Active service unit: Difference between revisions
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[[File:ProvisionalIRAGalbally.jpg|thumb|right|Active service unit at a [[1981 hunger strikes]] commemoration in [[Galbally, County Tyrone]], 2009, as part of a re-enactment. The weapons are a [[Beretta AR70]], a [[MAC-10]] machine pistol (with sound suppressor) and an [[AK-47]] assault rifle.]] |
[[File:ProvisionalIRAGalbally.jpg|thumb|right|Active service unit at a [[1981 hunger strikes]] commemoration in [[Galbally, County Tyrone]], 2009, as part of a re-enactment. The weapons are a [[Beretta AR70]], a [[MAC-10]] machine pistol (with sound suppressor) and an [[AK-47]] assault rifle.]] |
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[[File:Active service Unite of the Dublin Brigade.jpg|thumb|right|Wall plaque in Great Denmark Street, Dublin where the 1919 IRA Active Service Unit of the Dublin Brigade was founded. Every Brigade had{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} an Active Service Unit; these were{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} also called "Flying Columns."]] |
[[File:Active service Unite of the Dublin Brigade.jpg|thumb|right|Wall plaque in Great Denmark Street, Dublin where the 1919 IRA Active Service Unit of the Dublin Brigade was founded. Every Brigade had{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} an Active Service Unit; these were{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} also called "Flying Columns."]] |
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An '''active service unit''' ('''ASU'''; {{Langx|ga|aonad seirbhíse cogúla}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PvxQAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Aonad+Seirbh%C3%ADse+Cog%C3%BAla%22|title=Achtanna Den Oireachtas a Ritheadh Sa Bhlia[i]n ...: 1937|date=March 8, 1937|publisher=Stationery Office|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/17229|title=Ní Neart go cur le Chéile | An Phoblacht|website=www.anphoblacht.com}}</ref> was a [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] (IRA) [[Clandestine cell system|cell]] of four to ten members, tasked with carrying out armed attacks.<ref>{{cite book | last = Leahy |first = Thomas | title = The Intelligence War against the IRA | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | year = 2020 | page = 89 | isbn = 978-1108487504}}</ref> In 2002, the IRA had about 1,000 active members of which about 300 were in active service units.<ref>{{cite book | last = Moloney | first = Ed | author-link = Ed Moloney | title = A Secret History of the IRA | publisher = [[Penguin Books]] | year = 2002 | pages = xiv | isbn = 0-14-101041-X}}</ref> The concept was first pioneered by [[Tom McEllistrim (1894–1973)|Tom McEllistrim]] and other members of the [[Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)|Irish Republican Army]] in [[County Kerry|Kerry]]. |
An '''active service unit''' ('''ASU'''; {{Langx|ga|aonad seirbhíse cogúla}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PvxQAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Aonad+Seirbh%C3%ADse+Cog%C3%BAla%22|title=Achtanna Den Oireachtas a Ritheadh Sa Bhlia[i]n ...: 1937|date=March 8, 1937|publisher=Stationery Office|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/17229|title=Ní Neart go cur le Chéile | An Phoblacht|website=www.anphoblacht.com}}</ref> was a [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] (IRA) [[Clandestine cell system|cell]] of four to ten members, tasked with carrying out armed attacks.<ref>{{cite book | last = Leahy |first = Thomas | title = The Intelligence War against the IRA | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | year = 2020 | page = 89 | isbn = 978-1108487504}}</ref> In 2002, the IRA had about 1,000 active members of which about 300 were in active service units.<ref>{{cite book | last = Moloney | first = Ed | author-link = Ed Moloney | title = A Secret History of the IRA | publisher = [[Penguin Books]] | year = 2002 | pages = xiv | isbn = 0-14-101041-X}}</ref> The concept was first pioneered by [[Tom McEllistrim (1894–1973)|Tom McEllistrim]] and other members of the [[Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)|Irish Republican Army]] in [[County Kerry|Kerry]]. |
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==History== |
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In 1977, the IRA moved away from the larger conventional military organisational principle owing to its perceived security vulnerability. In place of the [[battalion]] structures, a system of two parallel types of unit within an IRA Brigade was introduced. Firstly, the old "company" structures were used to supply auxiliary members for support activities such as intelligence-gathering, acting as lookouts or moving weapons.<ref>O'Hearn, page 19</ref> |
In 1977, the IRA moved away from the larger conventional military organisational principle owing to its perceived security vulnerability. In place of the [[battalion]] structures, a system of two parallel types of unit within an IRA Brigade was introduced. Firstly, the old "company" structures were used to supply auxiliary members for support activities such as intelligence-gathering, acting as lookouts or moving weapons.<ref>O'Hearn, page 19</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 12:46, 26 November 2024
An active service unit (ASU; Irish: aonad seirbhíse cogúla)[1][2] was a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) cell of four to ten members, tasked with carrying out armed attacks.[3] In 2002, the IRA had about 1,000 active members of which about 300 were in active service units.[4] The concept was first pioneered by Tom McEllistrim and other members of the Irish Republican Army in Kerry.
