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Revision as of 02:55, 26 August 2011
| Littorinidae | |
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| Two shells of the common periwinke Littorina littorea | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| (unranked): | |
| Superfamily: | |
| Family: | Littorinidae |
| Diversity | |
| 2 freshwater species[2] and numerous marine species. (There is altogether 222 species of Littorinidae in Wikipedia in 4 August 2010.) | |
Littorinidae is a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found world-wide.
Names
In English-speaking countries in other parts of the world, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the Nerites, Neritidae, are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles", simply because they are small round marine snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.
Taxonomy
The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):
- Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834 - synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
- Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 - synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
- Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989
Genera
Genera within the family Littorinidae include:[3]
Littorininae
- Littorina Férussac, 1822 - type genus
- Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885[4]
Lacuninae
- Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869[4][5] - two species are freshwater living in waterfalls.[2] - with subgenus Lissoconchus Thiele[4]
- Lacuna Turton, 1827 - synonym: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
Laevilitorininae
- Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886
subfamily ?
- Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
- Algamorda Dall, 1918
- Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
- Bembicium Philippi, 1846
- Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
- Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 - synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;[6] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009[6]
- Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 - 39 species
- Littorina Férussac, 1822 - 18 species
- Macquariella Finlay, 1927 (?)
- Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
- Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 - This genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
- Echinolittorina - 59 species worldwide
- Austrolittorina - five species
- Afrolittorina - four species
- Nodilittorina s.s. - the monotypic subgenus[7]
- Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
- Pellilitorina Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
- Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902
- Rissolitorina Ponder, 1966
- Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 - 11 species. Its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.
- Synonyms
- Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria Dall, 1885[citation needed]
References
- ^ Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
- ^ a b Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. http://hdl.handle.net/10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
- ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae
- ^ a b c (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
- ^ Blanford (1869). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4)3: 343.
- ^ a b Reid D. G. (2009) "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean." Zootaxa 2184: 1-103. abstract
- ^ S T Williams , D G Reid , D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- "Littorinidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
Further reading
David G. Reid, Suzanne T. Williams (2004). "The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina" (PDF). Record of the Australian Museum. 56: 75–122. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393.
External links
