STAT4: Difference between revisions
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== Disease == |
== Disease == |
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STAT4 is involved in several autoimmune and cancer diseases in animal models and humans. Intronic [[Gene polymorphism|single nucleotide polymorphism]] (SNP) mostly in third intron of the STAT4 has shown to be associated with immune dysregulation and autoimmunity including [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Remmers|first=Elaine F.|last2=Plenge|first2=Robert M.|last3=Lee|first3=Annette T.|last4=Graham|first4=Robert R.|last5=Hom|first5=Geoffrey|last6=Behrens|first6=Timothy W.|last7=de Bakker|first7=Paul I. W.|last8=Le|first8=Julie M.|last9=Lee|first9=Hye-Soon|date=2007-09-06|title=STAT4 and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17804842|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=357|issue=10|pages=977–986|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa073003|issn=1533-4406|pmc= |
STAT4 is involved in several autoimmune and cancer diseases in animal models and humans. Intronic [[Gene polymorphism|single nucleotide polymorphism]] (SNP) mostly in third intron of the STAT4 has shown to be associated with immune dysregulation and autoimmunity including [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Remmers|first=Elaine F.|last2=Plenge|first2=Robert M.|last3=Lee|first3=Annette T.|last4=Graham|first4=Robert R.|last5=Hom|first5=Geoffrey|last6=Behrens|first6=Timothy W.|last7=de Bakker|first7=Paul I. W.|last8=Le|first8=Julie M.|last9=Lee|first9=Hye-Soon|date=2007-09-06|title=STAT4 and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17804842|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=357|issue=10|pages=977–986|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa073003|issn=1533-4406|pmc=2630215|pmid=17804842}}</ref> and [[rheumatoid arthritis]] <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Liang|first=Ya-ling|last2=Wu|first2=Hua|last3=Shen|first3=Xi|last4=Li|first4=Pei-qiang|last5=Yang|first5=Xiao-qing|last6=Liang|first6=Li|last7=Tian|first7=Wei-hua|last8=Zhang|first8=Li-feng|last9=Xie|first9=Xiao-dong|date=2012-09-01|title=Association of STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism with autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-1754-1|journal=Molecular Biology Reports|language=en|volume=39|issue=9|pages=8873–8882|doi=10.1007/s11033-012-1754-1|issn=1573-4978}}</ref> as well as [[Sjögren syndrome|Sjögren's disease]] (SD)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Martín|first=Javier|last2=Anaya|first2=Juan-Manuel|last3=Witte|first3=Torsten|last4=Diaz-Gallo|first4=Lina-Marcela|last5=Palomino-Morales|first5=Rogelio J.|date=2010-05-01|title=Influence of STAT4 Polymorphism in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome|url=http://www.jrheum.org/content/37/5/1016|journal=The Journal of Rheumatology|language=en|volume=37|issue=5|pages=1016–1019|doi=10.3899/jrheum.091007|issn=0315-162X|pmid=20360187}}</ref>, [[Systemic scleroderma|systemic sclerosis]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Martin|first=J.|last2=Radstake|first2=T. R. D. J.|last3=Nelson|first3=J. L.|last4=Gonzalez-Escribano|first4=M. F.|last5=van Laar|first5=J.|last6=Scorza|first6=R.|last7=Beretta|first7=L.|last8=Airo|first8=P.|last9=Coenen|first9=M. J. H.|date=2009-06-01|title=The STAT4 gene influences the genetic predisposition to systemic sclerosis phenotype|url=https://academic.oup.com/hmg/article/18/11/2071/2527340|journal=Human Molecular Genetics|language=en|volume=18|issue=11|pages=2071–2077|doi=10.1093/hmg/ddp119|issn=0964-6906}}</ref>, [[psoriasis]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Martínez‑Garza|first=Laura|last2=Ocampo‑Candiani|first2=Jorge|last3=Salas‑Alanís|first3=Julio|last4=Gómez‑Flores|first4=Minerva|last5=Torres‑Muñoz|first5=Iris|last6=Cerda‑Flores|first6=Ricardo|last7=Gallardo‑Blanco|first7=Hugo|last8=Villarreal‑Martínez|first8=Alejandra|date=2016-04-01|title=Candidate gene polymorphisms and risk of psoriasis: A pilot study|url=http://www.spandidos-publications.com/etm/11/4/1217/abstract|journal=Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine|volume=11|issue=4|pages=1217–1222|doi=10.3892/etm.2016.3066|issn=1792-0981|pmc=4812537|pmid=27073425}}</ref> and also [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|type-1 diabetes]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Santin|first=I.