History
[edit]In 1977, the IRA moved away from the larger conventional military organisational principle owing to its perceived security vulnerability. In place of the battalion structures, a system of two parallel types of unit within an IRA Brigade was introduced. Firstly, the old "company" structures were used to supply auxiliary members for support activities such as intelligence-gathering, acting as lookouts or moving weapons.[5]
The bulk of attacks from 1977 onwards were the responsibility of a second type of unit, the ASU. To improve security and operational capacity these ASUs were smaller, tight-knit cells, usually consisting of five to eight members, for carrying out armed attacks. The ASU's weapons were controlled by a quartermaster under the direct control of the IRA leadership.[6] By the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was estimated that the IRA had roughly 300 members in ASUs and approximately 450 serving in supporting roles.[7]
The exception to this reorganisation was the South Armagh Brigade which retained its traditional hierarchy and battalion structure and used relatively large numbers of volunteers in its actions.[8] Some operations, like the attack on Cloghogue checkpoint or the South Armagh sniper squads, involved as many as 20 volunteers, most of them in supporting roles.[9]
The smaller Republican paramilitary organisation the INLA also used the term "active service unit,[10] as did the Loyalist paramilitary groups the Ulster Volunteer Force[11] and Ulster Defence Association.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]
- Flying Columns, terminology for some types of Irish Volunteers units of circa the 1920s
- Fireteam and Squad, terminology for functional types of modern military units of similar size
References
[edit]- ^ "Achtanna Den Oireachtas a Ritheadh Sa Bhlia[i]n ...: 1937". Stationery Office. 8 March 1937 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Ní Neart go cur le Chéile | An Phoblacht". www.anphoblacht.com.
- ^ Leahy, Thomas (2020). The Intelligence War against the IRA. Cambridge University Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-1108487504.
- ^ Moloney, Ed (2002). A Secret History of the IRA. Penguin Books. pp. xiv. ISBN 0-14-101041-X.
- ^ O'Hearn, page 19
- ^ Bowyer Bell Page 437
- ^ O'Brien, p.161
- ^ Moloney, p.377
- ^ Harnden, Toby (2000). Bandit Country:The IRA and South Armagh. Coronet books. pp. 404. ISBN 0-340-71737-8.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Statement by the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), (3 May 2007)". CAIN. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
Bibliography
[edit]- O'Hearn, Denis. Bobby Sands: Nothing but an Unfinished Song, Pluto, ISBN 0-7453-2572-6
- Bell, J. Bowyer. The Secret Army - The IRA, 1997 3rd Edition, ISBN 1-85371-813-0
- Moloney Ed, The Secret History of the IRA, Penguin, London 2002, ISBN 0-14-101041-X
- O'Brien. Brendan, The Long War - The IRA and Sinn Féin. O'Brien Press, Dublin 1995, ISBN 0-86278-359-3
- ASUs in the Irish War of Independence