Littorinidae: Difference between revisions

Littorinidae
	Two shells of the common periwinke; Littorina littorea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda; clade Hypsogastropoda; clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Littorinoidea
Family:	Littorinidae; Children, 1834
Diversity
	2 freshwater species[2] and numerous marine species.; (There is altogether 222 species of Littorinidae in Wikipedia in 4 August 2010.)

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Littorinidae is a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found world-wide.

Names

In English-speaking countries in other parts of the world, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the Nerites, Neritidae, are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles", simply because they are small round marine snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.

Taxonomy

The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834 - synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 - synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989

Genera

Genera within the family Littorinidae include:^[3]

Littorininae

Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 - synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;^[4] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009^[4]
Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 - 39 species
Littorina Férussac, 1822 - 18 species - type genus
Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885^[5]
Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 - This genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
- Echinolittorina - 59 species worldwide
- Austrolittorina - five species
- Afrolittorina - four species
- Nodilittorina s.s. - the monotypic subgenus^[6]
Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 - 11 species. Its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.

Lacuninae

Bembicium Philippi, 1846
Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869^[5]^[7] - freshwater snails living in waterfalls.^[2]
Lacuna Turton, 1827 - synonym: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
Pellilitorina Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902

Laevilitorininae

Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886

subfamily ?

Algamorda Dall, 1918
Macquariella Finlay, 1927 (?)
Rissolitorina Ponder, 1966

Synonyms

Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria Dall, 1885^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
^ ^a ^b Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. hdl:10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae
^ ^a ^b Reid D. G. (2009) "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean." Zootaxa 2184: 1-103. abstract
^ ^a ^b (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
^ S T Williams , D G Reid , D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.

"Littorinidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1

External links

[1] Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.

[Strong_2008-2] Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. hdl:10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.

[3] World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae

[Reid-4] Reid D. G. (2009) "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean." Zootaxa 2184: 1-103. abstract

[water2010-5] (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.

[Littorininae-6] S T Williams , D G Reid , D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[7] Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.

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