|last2=Eizirik|first2=D. L.|date=2013|title=Candidate genes for type 1 diabetes modulate pancreatic islet inflammation and β-cell apoptosis|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dom.12162|journal=Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism|language=en|volume=15|issue=s3|pages=71–81|doi=10.1111/dom.12162|issn=1463-1326}}</ref>. High incident of STAT4 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases is a reason to consider the STAT4 as general autoimmune disease susceptibility locus.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Korman|first=Benjamin D.|last2=Kastner|first2=Daniel L.|last3=Gregersen|first3=Peter K.|last4=Remmers|first4=Elaine F.|date=September 2008|title=STAT4: genetics, mechanisms, and implications for autoimmunity|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18682104|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=8|issue=5|pages=398–403|issn=1534-6315|pmc=2562257|pmid=18682104}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 20:28, 28 January 2019
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is a transcription factor belonging to the STAT protein family.[5] It is required for the development of Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells[6] and IFN-γ production in response to IL-12.[7]
Structure
Human as well murine STAT4 genes lie next to STAT1 gene locus suggesting that the genes arose by gene duplication.[5] STAT proteins have several functional domains, including an N-terminal interaction domain, a central DNA-binding domain, an SH2 domain, and the C-terminal transactivation domain.[8]
Expression
Distribution of STAT4 is restricted to myeloid cells, thymus and testis.[5] In resting human T cells it is expressed at very low levels, but its production is amplified by PHA stimulation.[7]
Activation
Two chains of IL-12 receptor form heterodimer after IL-12 binding and activate the receptor associated JAK kinases, termed JAK2 and TYK2. Stat4 is phosphorylated by these tyrosine kinases, homodimerizes via its SH2 domain and translocates into nucleus to activate gene transcription.[9]
Target genes
STAT4 binds to hundreds of sites in the genome,[10] among others to the promoters of genes for cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF), receptors (IL18R1, IL12rβ2, IL18RAP), and signaling factors (MYD88).[10]
Disease
STAT4 is involved in several autoimmune and cancer diseases in animal models and humans. Intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mostly in third intron of the STAT4 has shown to be associated with immune dysregulation and autoimmunity including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)[11] and rheumatoid arthritis [12] as well as Sjögren's disease (SD)[13], systemic sclerosis[14], psoriasis[15] and also type-1 diabetes[16]. High incident of STAT4 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases is a reason to consider the STAT4 as general autoimmune disease susceptibility locus.[17]
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000138378 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000062939 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b c Yamamoto K, Quelle FW, Thierfelder WE, Kreider BL, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Silvennoinen O, Ihle JN (Jul 1994). "Stat4, a novel gamma interferon activation site-binding protein expressed in early myeloid differentiation". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 14 (7): 4342–9. doi:10.1128/mcb.14.7.4342. PMC 358805. PMID 8007943.
- ^ Kaplan MH (2005). "STAT4: a critical regulator of inflammation in vivo" (PDF). Immunologic Research. 31 (3): 231–42. doi:10.1385/IR:31:3:231. PMID 15888914.
- ^ a b Bacon CM, Petricoin EF, Ortaldo JR, Rees RC, Larner AC, Johnston JA, O'Shea JJ (Aug 1995). "Interleukin 12 induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of STAT4 in human lymphocytes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (16): 7307–11. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.16.7307. PMC 41328. PMID 7638186.
