out of place in the building's design - the builders may have copied them wholesale from another building, such as a medrese.[3]: 243 The iwans were used as places to sleep in the summer and possibly also as stables.[3]: 243 Two large rooms border the iwans, one on the north and one on the south; like the rooms by the entrance hall, these were used to store merchandise.[3]: 243
The caravanserai was changed significantly during the early Ottoman period.[3]: 243 The original design had included two porticos on the north and south sides of the courtyard, in front of the first-class rooms; these no longer exist.[3]: 245 There had also originally been six first-class rooms on each side; the two at the west end were later converted into iwans.[3]: 245
Türbe
The türbe is located in the middle of a circular courtyard surrounded by a thick wall.[3]: 245 A walkway goes around the top of the outer wall, behind a small parapet.[3]: 245 The entrance portal, which is on the southwest side, is richly decorated and is framed by a muqarnas.[3]: 245–6 The wall is raised around the portal, and the upper walkway would have originally gone through a tunnel at this point.[3]: 245 On the inside of the wall, beneath the walkway, are a series of wide arched niches.[3]: 245 These were originally designed to accommodate tombs for family members.[3]: 245 The wall above them overhangs slightly and probably represent the remains of a vaulted portico.[3]: 246 One of these niches has since been replaced with a fountain.[3]: 246 The türbe's main tower is a relatively simple structure without windows.[3]: 246 Inside, a staircase leads down to the burial chamber, which is partly below ground.[3]: 246
-
Tomb of Melike Mama Hatun. -
Entrance portal to the tomb complex. -
Interior view of the walkway on top of the outer wall. -
Interior of the tomb
Other nearby sights
- Kötür bridge
- Pekeriç fortress
- Abrenk (Vank) church
- Kefrenci temple
Gallery
-
The main road running through Tercan -
View of Tercan -
Town hall building -
Street scene -
View of Tercan -
View of Tercan -
View showing both the caravanserai and türbe -
Outdoor seating area in the middle of town -
View of Tercan
See also
References
- ^ Adem, Avcıkıran (2009). Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî (in Turkish and Kurdish). p. 56.
- ^ "31 ARALIK 2021 TARİHLİ ADRESE DAYALI NÜFUS KAYIT SİSTEMİ (ADNKS) SONUÇLARI" (XLS). TÜİK (in Turkish). Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Sinclair, T.A. (1989). Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume II. Pindar Press. ISBN 0-907132-33-2. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
- ^ "Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri Envanteri". T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Efendi, Evliya (1850). Narrative of Travels, Europe, Asia and Africa. Translated by Hammer. London. p. 199.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Tercan" (CSV). ncei.noaa.gov. National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
External links
- "Mama Hatun Caravanserai, Tercan". Archnet. Archived from the original on 2006-05-25.
- "Mama Hatun Tomb, Tercan". Archnet. Archived from the original on 2007-06-10.
- Dick Osseman. "Photographs: Tercan".
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