- ^ Chang HC, Zhang S, Oldham I, Naeger L, Hoey T, Kaplan MH (Aug 2003). "STAT4 requires the N-terminal domain for efficient phosphorylation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (34): 32471–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302776200. PMID 12805384.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Wurster AL, Tanaka T, Grusby MJ (May 2000). "The biology of Stat4 and Stat6". Oncogene. 19 (21): 2577–84. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203485. PMID 10851056.
- ^ a b Good SR, Thieu VT, Mathur AN, Yu Q, Stritesky GL, Yeh N, O'Malley JT, Perumal NB, Kaplan MH (Sep 2009). "Temporal induction pattern of STAT4 target genes defines potential for Th1 lineage-specific programming". Journal of Immunology. 183 (6): 3839–47. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0901411. PMC 2748807. PMID 19710469.
- ^ Remmers, Elaine F.; Plenge, Robert M.; Lee, Annette T.; Graham, Robert R.; Hom, Geoffrey; Behrens, Timothy W.; de Bakker, Paul I. W.; Le, Julie M.; Lee, Hye-Soon (2007-09-06). "STAT4 and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus". The New England Journal of Medicine. 357 (10): 977–986. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa073003. ISSN 1533-4406. PMC 2630215. PMID 17804842.
- ^ Liang, Ya-ling; Wu, Hua; Shen, Xi; Li, Pei-qiang; Yang, Xiao-qing; Liang, Li; Tian, Wei-hua; Zhang, Li-feng; Xie, Xiao-dong (2012-09-01). "Association of STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism with autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis". Molecular Biology Reports. 39 (9): 8873–8882. doi:10.1007/s11033-012-1754-1. ISSN 1573-4978.
- ^ Martín, Javier; Anaya, Juan-Manuel; Witte, Torsten; Diaz-Gallo, Lina-Marcela; Palomino-Morales, Rogelio J. (2010-05-01). "Influence of STAT4 Polymorphism in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome". The Journal of Rheumatology. 37 (5): 1016–1019. doi:10.3899/jrheum.091007. ISSN 0315-162X. PMID 20360187.
- ^ Martin, J.; Radstake, T. R. D. J.; Nelson, J. L.; Gonzalez-Escribano, M. F.; van Laar, J.; Scorza, R.; Beretta, L.; Airo, P.; Coenen, M. J. H. (2009-06-01). "The STAT4 gene influences the genetic predisposition to systemic sclerosis phenotype". Human Molecular Genetics. 18 (11): 2071–2077. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp119. ISSN 0964-6906.
- ^ Martínez‑Garza, Laura; Ocampo‑Candiani, Jorge; Salas‑Alanís, Julio; Gómez‑Flores, Minerva; Torres‑Muñoz, Iris; Cerda‑Flores, Ricardo; Gallardo‑Blanco, Hugo; Villarreal‑Martínez, Alejandra (2016-04-01). "Candidate gene polymorphisms and risk of psoriasis: A pilot study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 11 (4): 1217–1222. doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3066. ISSN 1792-0981. PMC 4812537. PMID 27073425.
- ^ Santin, I.; Eizirik, D. L. (2013). "Candidate genes for type 1 diabetes modulate pancreatic islet inflammation and β-cell apoptosis". Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 15 (s3): 71–81. doi:10.1111/dom.12162. ISSN 1463-1326.
- ^ Korman, Benjamin D.; Kastner, Daniel L.; Gregersen, Peter K.; Remmers, Elaine F. (September 2008). "STAT4: genetics, mechanisms, and implications for autoimmunity". Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. 8 (5): 398–403. ISSN 1534-6315. PMC 2562257. PMID 18682104.
Further reading
- Svenungsson E, Gustafsson J, Leonard D, Sandling J, Gunnarsson I, Nordmark G, Jönsen A, Bengtsson AA, Sturfelt G, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Elvin K, Sundin U, Garnier S, Simard JF, Sigurdsson S, Padyukov L, Syvänen AC, Rönnblom L (May 2010). "A STAT4 risk allele is associated with ischaemic cerebrovascular events and anti-phospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 69 (5): 834–40. doi:10.1136/ard.2009.115535. PMID 19762360.
External links
- STAT4+Transcription+Factor at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)